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Свобода и единогласие

В послевоенной Америке роль правительства в экономике продолжила укрепляться, что вызвало недовольство приверженцев минимального вмешательства государства в рынок. Среди критиков кейнсианства оказалась группа ярких ученых, работавших в Университете Виргинии во главе с Джеймсом М. Бьюкененом и Гордоном Таллоком.

Свои исследования они посвятили тому, насколько в действительности чиновники руководствуются не личными, а общественными интересами на разных уровнях — экономическом и политическом. О ключевых идеях Виргинской школы и о том, насколько они актуальны сейчас, читайте в новом материале ForkLog.

В годы Великой депрессии (1929–1939) роль государства в экономике США усилилась. Многие видели в правительстве инструмент решения кризисов, на передний план вышли идеи Джона Мейнарда Кейнса и его последователей. Виргинская школа возникла уже в послевоенные годы в качестве ответа на эту тенденцию.

В 1950-х в Университете Виргинии группа экономистов во главе с Джеймсом М. Бьюкененом и Гордоном Таллоком основала программу исследования государственного управления. Их задачей было показать, как политики и чиновники действуют в собственных интересах, игнорируя общественные.

Ученые черпали вдохновение в идеях Австрийской школы, которая подчеркивала роль свободного рынка и ограниченного государства. Виргинцы пошли дальше, сосредоточившись на анализе политических процессов через экономическую методологию. Также на школу оказал влияние классический либерализм, включая концепции ограничения власти и защиты индивидуальных свобод, что проявилось в работах Бьюкенена по конституционной экономике.

Ключевые принципы Виргинской школы можно сформулировать следующим образом:

Виргинская школа опирается на эмпирические исследования и математические модели, делая акцент на философии свободы. Ее идеи применяются в анализе не только рынков, но и государственных институтов.

Сердце Виргинской школы — теория общественного выбора, которая описывает, как люди используют государственные институты для достижения своих целей. Она опирается на три предпосылки:

Лидеры виргинцев рассматривали государство как рынок, где участники обмениваются голосами и обещаниями. Однако они подчеркивали, что выборы не всегда отражают истинные предпочтения общества. Парадокс голосования, описанный Бьюкененом и Таллоком в книге «Расчет согласия: логические основы конституционной демократии» (1962), заключается в том, что результаты зависят от регламента и ими легко манипулировать. Так, на итоги волеизъявления может влиять порядок вопросов в бюллетене.

Проблему усугубляют такие практики, как лоббизм и логроллинг. Лоббизм — это влияние на власть для принятия выгодных решений, часто в интересах узких групп. Логроллинг, или «торговля голосами», предполагает взаимную поддержку депутатов, чтобы протолкнуть свои проекты. Один из популярных вариантов — «казенный пирог», когда политики выделяют из общего бюджета средства на множество локальных инициатив с целью заручиться поддержкой большинства.

Например, в 2000-х годах в США порядка $1,3 млн было выделено на исследование, в рамках которого креветок заставляли бегать по миниатюрной беговой дорожке, чтобы оценить, как они справляются с физической нагрузкой в условиях стресса. Это вызвало бурную дискуссию как неоправданная, по мнению критиков, трата средств налогоплательщиков ради узких научных интересов.

Подобные действия, по мнению Бьюкенена, таят угрозу для демократии. Политики, стремясь к переизбранию, повышают расходы, что раздувает бюрократию и стимулирует инфляцию. В результате контроль государства усиливается, а экономика слабеет.

Теория общественного выбора уделяет большое внимание понятию «общественные блага». Под ними подразумеваются товары и услуги, которым свойственны:

В качестве примеров можно привести уличное освещение, чистый воздух, национальную оборону. Производство таких благ, как правило, невыгодно частному сектору, поэтому их предоставляет государство. Однако возникает вопрос: что из этого и в каком объеме нужно людям?

Экономист Манкур Олсон в книге «Логика коллективных действий» (1965) отмечал: спрос на общественные блага часто занижен из-за проблемы безбилетника — граждане пользуются благами, не платя за них.

Допустим, город решает установить систему очистки воздуха. Это общественное благо, так как все жители дышат одним воздухом, и никто не может быть исключен. Однако:

Бьюкенен подчеркивал: такие проблемы требуют не только экономического, но и политического анализа, чтобы обеспечить справедливое и эффективное предоставление общественных благ. Он предлагал следующие решения:

Классики Виргинской школы считали, что эффективное предоставление общественных благ требует учета индивидуальных интересов и создания институтов, минимизирующих политические искажения. По их мнению, решения, основанные на конституционных ограничениях и децентрализации, помогают сбалансировать интересы общества и обеспечить справедливое распределение ресурсов.

В 1970-х и 1980-х годах Виргинская школа расширила свое влияние благодаря работам таких ученых, как Уильям Нисканен. Его теория бюрократии показала, как государственные учреждения максимизируют собственные бюджеты — часто в ущерб общественным интересам.

Этот период ознаменовался углублением анализа конституционных правил и их роли в ограничении политической власти, что нашло отражение в работах Бьюкенена, особенно в книге «Границы свободы. Между анархией и Левиафаном» (1975). В это же время философ и экономист Джеффри Бреннан в своих исследованиях показал, как налоговые системы влияют на поведение индивидов и ограничивают государственную власть.

Например, высокие сборы могут побуждать людей меньше работать или инвестировать, тем самым снижая экономическую активность. И напротив, продуманные налоговые правила способны ограничивать чрезмерное расширение государственных расходов. Эти идеи подчеркивали, как институциональный дизайн налоговых систем может направлять индивидуальные решения и сдерживать государственное вмешательство в экономику.

Современные последователи виргинцев, такие как Питер Лисон, Мэттью Д. Митчелл и Дональд Будро, активно применяют принципы школы к цифровой экономике. Они изучают блокчейн как инструмент, который обеспечивает прозрачность, неизменяемость данных и снижение транзакционных издержек, что делает его идеальным для анализа с точки зрения методологического индивидуализма.

Питер Лисон, известный своими исследованиями неформальных институтов, применяет принципы Виргинской школы в анализе децентрализованных систем. Он иллюстрирует, как неформальные институты, например пиратские кодексы, создают механизмы самоуправления. В этом контексте блокчейн может служить современным примером неформальных институтов, обеспечивающих координацию и доверие в условиях отсутствия централизованного контроля.

Старшие научные сотрудники исследовательского центра Mercatus Center Мэттью Д. Митчелл и Дональд Будро анализируют влияние регулирования на инновации, подчеркивая, что избыточное государственное вмешательство подавляет технологическое развитие. Их исследования, основанные на теории общественного выбора, показывают в том числе, как блокчейн способствует экономической свободе и рыночным механизмам, обходя традиционные посреднические структуры.

Таким образом, идеи Олсона, Бьюкенена и Таллока продолжают находить отражение в работах современных экономистов, которые адаптируют их к новым реалиям.

Отдельные положения Виргинской школы нередко подвергаются критике со стороны известных экономистов. Так, нобелевский лауреат Джозеф Стиглиц считает чрезмерным акцент на рациональном выборе и предположении, что все агенты действуют исключительно из эгоистических мотивов.

Опираясь на свои исследования в области информационной асимметрии и поведенческой экономики, Стиглиц утверждает, что это упрощенное представление игнорирует влияние иррациональных факторов, альтруизма, социальных норм или ограниченной рациональности. Например, люди могут голосовать, руководствуясь идеологическими убеждениями или чувством долга, что школа часто не учитывает.

В свою очередь, корейский экономист Ха-Джун Чанг критикует пессимистический взгляд школы на государственные институты, считая его излишне циничным. Чанг подчеркивает: государство способно эффективно решать проблемы координации и обеспечивать общественные блага, особенно в развивающихся странах, а исторические примеры успешного правительственного регулирования противоречат тезисам о неизбежных провалах государства.

Кроме того, критики, включая Стиглица и Чанга, отмечают ограниченную эмпирическую базу Виргинской школы. Хотя ее теоретические модели логически стройны, они не всегда подтверждаются реальными данными, так как предсказания о поведении агентов могут не учитывать культурные или исторические контексты. Также виргинцев упрекают в идеологической предвзятости: ее акцент на неэффективности государства и защита рыночных механизмов интерпретируются как поддержка либертарианских идей, что вызывает скептицизм у сторонников коллективных действий и социальной справедливости.

Несмотря на критику, Виргинская школа остается влиятельной благодаря своей способности выявлять скрытые мотивы в политических процессах и подчеркивать важность институциональных рамок для минимизации неэффективности, стимулируя дискуссии о балансе между рынком, государством и обществом.

Текст: Анастасия О.

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    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 09.10.25 11:05 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 11.10.25 04:41 luciajessy3

    Don’t be deceived by different testimonies online that is most likely wrong. I have made use of several recovery options that got me disappointed at the end of the day but I must confess that the tech genius I eventually found is the best out here. It’s better you devise your time to find the valid professional that can help you recover your stolen or lost crypto such as bitcoins rather than falling victim of other amateur hackers that cannot get the job done. ADAMWILSON . TRADING @ CONSULTANT COM / WHATSAPP ; +1 (603) 702 ( 4335 ) is the most reliable and authentic blockchain tech expert you can work with to recover what you lost to scammers. They helped me get back on my feet and I’m very grateful for that. Contact their email today to recover your lost coins ASAP…

  • 11.10.25 10:44 Tonerdomark

    A thief took my Dogecoin and wrecked my life. Then Mr. Sylvester stepped in and changed everything. He got back €211,000 for me, every single cent of my gains. His calm confidence and strong tech skills rebuilt my trust. Thanks to him, I recovered my cash with no issues. After months of stress, I felt huge relief. I had full faith in him. If a scam stole your money, reach out to him today at { yt7cracker@gmail . com } His help sparked my full turnaround.

  • 12.10.25 01:12 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 12.10.25 01:12 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 12.10.25 19:53 Tonerdomark

    A crook swiped my Dogecoin. It ruined my whole world. Then Mr. Sylvester showed up. He fixed it all. He pulled back €211,000 for me. Not one cent missing from my profits. His steady cool and sharp tech know-how won back my trust. I got my money smooth and sound. After endless worry, relief hit me hard. I trusted him completely. Lost cash to a scam? Hit him up now at { yt7cracker@gmail . com }. His aid turned my life around. WhatsApp at +1 512 577 7957.

  • 12.10.25 21:36 blessing

    Writing this review is a joy. Marie has provided excellent service ever since I started working with her in early 2018. I was worried I wouldn't be able to get my coins back after they were stolen by hackers. I had no idea where to begin, therefore it was a nightmare for me. However, things became easier for me after my friend sent me to [email protected] and +1 7127594675 on WhatsApp. I'm happy that she was able to retrieve my bitcoin so that I could resume trading.

  • 13.10.25 01:11 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 13.10.25 01:11 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 14.10.25 01:15 tyleradams

    Hi. Please be wise, do not make the same mistake I had made in the past, I was a victim of bitcoin scam, I saw a glamorous review showering praises and marketing an investment firm, I reached out to them on what their contracts are, and I invested $28,000, which I was promised to get my first 15% profit in weeks, when it’s time to get my profits, I got to know the company was bogus, they kept asking me to invest more and I ran out of patience then requested to have my money back, they refused to answer nor refund my funds, not until a friend of mine introduced me to the NVIDIA TECH HACKERS, so I reached out and after tabling my complaints, they were swift to action and within 36 hours I got back my funds with the due profit. I couldn’t contain the joy in me. I urge you guys to reach out to NVIDIA TECH HACKERS on their email: [email protected]

  • 14.10.25 08:46 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 14.10.25 08:46 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 14.10.25 08:46 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 15.10.25 18:07 crypto

    Cryptocurrency's digital realm presents many opportunities, but it also conceals complex frauds. It is quite painful to lose your cryptocurrency to scam. You can feel harassed and lost as a result. If you have been the victim of a cryptocurrency scam, this guide explains what to do ASAP. Following these procedures will help you avoid further issues or get your money back. Communication with Marie ([email protected] and WhatsApp: +1 7127594675) can make all the difference.

  • 15.10.25 21:52 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 15.10.25 21:52 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

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