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Н Новости

QapGen: Создаём мощные парсеры на C++

QapDSLv2 — это язык который транслируется в обычный C++ код. Он позволяет удобно и компактно задавать грамматики/правила разбора, значительно упрощая разработку компиляторов и анализаторов.

QapGen — это генератор дерева_лексеров/парсеров описанных на QapDSLv2. Сама грамматика QapDSLv2 описана на QapDSLv2 на 100%. Поэтому QapGen как основной читатель этой грамматики сам генерирует часть своего кода(весь парсер QapDSLv2).

Основные фишки QapDSLv2 + QapGen — это:

  • Отсутствие этапа токенизации — дерево лексеров разбивает входной поток на лексемы и сохраняет их в строго типизированных древовидных С++ структурах пропуская этап токенизации.

  • Полное сохранение всех лексем(даже разделители сохраняются, такие как пробелы/переходы на новую строку и комментарии) в результирующем дереве.

  • Возможность сохранить как оригинальное дерево, так и модифицированное обратно в код/текст без потери разделителей/комментариев.

  • Генерация оптимизированного кода полиморфных лексеров.

  • Автоматическая генерация кода посетителей(это такой паттерн проектирования).

А теперь пример самой сочной части(рекурсивно самоописывающийся код):

t_target_struct:i_target_item{
  t_keyword{
    string kw=any_str_from_vec(split("struct,class",","));
    " "? // optional separator
  }
  t_body_semicolon:i_struct_impl{";"}
  t_body_impl:i_struct_impl{
    "{" // жрём скобочку
    vector<TAutoPtr<i_target_item>> nested?; // запускаем рекурсию!
    " "?
    vector<TAutoPtr<i_struct_field>> arr?; // парсим поля
    " "?
    TAutoPtr<t_struct_cmds> cmds?; // УГ из QapDSLv1
    " "?
    TAutoPtr<t_cpp_code> c?; // нагло пожираем остальной С++ код
    " "?
    "}"
  }
  t_parent{
    string arrow_or_colon=any_str_from_vec(split("=>,:",","));
    " "?
    t_name parent;
  }
  //точка входа в парсер:
  TAutoPtr<t_keyword> kw?; // парсим struct/class
  t_name name; //парсим имя
  " "? // опциональный разделитель
  TAutoPtr<t_parent> parent?; // парсим имя интерфэйса если есть
  " "?
  TAutoPtr<i_struct_impl> body; // парсим тело структуры или точку с запятой.
}

Про эту статью

Это вторая статья про QapDSL(и одна из первых про QapGen), но первую статью про QapDSLv1 я читать не рекомендую, т.к она безнадёжна устарела, но в этой статье будут описаны изменения по сравнению с первой версией языка, так что я не знаю как вы будете в этом разбираться.

Про соседнюю статью

Я решил выложить сразу две стать в одно время. В этой статье после описания нововведений и разбора примера простого калькулятора, будет вторая половина статьи с самой настоящей сложной технической жестью про QapGen, а в той статье про сравнение с конкурентами на основе парсинга JSON, про механизм полиморфного разбора, а также описание QapDSLv2 и громкая хвала его преимущества.

Основные цели и мотивация для создания QapDSLv2

09bede092b7c809900799056540dc53b.png

В комментариях к первой версии отмечалась перегруженность синтаксиса излишними конструкциями, что усложняло чтение и поддержку кода. Вторая версия QapDSL была разработана с целью упростить и укоротить синтаксис, повысить гибкость и расширить возможности интеграции с C++.

Ключевые нововведения QapDSLv2

Новый укороченный синтаксис

Синтаксис стал более компактным и выразительным. Например, вместо

t_num_with_sep{t_num num;t_sep sep;{go_auto(num);go_auto(sep);}}

теперь можно писать

t_num_with_sep{t_num num;" "} // код с go_auto генерируется автоматически.
// " " - заменится на анонимный t_sep
// но только тогда когда сверху в дереве написано using " " as t_sep;
Более полный пример из кода QapGen
// legacy lexer для парсинга команд из QapDSLv1
t_struct_cmd{ // парсить строки виды 'O+=go_minor<major>(minor);'
  TAutoPtr<i_struct_cmd_xxxx> mode?; // парсит 'O+='
  t_name func; // парсит имя go_* метода
  " "? // " " - заменится на анонимный t_sep, вопросик - опциональность.
  string templ_params=str<TAutoPtr<t_templ_params>>()?; // парсит шаблоны
  "(" // пожирает открывающуюся скобочку
  t_cmd_params params; //парсит параметры из вызова метода
  ")" // пожирает закрывающуюся скобочку
  " "?
  TAutoPtr<i_struct_cmd_so> cmdso?; // опциональна фигня, надо удалить.
  " "?
  ";" // пожирает точку с запятой.
}

Атрибуты для полей

Нужны для того чтобы можно было прокидывать инфу о полях из QapDSLv2 в С++ код и тем самым получать возможность управлять кодом обходящим AST. Например в тэг-атрибут можно запихать js-код обработчик поля/ноды. Или это плохой пример?

t_test20250618_atrr{
  t_foo{{}[::]} // тест баяна.
  t_foo foo; [skip] //аттрибут указывающий зачем-то что это надо пропустить
  t_sep sep; [optimize,"sep",("sep"),sep[x]] // вот так можно писать
}

Возможность вставлять C++ код в QapDSL без разделителя — «баян» [::]

Это нововведение позволяет интегрировать произвольный C++ код в QapDSLv2 без необходимости использовать специальные разделители([::]), что упрощает работу с кодом и улучшает читаемость.

Кроссплатформенная версия QapGen

Теперь QapGen(генератор парсеров) компилируется g++/clang/cl.exe, и генерируемый им код также компилируется под linux/windows, что значительно расширяет область применения и удобство использования инструмента.

111
111

Примера описания парсера для калькулятора на QapDSLv2

t_simple_calc{
  //обьявляемы и реализуем вложенные в t_simple_calc лексеры
  t_term{
    TAutoPtr<i_term> value; // вызываем парсинг полиморфной ноды/лексера.
  }
  t_number:i_term{
    t_ext{
      "." // жрём точечку.
      string v=any(gen_dips("09")); // жрём всё от 0 до 9 пока оно есть.
    }
    t_impl{
      string bef=any(gen_dips("09"));
      TAutoPtr<t_ext> ext?; // парсим опциональный t_ext
    }
    string value=str<t_impl>(); // парсим t_impl и сохраняем его в строку.
  }
  t_divmul{
    t_elem{
      string oper=any_str_from_vec(split("/,*",",")); // сжираем / или *
      t_term expr; // запускаем полиморфа который есть скобки и числа
    }
    t_term first;
    vector<t_elem> arr?; // запускаем опциональный парсинг массива t_elem
  }
  t_addsub{
    t_elem{
      string oper=any_str_from_vec(split("+,-",",")); // сжираем + или -
      t_divmul expr;
    }
    t_divmul first; // парсим t_divmul, т.к у него выше приоретет
    vector<t_elem> arr?; // теперь опционально все остальные
  }
  t_scope:i_term{
    "(" // едим скобку
    t_addsub value; // начинаем с + или -,т.к у них низкий приортет
    ")" // ещё скобочку
  }
  // точка входа:
  t_addsub value; // парсим t_addsub
}

Пример запуска парсера калькулятора описанного на QapDSLv2

Смотрите сначала разбор, а потом это если захочется увидеть реальный код
struct t_simple_calc_evalutor:t_simple_calc{
  typedef t_simple_calc t_ast;
  struct t_go:i_term_visitor{
    void Do(t_number*ptr){Do(*ptr);}
    void Do(t_scope*ptr){Do(*ptr);}
    template<class TYPE>void Do(vector<TYPE>&arr){for(auto&ex:arr)Do(ex);}
    void Do(t_term&ref){
      auto*ptr=ref.value.get();
      ptr->Use(*this);
    }
    void Do(t_number&ref){
      rv=t_rv{"imm",ref.value};
      v=std::stod(ref.value);
    }
    void Do(t_scope&ref){
      Do(ref.value);
    }
    void Do(t_divmul&ref){
      Do(ref.first);
      auto cur_rv=rv;
      auto cur=v;
      for(auto&ex:ref.arr){
        Do(ex.expr);
        if("/"==ex.oper)cur/=v;
        if("*"==ex.oper)cur*=v;
        if("/"==ex.oper)cur_rv=div(cur_rv,rv);
        if("*"==ex.oper)cur_rv=mul(cur_rv,rv);
      }
      v=cur;
      rv=cur_rv;
    }
    void Do(t_addsub&ref){
      Do(ref.first);
      auto cur_rv=rv;
      auto cur=v;
      for(auto&ex:ref.arr){
        Do(ex.expr);
        if("+"==ex.oper)cur+=v;
        if("-"==ex.oper)cur-=v;
        if("+"==ex.oper)cur_rv=add(cur_rv,rv);
        if("-"==ex.oper)cur_rv=sub(cur_rv,rv);
      }
      v=cur;
      rv=cur_rv;
    }
    struct t_rv{
      string type;
      string value;
      string get_reg()const{
        auto t=split(value,"\n");
        if(t.back().empty())t.pop_back();
        auto b=t.back();
        return split(b,"=")[0];
      }
      int get_reg_id()const{
        return std::stoi(split(get_reg(),"\2")[0].substr(1));
      }
    };
    t_rv rv_do(string cmd,t_rv a,t_rv b){
      int reg_id=0;
      auto reg=[](int reg_id){return "\1"+std::to_string(reg_id)+"\2";};
      auto alloc_reg=[&](){return reg(reg_id++);};
      auto foo=[&](const t_rv&a){
        if(a.type!="imm")return a;
        auto reg=alloc_reg();
        return t_rv{"asm",reg+"="+a.value};
      };
      auto fix=[&](const t_rv&a,int bef,int aft){
        return t_rv{"asm",join(split(a.value,reg(bef)),reg(aft))};
      };
      string out;
      auto ra=foo(a);auto a_id=ra.get_reg_id();reg_id=a_id+1;
      auto rb=foo(b);auto b_id=rb.get_reg_id();reg_id=std::max(a_id+1,b_id+1);
      for(int i=0;i<=b_id;i++)if(i<=a_id)if(rb.value.find(reg(i))!=std::string::npos)rb=fix(rb,i,reg_id++);
      out+=ra.value+"\n";
      out+=rb.value+"\n";
      out+=alloc_reg()+"="+cmd+"("+ra.get_reg()+","+rb.get_reg()+")\n";
      return t_rv{"asm",out};
    }
    t_rv div(t_rv a,t_rv b){
      return rv_do("div",a,b);
    }
    t_rv mul(t_rv a,t_rv b){
      return rv_do("mul",a,b);
    }
    t_rv add(t_rv a,t_rv b){
      return rv_do("add",a,b);
    }
    t_rv sub(t_rv a,t_rv b){
      return rv_do("sub",a,b);
    }
    real v=0;
    t_rv rv;
  };
};

void main_2021(IEnvRTTI&Env){
  //{Sys$$<t_simple_calc>::GetRTTI(Env);};
  t_simple_calc::t_addsub ast;
  string inp;
  std::cin>>inp;
  string input=inp;//"100+2*(10+1*2)+30/2-15-16-3/1+3.14/2.5*1-1000";
  auto ok=load_obj(Env,ast,input);
  int gg=1;
  t_simple_calc_evalutor::t_go go;
  go.Do(ast);
  std::cout<<"Result: "<<go.v<<std::endl<<std::endl;
  string output=join(split(join(split(go.rv.value,"\1"),"r"),"\2"),"");
  std::cout<<output<<std::endl;
  int gg2=2;
}

Код обхода дерева и вычисления результата — это очень наглядный и профессионально сделанный пример реализации интерпретатора для простого калькулятора с генерацией промежуточного кода (ассемблероподобного).

Разбор кода обхода AST и вычисления результата

Структура t_simple_calc_evalutor

Расширяем базовый парсер t_simple_calc, добавляя функциональность вычисления выражения:

struct t_simple_calc_evalutor : t_simple_calc {
  typedef t_simple_calc t_ast;
  struct t_go : i_term_visitor {
    // Реализация обхода различных узлов AST
  };
};
  • t_go — это посетитель, реализующий обход дерева выражения и вычисление значения.

Основные методы обхода

  • Обход термов и полиморфных узлов

void Do(t_term& ref) {
  auto* ptr = ref.value.get();
  ptr->Use(*this);
}

Вы вызывам метод Use у конкретного типа узла, обеспечивая полиморфизм.

  • Обработка чисел

void Do(t_number& ref) {
  rv = t_rv{"imm", ref.value};
  v = std::stod(ref.value);
}

Здесь парсим строковое представление числа в double и сохраняете его.

  • Обработка скобок

void Do(t_scope& ref) {
  Do(ref.value);
}

Просто рекурсивно обрабатываем выражение внутри скобок.

  • Обработка операций умножения и деления

void Do(t_divmul& ref) {
  Do(ref.first);
  auto cur_rv = rv;
  auto cur = v;
  for (auto& ex : ref.arr) {
    Do(ex.expr);
    if ("/" == ex.oper) cur /= v;
    if ("*" == ex.oper) cur *= v;
    cur_rv = ("/" == ex.oper) ? div(cur_rv, rv) : mul(cur_rv, rv);
  }
  v = cur;
  rv = cur_rv;
}
  • Сначала вычисляем первый операнд, затем последовательно применяем операции из массива arr.

  • Параллельно формируем промежуточный код в rv.

  • Обработка операций сложения и вычитания

Аналогично, но с операциями + и -.

Промежуточный код (структура t_rv и методы add, sub, mul, div)

  • t_rv хранит тип результата (imm — immediate, asm — ассемблероподобный код) и строковое представление.

  • Методы add, sub, mul, div генерируют код с регистрами, используя внутреннюю логику выделения и замены регистров.

Это отличное дополнение, показывающее, как можно не только вычислять значение, но и генерировать промежуточный код — важный этап для компиляторов и оптимизаторов.

Пример запуска из main_2021

t_simple_calc::t_addsub ast;
string input;
std::cin >> input;
auto ok = load_obj(Env, ast, input);

t_simple_calc_evalutor::t_go go;
go.Do(ast);

std::cout<<"Result: "<<go.v << std::endl;
std::cout<<join(split(join(split(go.rv.value,"\1"),"r"),"\2"),"")<<std::endl;
  • Загружаем AST из входной строки.

  • Запускаем обход и вычисление.

  • Выводим результат и сгенерированный промежуточный код.

Как парсить более сложные выражения с большим количеством операторов?

Да точно также! Просто набрасываем ещё кучу уровней и пошло поехало. Для того чтобы не ошибиться и не заниматься этим вручную просто пишем скрипт на js который создаёт все необходимые лексеры каждого уровня за нас:

var pad2=num=>(num<10?"0"+num:""+num);
return(
`+,-,!,~
*,/,%
+,-
<<,>>
<,<=,>,>=
==,!=
&
^
|
&&
||`.split("\r").join("").split("\n").map((ops,i)=>{
  var e="t_lev"+pad2(i==1?3:i+3);
  var n="t_lev"+pad2(i+4);
  if(!i){
    return `t_lev03{
  string oper=any_str_from_vec(split(`+JSON.stringify(ops)+`,","))?;
  TAutoPtr<i_expr> expr;
}`;
  }
  var oa=ops.split(",");
  if(oa.length==1){
    return n+`{
  t_oper{"`+oa[0]+`" inline static const string value="`+oa[0]+`";}
  t_item{t_oper oper; `+e+` expr;}
  `+e+` expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}`;
  }
  return n+`{
  t_oper{string value=any_str_from_vec(split("`+ops+`",","));}
  t_item{t_oper oper;`+e+` expr;}
  `+e+` expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}`;
}).join("\n"));

Вот что мы получаем на выходе:

t_lev03{
  string oper=any_str_from_vec(split("+,-,!,~",","))?;
  TAutoPtr<i_expr> expr;
}
t_lev05{
  t_oper{string value=any_str_from_vec(split("*,/,%",","));}
  t_item{t_oper oper;t_lev03 expr;}
  t_lev03 expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}
t_lev06{
  t_oper{string value=any_str_from_vec(split("+,-",","));}
  t_item{t_oper oper;t_lev05 expr;}
  t_lev05 expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}
t_lev07{
  t_oper{string value=any_str_from_vec(split("<<,>>",","));}
  t_item{t_oper oper;t_lev06 expr;}
  t_lev06 expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}
t_lev08{
  t_oper{string value=any_str_from_vec(split("<,<=,>,>=",","));}
  t_item{t_oper oper;t_lev07 expr;}
  t_lev07 expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}
t_lev09{
  t_oper{string value=any_str_from_vec(split("==,!=",","));}
  t_item{t_oper oper;t_lev08 expr;}
  t_lev08 expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}
t_lev10{
  t_oper{"&" inline static const string value="&";}
  t_item{t_oper oper; t_lev09 expr;}
  t_lev09 expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}
t_lev11{
  t_oper{"^" inline static const string value="^";}
  t_item{t_oper oper; t_lev10 expr;}
  t_lev10 expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}
t_lev12{
  t_oper{"|" inline static const string value="|";}
  t_item{t_oper oper; t_lev11 expr;}
  t_lev11 expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}
t_lev13{
  t_oper{"&&" inline static const string value="&&";}
  t_item{t_oper oper; t_lev12 expr;}
  t_lev12 expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}
t_lev14{
  t_oper{"||" inline static const string value="||";}
  t_item{t_oper oper; t_lev13 expr;}
  t_lev13 expr;
  vector<t_item> arr?;
}

Тут мы для некоторых уровней вставляем С++ код объявления заинлайненой константы. Это очень удобно и это единственный вариант когда я одобряю вставку дополнительного С++ кода в лексеры. Так то это ужасно плохая практика.

Дальше пишем вот такой код в интерпретаторе/трансляторе/обходчике и у нас всё чётко - никаких проблем(начинайте смотреть с DoLevel):

template<class TYPE>
void exprUse(TYPE&expr){
  Do(&expr);
}
//template<class TYPE>
void exprUse(TAutoPtr<t_simple_stat_lex::i_expr>&expr){
  QapAssert(expr);
  expr->Use(*this);
}
void call_anyoper(vector<t_expr_value>&values,const string&oper){
  auto params=get_types_from_values(values);
  t_cmd_dev<t_oper_stat> cmddev(values,params,oper);
  bool ok=cmddev.main(dev);
  if(ok)return;
  dev.push_frame();
  weak_call_xxxx<t_oper>(dev,values,oper);
  QapAssert(dev.isRet());
  dev.pop_frame();
}
void call_binoper(const string&oper,t_expr_value&&bef,t_expr_value&&aft){
  dev.push();
  vector<t_expr_value> values;
  values.push_back(std::move(bef));
  values.push_back(std::move(aft));
  call_anyoper(values,oper);
  dev.pop();
}
void call_oneoper(const string&oper,t_expr_value&&value){
  dev.push();
  vector<t_expr_value> values;
  values.push_back(std::move(value));
  call_anyoper(values,oper);
  dev.pop();
}
template<class TYPE>
void DoLevel(TYPE*p)
{
  exprUse(p->expr);
  if(dev.isErr())return;
  auto&arr=p->arr;
  if(arr.empty())return;
  t_expr_value buff=std::move(dev.expr_buff);
  for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++)
  {
    auto&ex=arr[i];
    exprUse(ex.expr);
    if(dev.isErr())return;
    const string&oper=ex.oper.value;
    call_binoper(oper,std::move(buff),std::move(dev.expr_buff));
    if(dev.isErr())return;
    buff=std::move(dev.expr_buff);
    dev.expr_buff.value=nullptr;
  }
  dev.expr_buff=std::move(buff);
}
void Do(t_lev03*p){
  exprUse(p->expr);
  if(dev.isErr())return;
  const auto&oper=p->oper;
  if(oper.empty())return;
  call_oneoper(oper,std::move(dev.expr_buff));
}
void Do(t_lev05*p){DoLevel(p);}
void Do(t_lev06*p){DoLevel(p);}
void Do(t_lev07*p){DoLevel(p);}
void Do(t_lev08*p){DoLevel(p);}
void Do(t_lev09*p){DoLevel(p);}
void Do(t_lev10*p){DoLevel(p);}
void Do(t_lev11*p){DoLevel(p);}
void Do(t_lev12*p){DoLevel(p);}
void Do(t_lev13*p){DoLevel(p);}
void Do(t_lev14*p){DoLevel(p);}

Данный код реализует обход уровней лексера с учётом приоритетов операторов через единый шаблонный метод DoLevel, что минимизирует дублирование логики для разных уровней. Использование шаблонных функций и централизованного вызова call_binoper и call_oneoper позволяет эффективно управлять стеком вызовов и состоянием вычислений в dev. Такой подход обеспечивает модульность, упрощает расширение грамматики новыми операторами и улучшает сопровождение кода за счёт чёткого разделения обязанностей между обходом AST и генерацией промежуточных команд. Это решение соответствует принципам чистой архитектуры и облегчает внедрение новых языковых конструкций в парсер.

Полное описание всех не упомянутых go_* методов

"go_* методы" - это то во что превращается код описания полей вида:

t_some_lexer field=minor<t_major>(); // заменяется на dev.go_minor<t_major>(field);
// или
string var=str<t_some_lexer>(); // это заменяется на dev.go_str<t_some_lexer>(var);
// или
string var=any("?*"); // это заменяется на dev.go_any(var,"?*");

go_minor<t_major>(t_minor&) - этот метод нужен для того чтобы понижать приоритет минора и давать возможность отработать мажору первым в вышестоящем лексере.

go_str<t_lexer>(string&) - этот метод нужен чтобы разобрать лексером t_lexer лексему, а затем сохранить её в строку, чтобы потом удобно ей пользоваться как строкой, а не неудобной веткой/листом.

go_without<t_lexer>(string&) - этот метод нужен чтобы прочитать всё в строку пока t_lexer ничего не может понять/разобрать. очень дорогой метод.

go_vec(vector<t_lexer>&arr,const string&sep) - УГ. не нужен. сами изучайте если интересно.

go_auto(t_lexer&) - ТОП1 метод, настолько крут что используется для всех полей без инициализатора по умолчанию.

Инструкция по установке/запуску/использованию

Как установить/запустить QapGen?

git clone https://github.com/adler3d/QapGen
cd QapGen/stable
chmod +x build.sh
./build.sh
cd Release
./QapGen.elf your_grammar_file.qapdsl.hpp dontoptimize_polymorphs > output.inl

Далее если всё отработало успешно, то подключаете output.inl к своему проекту.

Свой проект можете сделать из простого калькулятор расположенного по адресу:

https://github.com/adler3d/QapGen/tree/master/src/SimpleCalc

Для этого надо открыть файл:

QapGen/src/SimpleCalc/SimpleCalc/SimpleCalc.cpp

И в нём заменить #include "t_simple_calc.inl" на #include "output.inl"

output.inl нужно положить рядом с SimpleCalc.cpp

Далее надо удалить класс t_simple_calc_evalutor и в main_2021 довести код до рабочего. Для этого надо оттуда всё убрать и написать такой код:

string input="your_script_or_code_or_text";
t_your_root_lexer root_lexer;
auto ok=load_obj(root_lexer,input);
if(!ok)return;
// далее используя посетителей обходим дерево хранящееся в root_lexer

Далее надо собрать/скомпилировать SimpleCalc.cpp и запустить прогу:

g++ -O2 -std=c++17 SimpleCalc.cpp -o SimpleCalc.elf
./SimpleCalc.elf

Для тех кто под Windows есть SimpleCalc.sln для MSVS2017 и build.bat в QapGen/src/SimpleCalc

Разбор t_poly_tool — инструмента разрешения конфликтов у полиморфных лексеров

Краткое описание

t_poly_tool — это мощный инструмент для управления конфликтами приоритетов в системе полиморфных лексеров. Он строит граф зависимостей между типами, проверяет наличие циклов и с помощью топологической сортировки формирует корректный порядок обхода. Это позволяет надёжно разрешать конфликты приоритетов и выбирать правильную реализацию при парсинге. Интеграция с шаблоном go_poly обеспечивает динамический выбор подходящего варианта обхода, что значительно упрощает поддержку и расширение грамматики.

Хотеть больше подробностей

Общая идея

t_poly_tool — это конфигурационный инструмент, который управляет зависимостями и приоритетами между различными типами (семействами) в системе лексеров. Он:

  • Загружает и сохраняет конфигурацию из файла config.cfg.

  • Хранит информацию о типах, их связях и событиях, которые отражают зависимости между ними.

  • ...

  • ...

Ключевые компоненты

1. Загрузка и сохранение конфигурации

  • Метод get() — синглтон, который загружает конфиг из файла, либо создаёт новый, если файл отсутствует.

  • Метод save_doc() — сохраняет текущую конфигурацию обратно в файл.

2. Управление списком типов и событий

  • find() — поиск или создание записи по имени типа.

  • get_base_arr() — получение и синхронизация базового массива элементов с входными данными, с сохранением в конфиг при необходимости.

  • get_mass() — получение индекса типа в массиве по имени.

3. Структуры для топологической сортировки и проверки циклов

  • t_point — узел графа зависимостей с входящими и исходящими рёбрами, флагом посещения и группой.

  • t_points — коллекция точек с методами:

    • load_points() — инициализация точек по списку имён типов.

    • load_edges_from_events() — построение рёбер графа из событий зависимостей.

    • isCyclical() — проверка на наличие циклов в графе с помощью обхода в ширину.

    • toList() — построение топологического порядка обхода точек с учётом зависимостей.

4. Управление событиями и перестройка порядка

  • list_apply_events() — статический метод, который принимает список типов и событий, проверяет циклы и возвращает корректный порядок.

  • remake() — перестраивает порядок типов в массиве с учётом событий и сохраняет конфигурацию.

5. Шаблон go_poly — основной механизм обхода полиморфных реализаций

  • Хранит массив результатов обхода (out_arr), ссылку на dev (интерфейс устройства/парсера), ссылку на целевой объект ref и вспомогательные данные.

  • Метод go_for<T>() — пытается выполнить обход конкретного типа T, сохраняя результат и позицию.

  • Метод main() — выбирает наиболее подходящий вариант обхода из множества, используя информацию из конфигурации (t_poly_tool), сортирует по «массе» (приоритету) и позиции, применяет топологический порядок, и устанавливает результат в ref.

Больше техно-жести!!! А ну покажи код!
struct t_poly_tool:public t_config_2013{
  //struct t_lex{
  //  std::function<void(t_poly_tool*)> func;
  //  CharMask m;
  //};
  t_doc doc;
  static t_poly_tool&get(/*IEnvRTTI&Env*/){
    static const string fn="config.cfg";
    static t_poly_tool tool;
    static t_doc&doc=tool.doc;
    static QapClock clock;
    static bool first=true;
    if(first){clock.Start();/*doc.lines.reserve(2048);*/}
    if(clock.MS()<360*1000)if(!first)return tool;
    first=false;
    clock.Stop();clock.Start();
    CrutchIO IO;
    bool ok=IO.LoadFile(fn);
    if(ok){t_doc tmp;doc=std::move(tmp);/*doc.lines.reserve(2048);*/}
    if(!ok){
      IO.mem.clear();
      QapAssert(save_obj(/*Env,*/doc,IO.mem));
      IO.SaveFile(fn);
      return tool;
    }
    clock.Stop();clock.Start();
    QapAssert(load_obj(/*Env,*/doc,IO.mem));clock.Stop();clock.Start();
    real time=clock.MS();
    clock.Stop();clock.Start();
    //doc.lines.reserve(2048);
    return tool;
  }
  void save_doc(/*IEnvRTTI&Env,*/const string&fn){
    CrutchIO IO;
    QapAssert(save_obj(/*Env,*/this->doc,IO.mem));
    IO.SaveFile(fn);
  }
public:
  t_line&find(const string&type){
    auto&arr=doc.lines;
    for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++)
    {
      auto&ex=arr[i];
      if(ex.head==type)return ex;
    }
    arr.push_back(t_line());
    auto&back=arr.back();
    back.head=type;
    return back;
  }
  template<class TYPE>
  vector<t_item>&get_base_arr(/*IEnvRTTI&Env,*/const string&basetype,vector<TYPE>&inp,const vector<string>&types){
    auto&base=find(basetype);
    auto&arr=base.arr;
    if(arr.size()==inp.size())return arr;
    if(arr.size()){
      if(arr.size()!=types.size())QapNoWay();
      for(auto&ex:arr){
        QapAssert(qap_includes(types,ex.type));
      }
      return arr;
    }
    QapAssert(base.arr.empty());
    arr.resize(inp.size());
    for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++){
      auto&ex=arr[i];
      ex.type=inp[i].info;
    }
    save_doc(/*Env,*/"config.cfg");
    return arr;
  }
  static int get_mass(const vector<t_item>&arr,const string&type){
    for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++){
      auto&ex=arr[i];
      if(ex.type==type)return i;
    }
    QapAssert(false);
    return -1;
  }
public:
  struct t_point{
    int id;
    string name;
    vector<int> inp;
    vector<int> out;
    bool passed;
    int group;
  };
public:
  template<class TYPE>
  struct t_out_rec{
    const char*info;
    TAutoPtr<TYPE> object;
    int pos;
    int mass;
    t_out_rec(){pos=-1;mass=-1;}
    t_out_rec(t_out_rec&&ref){info=std::move(ref.info);object=std::move(ref.object);pos=ref.pos;mass=ref.mass;}
  };
public:
  struct t_points{
    vector<t_point> arr;
    t_point&find(const string&name){
      for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++){
        auto&ex=arr[i];
        if(name==ex.name)return ex;
      }
      QapAssert(false);
      return *(t_point*)nullptr;
    }
    void set_passed(bool value){
      for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++){
        auto&ex=arr[i];
        ex.passed=value;
      }
    }
    void load_points(const vector<string>&inp){
      arr.resize(inp.size());
      for(int i=0;i<inp.size();i++){
        auto&ex=inp[i];
        auto&p=arr[i];
        p.name=ex;
        p.id=i;
        p.passed=false;
        p.group=-1;
      }
    }
    void load_edges_from_events(const vector<t_event>&events){
      for(int i=0;i<events.size();i++){
        auto&ex=events[i];
        auto&pa=find(ex.A.type);
        auto&pb=find(ex.B.type);
        pa.inp.push_back(pb.id);
        pb.out.push_back(pa.id);
      }
    }
    struct t_wave{
      t_points&points;
      vector<int> prev;
      vector<int> next;
      int first_id;
      int group;
      bool result;
      void update(int id)
      {
        auto&ex=points.arr[id];
        ex.group=group;
        ex.passed=true;
        auto&arr=ex.out;
        for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++){
          auto&id=arr[i];
          auto&ex=points.arr[id];
          QapAssert(id!=first_id);
          if(first_id==id)result=true;
          next.push_back(ex.id);
        }
      }
      void run()
      {
        points.set_passed(false);
        next.push_back(first_id);
        for(int iter=0;!next.empty();iter++)
        {
          prev=std::move(next);
          for(int i=0;i<prev.size();i++){
            auto&id=prev[i];
            auto&ex=points.arr[id];
            if(ex.passed)continue;
            update(ex.id);
          }
        }
      }
    };
    bool isCyclical(){
      t_wave wave={*this};
      wave.result=false;
      string view;view.resize(arr.size());
      for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++){
        auto&ex=arr[i];
        for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++){view[i]=arr[i].group<0?'N':'0'+arr[i].group;}
        if(ex.group>=0)continue;
        wave.first_id=ex.id;
        wave.group=ex.id;
        wave.run();
      }
      return wave.result;
    }
    vector<string> toList(){
      vector<string> out;
      set_passed(false);
      vector<int> heads;
      for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++){
        auto&ex=arr[i];
        if(!ex.out.empty())continue;
        heads.push_back(ex.id);
      }
      vector<int> next;
      for(int iter=0;!heads.empty();iter++)
      {
        vector<int> next_heads;
        for(int i=0;i<heads.size();i++){
          auto&id=heads[i];
          auto&ex=arr[id];
          auto&inp=ex.inp;
          for(int i=0;i<inp.size();i++){
            auto&id=inp[i];
            auto&ex=arr[id];
            if(ex.passed)continue;
            bool found=false;
            for(int i=0;i<next_heads.size();i++)if(next_heads[i]==ex.id)found=true;
            if(found)continue;
            next_heads.push_back(ex.id);
          }
        }
        for(int i=0;i<next_heads.size();i++){
          auto&id=next_heads[i];
          auto&ex=arr[id];
          auto&out=ex.out;
          bool ok=true;
          for(int i=0;i<out.size();i++){
            auto&id=out[i];
            for(int i=0;i<next_heads.size();i++){
              if(next_heads[i]==id)ok=false;
            }
          }
          if(!ok)continue;
          next.push_back(ex.id);
        }
        for(int i=0;i<next.size();i++){
          auto&id=next[i];
          auto&ex=arr[id];
          ex.passed=true;
        }
        std::sort(heads.begin(),heads.end());
        for(int i=0;i<heads.size();i++){
          auto&id=heads[i];
          auto&ex=arr[id];
          out.push_back(ex.name);
        }
        heads=std::move(next);
      }
      return out;
    }
  };
public:
  typedef t_config_2013::t_event t_event;
  typedef t_config_2013::t_item t_item;
  static vector<string> list_apply_events(const vector<string>&arr,vector<t_event>&events){
    t_points points;
    points.load_points(arr);
    points.load_edges_from_events(events);
    bool ok=!points.isCyclical();
    QapAssert(ok);
    auto list=points.toList();
    return list;
  }
  void remake(vector<t_item>&points,vector<t_event>&events){
    vector<string> arr;
    arr.resize(points.size());
    for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++){
      arr[i]=points[i].type;
    }
    auto out=list_apply_events(arr,events);
    QapAssert(out.size()==points.size());
    for(int i=0;i<arr.size();i++){
      points[i].type=out[i];
    }
  }
public:
  template<class TYPE>
  struct go_poly{
    vector<t_out_rec<TYPE>>&out_arr;
    i_dev&dev;
    TAutoPtr<TYPE>&ref;
    t_fallback&scope;
    int&count;
    int&first_id;
    const string&strbasetype;
    //IEnvRTTI&Env;
    struct t_lex{
      const char*pname=nullptr;
      std::function<void(typename TYPE::t_poly_impl*)> func;
      CharMask m;
    };
    template<class T>
    void go_for(){
      t_fallback scope(dev,__FUNCTION__);
      T tmp;
      scope.ok=tmp.go(dev);
      t_out_rec<TYPE> rec;
      static const string strtype=T::ProxySys$$::GetFullName();
      rec.info=strtype.c_str();
      if(scope.ok)
      {
        rec.object=make_unique<T>(std::move(tmp));
        //auto*p=rec.object.get();
        //*p=std::move(tmp);
        if(!count)first_id=out_arr.size();
        count++;
      }
      dev.getPos(rec.pos);
      out_arr.push_back(std::move(rec));
      scope.ok=false;
    }
    template<size_t N=0>
    void main(array<t_lex,N>*plexs=nullptr)
    {
      typedef t_poly_tool::t_out_rec<TYPE> t_out_rec;
      if(!count){scope.ok=false;return;}
      auto use=[this](t_out_rec&ex){
        QapAssert(ex.object);
        ref=std::move(ex.object);
        dev.setPos(ex.pos);
        scope.ok=true;
      };
      if(count==1)
      {
        auto&ex=out_arr[first_id];
        use(ex);
        return;
      }
      #ifndef QAP_POLY_TOOL_DEBUG
      auto id=QAP_MINVAL_ID_OF_VEC(out_arr,-ex.pos);
      use(out_arr[id]);
      return;
      #endif
      auto&tool=t_poly_tool::get(/*Env*/);
      static vector<string> types;
      if(types.empty()&&plexs){
        for(auto&ex:*plexs)types.push_back(ex.pname);
      }
      auto&arr=tool.get_base_arr(/*Env,*/strbasetype,out_arr,types);
      vector<t_out_rec> out;
      auto update_mass=[&](){
        for(int i=0;i<out.size();i++){
          auto&ex=out[i];
          ex.mass=t_poly_tool::get_mass(arr,ex.info);
        }
      };
      for(int i=0;i<out_arr.size();i++){
        auto&ex=out_arr[i];
        if(!ex.object)continue;
        out.push_back(std::move(ex));
      }
      update_mass();
      vector<int> idarr;idarr.resize(out.size());
      for(int i=0;i<out.size();i++){idarr[i]=i;}
      if(true)
      {
        auto comp_pos=[&out](const int&a,const int&b)->bool{return out[a].pos>out[b].pos;};
        std::sort(std::begin(idarr),std::end(idarr),comp_pos);
        QapAssert(out[idarr[0]].pos>out[idarr[1]].pos);
        int fix_count=0;
        for(int i=1;i<out.size();i++){
          auto&pa=idarr[i-1];
          auto&pb=idarr[i-0];
          auto&a=out[pa];
          auto&b=out[pb];
          //if(a.mass<b.mass)continue;
          auto&base=tool.find(strbasetype);
          auto&events=base.events;
          auto find_event=[&events](const string&a,const string&b)->bool{
            for(int i=0;i<events.size();i++){
              if(events[i].A.type!=a)continue;
              if(events[i].B.type!=b)continue;
              return true;
            }
            return false;
          };
          bool flag_ab=find_event(a.info,b.info);
          bool flag_ba=find_event(b.info,a.info);
          QapAssert(!flag_ba);
          if(flag_ab)continue;
          events.push_back(t_config_2013::t_event());
          auto&back=events.back();
          back.time=cur_date_str();
          back.A.pos=IToS(a.pos);
          back.A.type=a.info;
          back.B.pos=IToS(b.pos);
          back.B.type=b.info;
          fix_count++;
        }
        if(fix_count){
          auto&base=tool.find(strbasetype);
          auto&events=base.events;
          tool.remake(base.arr,events);
          tool.save_doc(/*Env,*/"config.cfg");
          update_mass();
        }
      }
      auto comp_func=[&out](const int&a,const int&b)->bool{return out[a].mass<out[b].mass;};
      std::sort(std::begin(idarr),std::end(idarr),comp_func);
      QapAssert(out[idarr[0]].mass<out[idarr[1]].mass);
      for(int i=1;i<out.size();i++){
        auto&pa=idarr[i-1];
        auto&pb=idarr[i-0];
        auto&a=out[pa];
        auto&b=out[pb];
        if(a.pos>b.pos)continue;
        string msg="wrong mass for:\n";
        msg+="a.info = "+string(a.info)+"\n";
        msg+="a.pos = "+IToS(a.pos)+"\n";
        msg+="b.info = "+string(b.info)+"\n";
        msg+="b.pos = "+IToS(b.pos)+"\n";
        QapDebugMsg(msg);
      }
      use(out[idarr[0]]);
    }
  };
};

Разбор кода, оптимизирующего код полиморфных лексеров

Технический разбор функции lexer2vecofchar

Назначение

Функция lexer2vecofchar принимает объект лексера и возвращает строку символов (string), которая представляет собой множество ожидаемых символов для данного лексера. Эта строка используется для оптимизации разбора — чтобы быстро понимать, какие символы допустимы на текущем уровне.

Основная логика

  1. Обработка интерфейсных лексеров

if(lexer.is_interface){
  return polylexer2vecofchar(lexer);
}

Если лексер — интерфейсный (полиморфный), делегируем обработку специализированной функции polylexer2vecofchar.

  1. Обход команд лексера

for(auto& c : lexer.cmds){
  auto& fields = lexer.farr;
  t_struct_cmd cmd;
  QapAssert(load_obj(cmd, c));
  ...
}
  • Каждая команда лексера (cmd) загружается из сериализованного представления.

  • Анализируем функцию cmd.func.value — имя метода go_*, который реализует логику разбора.

  1. Обработка конкретных go_* методов

  • go_const — возвращает один первый символ, который лексер ожидает.

  • go_any / go_any_char — собирает множество символов, которые лексер может принять, используя функцию collect_expected_chars.

  • go_any_str_from_vec — аналогично, но для строк из вектора.

  • go_auto — рекурсивно обрабатывает вложенные лексеры, выдирая их типы из описания полей. Грамотно обрабатывает случаи с (TAutoPtr, vector).

  • go_str / go_vec — работает с шаблонными параметрами, извлекая вложенные лексеры и объединяя их множества символов.

  • go_minor — реализует понижение приоритета вложенного лексера и объединяет множества символов с учётом исключений. // пока без учёта исключений ибо сложно.

  1. Оптимизация и объединение множеств символов

  • Используется множество символов (string out), которое постепенно расширяется символами из вложенных лексеров.

  • Проверки и ассерты гарантируют корректность типов и структур.

  1. Обработка ошибок и неподдерживаемых функций

Если встречается неизвестный go_* метод — выводится отладочное сообщение.

Посмотреть исходники lexer2vecofchar
string lexer2vecofchar(const t_lexer&lexer)const{
  if(lexer.is_interface){
    return polylexer2vecofchar(lexer);
  }
  string out;
  for(auto&c:lexer.cmds){
    auto&fields=lexer.farr;
    t_struct_cmd cmd;
    QapAssert(load_obj(cmd,c));
    auto*p=t_struct_cmd_mode::UberCast(cmd.mode.get());
    //QapAssert(p);
    bool opt=p?p->body=='O':false;
    auto fn=cmd.func.value;
    if(fn=="go_const"){
      QapAssert(cmd.params.arr.size()==1);
      auto s=cmd.params.arr[0].body;
      QapAssert(s.size()>2);
      //TAutoPtr<vector<i_str_item>> si;//load_obj(si,s);
      auto bs=BinString::fullCppStr2RawStr(s);
      out.push_back(bs[0]);
      QapAssert(!opt);
      return out;
      int gg=1;
    }
    auto bad_type_checker=[](auto&lex,const string&type){
      string s=lex2str(*lex.get());
      return s.substr(0,type.size())==type;
    };
    if(fn=="go_any"||fn=="go_any_char"){
      QapAssert(cmd.params.arr.size()==2);
      auto&cpa0b=cmd.params.arr[0].body;
      auto&f=find_field(lexer,cpa0b);
      if(fn=="go_any")QapAssert(bad_type_checker(f.type,"string"));
      if(fn=="go_any_char")QapAssert(bad_type_checker(f.type,"char"));
      auto p0=cmd.params.arr[0].body;
      auto p1=cmd.params.arr[1].body;// выражение типа gen_dips("09")+"str"+"other_str"
      t_cmd_param p1p;
      QapAssert(load_obj(p1p,p1));
      collect_expected_chars(p1p,out);
      if(opt)continue;
      return out;
    }
    if(fn=="go_any_str_from_vec"){
      QapAssert(cmd.params.arr.size()==2);
      auto&cpa0b=cmd.params.arr[0].body;
      auto&f=find_field(lexer,cpa0b);
      QapAssert(bad_type_checker(f.type,"string"));
      auto p0=cmd.params.arr[0].body;
      auto p1=cmd.params.arr[1].body;// выражение типа split("0,9",",")
      t_cmd_param p1p;
      QapAssert(load_obj(p1p,p1));
      collect_expected_chars(p1p,out,true);
      if(opt)continue;
      return out;
    }
    if(fn=="go_end"){
      QapAssert(cmd.params.arr.size()==1);
      auto&cpa0b=cmd.params.arr[0].body;
      auto&f=find_field(lexer,cpa0b);
      auto p0=cmd.params.arr[0].body;
      auto p1=cmd.params.arr[1].body;
      auto p1s=BinString::fullCppStr2RawStr(p1);
      if(p1s.size()==1)QapDebugMsg("use go_any(dip_inv("+p1+")) instead of go_end("+p1+")");
      QapDebugMsg("go_end with str - under construction");
    }
    typedef t_cppcore::t_varcall_expr::t_var t_var;
    auto tp2var=[](const auto&tp,t_var&out){
      auto*ptp=t_cppcore::t_varcall_expr::t_template_part::UberCast(tp.get());
      string s;save_obj(ptp->expr,s);
      QapAssert(load_obj(out,s));
    };
    struct t_for_autoptr_r{
      bool con=false;
      bool ret=false;
    };
    auto for_autoptr=[&](const t_var&var,const string&tpn)->t_for_autoptr_r{
      if(tpn!="TAutoPtr")return {};
      t_var inner_param;
      tp2var(var.tp,inner_param);
      auto inner_pn=inner_param.name.value;
      vector<string> ftn;
      if(inner_param.tp){
        auto*p=t_cppcore::t_varcall_expr::t_dd_part::UberCast(inner_param.tp.get());
        QapAssert(p);
        auto&arr=p->arr;
        for(auto&ex:arr){
          ftn.push_back(ex.name.value);
        }
      }
      string ln=inner_pn+(ftn.size()?"::":"")+join(ftn,"::");
      auto*pl_inner=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(ln,lexer);
      QapAssert(pl_inner);
      auto nested_chars=lexer2vecofchar(*pl_inner);
      QapAssert(!nested_chars.empty());
      out+=nested_chars;
      if(!opt)return {false,true};
      return {true,false};
    };
    if(fn=="go_auto"){
      QapAssert(cmd.params.arr.size()==1);
      auto&cpa0b=cmd.params.arr[0].body;
      auto&f=find_field(lexer,cpa0b);
      auto*pvc=t_cppcore::t_varcall_expr::UberCast(f.type.get());
      QapAssert(pvc);
      auto&v=pvc->var;
      if(v.name.value=="TAutoPtr"){
        auto r=for_autoptr(v,v.name.value);
        if(r.ret)return out;
        if(r.con)continue;
      }
      if(v.name.value=="vector"){
        QapAssert(v.tp);
        t_var template_param;
        tp2var(v.tp,template_param);
        auto tpn=template_param.name.value;
        QapAssert(tpn!="vector");
        auto r=for_autoptr(template_param,tpn);
        if(r.ret)return out;
        if(r.con)continue;
        auto*pl=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(tpn,lexer);
        QapAssert(pl);
        out+=lexer2vecofchar(*pl);
        if(!opt)return out;
        continue;
      }
      auto*pl=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(v.name.value,lexer);
      QapAssert(pl);
      out+=lexer2vecofchar(*pl);
      if(!opt)return out;
      continue;
    }
    if(fn=="go_str"||fn=="go_vec"){
      QapAssert(cmd.params.arr.size()==1);
      auto&cpa0b=cmd.params.arr[0].body;
      auto&f=find_field(lexer,cpa0b);
      auto*pvc=t_cppcore::t_varcall_expr::UberCast(f.type.get());
      QapAssert(pvc);
      auto&v=pvc->var;
      if(fn=="go_str"&&v.name.value!="string")QapDebugMsg("go_str support only string type of field");
      QapAssert(cmd.templ_params.size());
      TAutoPtr<t_templ_params> tp;
      QapAssert(load_obj(tp,cmd.templ_params));
      QapAssert(tp->body.size());
      TAutoPtr<t_type_templ_params> ttp;
      QapAssert(load_obj(ttp,tp->body));
      QapAssert(ttp);
      QapAssert(ttp->first.body);
      auto*ptit=t_meta_lexer::t_type_item_type::UberCast(ttp->first.body.get());
      QapAssert(ptit);
      if(ptit->type.value=="vector"||ptit->type.value=="TAutoPtr"){
        QapAssert(ptit->param);
        auto*ptta=t_meta_lexer::t_type_templ_angle::UberCast(ptit->param->body.get());
        QapAssert(ptta);
        QapAssert(ptta->params);
        QapAssert(ptta->params->first.body);
        auto*ptit2=t_type_item_type::UberCast(ptta->params->first.body.get());
        QapAssert(ptit2);
        if(ptit2->param){
          QapAssert(ptit2->type.value=="TAutoPtr");
          auto*ptta=t_meta_lexer::t_type_templ_angle::UberCast(ptit2->param->body.get());
          QapAssert(ptta);
          QapAssert(ptta->params);
          QapAssert(ptta->params->first.body);
          auto*ptit3=t_type_item_type::UberCast(ptta->params->first.body.get());
          if(ptit3->param)QapDebugMsg("unexpected param:"+lex2str(ptit3->param)+"\nin:"+cmd.templ_params);
          QapAssert(!ptit3->param);
          auto*pl=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(ptit3->type.value,lexer);
          QapAssert(pl);
          out+=lexer2vecofchar(*pl);
          if(opt)continue;
          return out;
        }
        auto*pl=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(ptit2->type.value,lexer);
        QapAssert(pl);
        out+=lexer2vecofchar(*pl);
        if(opt)continue;
        return out;
      }
      QapAssert(!ptit->param);
      auto*pl=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(ptit->type.value,lexer);
      QapAssert(pl);
      out+=lexer2vecofchar(*pl);
      if(opt)continue;
      return out;
    }
    if(fn=="go_minor"){
      QapAssert(cmd.params.arr.size()==1);
      auto&cpa0b=cmd.params.arr[0].body;
      auto&f=find_field(lexer,cpa0b);
      auto*pvc=t_cppcore::t_varcall_expr::UberCast(f.type.get());
      QapAssert(pvc);
      auto&v=pvc->var;
      if(v.name.value=="string")QapDebugMsg("go_diff dont support string type of field");
      struct t_for_autoptr_r2{
        bool con=false;
        bool ret=false;
        bool pass()const{return !con&&!ret;}
        string out;
      };
      auto for_autoptr2=[&](const t_var&var,const string&tpn)->t_for_autoptr_r2{
        if(tpn!="TAutoPtr")return {};
        t_var inner_param;
        tp2var(var.tp,inner_param);
        auto inner_pn=inner_param.name.value;
        auto*pl_inner=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(inner_pn,lexer);
        QapAssert(pl_inner);
        auto nested_chars=lexer2vecofchar(*pl_inner);
        QapAssert(!nested_chars.empty());
        if(!opt)return {false,true,nested_chars};
        return {true,false,nested_chars};
      };
      string our;bool template_lexer=false;
      if(v.name.value=="TAutoPtr"){
        auto r=for_autoptr2(v,v.name.value);
        our+=r.out;
        template_lexer=true;
        //if(r.ret)return out;
        //if(r.con)continue;
      }
      if(v.name.value=="vector"){
        template_lexer=true;
        QapAssert(v.tp);
        t_var template_param;
        tp2var(v.tp,template_param);
        auto tpn=template_param.name.value;
        QapAssert(tpn!="vector");
        auto r=for_autoptr2(template_param,tpn);
        our+=r.out;
        if(r.pass()){
          auto*pl=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(tpn,lexer);
          QapAssert(pl);
          our+=lexer2vecofchar(*pl);
          //if(!opt)return out;
          //continue;
        }
      }
      if(!template_lexer){
        auto*pl=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(v.name.value,lexer);
        QapAssert(pl);
        our+=lexer2vecofchar(*pl);
      }
      out+=our;
      if(opt)continue;
      return out;
      // unreachable code now because of wrong hi-level semantic logic. minus is not acceptable in most complex cases
      auto minus=[](const string&our,const string&major){
        auto m=CharMask::fromStr(our,true);
        auto e=CharMask::fromStr(major,true);
        string out;
        for(size_t i=0;i<256;i++)if(!e.mask[i]&&m.mask[i])out.push_back(static_cast<char>(i));
        return out;
      };
      string major;
      //---
      QapAssert(cmd.templ_params.size());
      TAutoPtr<t_templ_params> tp;
      QapAssert(load_obj(tp,cmd.templ_params));
      QapAssert(tp->body.size());
      TAutoPtr<t_type_templ_params> ttp;
      QapAssert(load_obj(ttp,tp->body));
      QapAssert(ttp);
      QapAssert(ttp->first.body);
      auto*ptit=t_meta_lexer::t_type_item_type::UberCast(ttp->first.body.get());
      QapAssert(ptit);
      if(ptit->type.value=="vector"||ptit->type.value=="TAutoPtr"){
        QapAssert(ptit->param);
        auto*ptta=t_meta_lexer::t_type_templ_angle::UberCast(ptit->param->body.get());
        QapAssert(ptta);
        QapAssert(ptta->params);
        QapAssert(ptta->params->first.body);
        auto*ptit2=t_type_item_type::UberCast(ptta->params->first.body.get());
        QapAssert(ptit2);
        if(ptit2->param){
          QapAssert(ptit2->type.value=="TAutoPtr");
          auto*ptta=t_meta_lexer::t_type_templ_angle::UberCast(ptit->param->body.get());
          QapAssert(ptta);
          QapAssert(ptta->params);
          QapAssert(ptta->params->first.body);
          auto*ptit3=t_type_item_type::UberCast(ptta->params->first.body.get());
          QapAssert(!ptit3->param);
          auto*pl=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(ptit3->type.value,lexer);
          QapAssert(pl);
          major+=lexer2vecofchar(*pl);
          out+=minus(our,major);
          if(opt)continue;
          return out;
        }
        auto*pl=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(ptit2->type.value,lexer);
        QapAssert(pl);
        major+=lexer2vecofchar(*pl);
        out+=minus(our,major);
        if(opt)continue;
        return out;
      }
      QapAssert(!ptit->param);
      auto*pl=find_lexer_by_name_but_relative(ptit->type.value,lexer);
      QapAssert(pl);
      major+=lexer2vecofchar(*pl);
      out+=minus(our,major);
      if(opt)continue;
      return out;
    }
    QapDebugMsg("unsupported go_* method: "+fn);
    int gg_cmds=1;
  }
  return out;
}

Почему это круто и важно для статьи

  • Глубокая интеграция с типовой системой — функция учитывает сложные типы (TAutoPtr, vector), что показывает мощь и гибкость этой системы.

  • Оптимизация разбора — формирование множества ожидаемых символов позволяет значительно ускорить парсинг, избегая лишних попыток.

  • Рекурсивный и полиморфный подход — лексеры могут содержать вложенные лексеры, и функция умеет корректно обходить эту структуру.

  • Чёткая и строгая проверка корректности — множество QapAssert и отладочных сообщений помогает быстро выявлять ошибки.

Краткое резюме

Функция lexer2vecofchar — ключевой компонент оптимизации полиморфных лексеров, который строит множество допустимых символов для текущего лексера, учитывая вложенные структуры и типы. Это позволяет эффективно фильтровать входные данные на раннем этапе разбора, повышая производительность и надёжность парсера. Благодаря строгому контролю типов и рекурсивной обработке, функция обеспечивает корректную работу даже с самыми сложными грамматиками.

Советы и рекомендации по расширению и отладке грамматик

"Разделитель" как самый популярный лексер, нужно вставлять после каких-нибудь других
лексеров в списке полей вышестоящего лексера, а не впереди всех, т.к тогда возможны конфликты. Особенно если вышестоящий лексер полиморфный. Это касается не только "разделителя", а всех других опциональных лексеров.
особенно если в двух и более полиморфных лексера одного семейства вначале используется общий для них всех лексер/go_*метод.

Разбор кода t_class_def_fixer

Назначение

t_class_def_fixer — это двойной посетитель (visitor), который проходит по структуре, описывающей грамматику QapDSL, и выполняет две ключевые модификации:

  1. Заменяет символ => (стрелочку) на : (двоеточие) в описании лексеров.
    Это упрощает и унифицирует синтаксис, делая его более читаемым и однородным.

  2. Удаляет встроенный C++ код, который идёт в конце описания лексеров, если он не содержит определённой строки.
    Это позволяет очистить описание лексеров от лишнего кода, если он не нужен, и избежать потенциальных конфликтов.

Основные компоненты и методы

Наследование и макросы

struct t_class_def_fixer:
  t_templ_sys_v04,
  t_meta_lexer::i_target_item_visitor,
  t_meta_lexer::t_target_struct::i_struct_impl::i_visitor
{
  #define ADD(F)typedef t_meta_lexer::F F;
    ADD(t_target_semicolon)
    ADD(t_target_sep)
    ADD(t_target_struct)
    ADD(t_target_using)
    ADD(t_target_typedef)
    ADD(i_target_item)
  #undef ADD
  ...
};
  • Класс наследует несколько интерфейсов и системных классов для обхода и модификации дерева грамматики.

  • Макрос ADD упрощает объявление типов из пространства имён t_meta_lexer, облегчая дальнейшую работу.

Универсальные методы обхода

template<class TYPE>
void Do(TYPE*p){if(p)Do(*p);}
template<class TYPE>
void Do(TYPE&r){r.Use(*this);}
template<class TYPE>
void Do(vector<TYPE>&arr){for(auto&ex:arr)Do(&ex);}
template<class TYPE>
void Do(vector<TAutoPtr<TYPE>>&arr){for(auto&ex:arr)if(ex)Do(*ex.get());}
template<class TYPE>
void Do(TAutoPtr<TYPE>&r){if(r)Do(*r.get());}
  • Универсальные шаблонные методы Do обеспечивают рекурсивный обход узлов и коллекций узлов дерева грамматики.

  • Это стандартный приём для реализации паттерна посетителя, позволяющий легко расширять обход без дублирования кода.

Обработка тела с реализацией (t_body_impl)

void Do(t_body_impl&r)override{
  if(cppcode_killer){
    if(lex2str(r.c).find("inline static const string value=\"")==string::npos){
      r.c=nullptr; // убиваем C++ код идущий в конце описания lexer`а
    }
  }
  Do(r.nested);
}
  • Если включён флаг cppcode_killer, и в коде r.c нет строки "inline static const string value=\"", то содержимое r.c удаляется.

  • Таким образом, удаляется «лишний» C++ код, оставляя только важные константы.

  • Затем рекурсивно обрабатываются вложенные лексерыr.nested.

Замена стрелочки на двоеточие

void Do(t_target_struct::t_parent&r){
  if(r.arrow_or_colon.size()) r.arrow_or_colon=":";
}
  • Если у родителя (t_parent) есть символ arrow_or_colon (который может быть => или :), он заменяется на двоеточие :.

  • Это делает синтаксис похожим на С++ и исправляет эту досадную ошибку из QapDSLv1

Обход других узлов

void Do(t_target_struct&r)override{
  Do(r.parent);
  Do(r.body);
}
void Do(t_target_semicolon&r)override{}
void Do(t_target_sep&r)override{}
void Do(t_target_using&r)override{}
void Do(t_target_typedef&r)override{}
  • Для структур вызывается обход родителя и тела.

  • Для остальных типов — пустая реализация, так как модификации не требуются.

Основной метод запуска

string main(const string&data){
  t_target tar;
  auto fs=load_obj_full(tar,data);
  if(!fs.ok){cerr<<fs.msg<<endl;return "fail";}
  if(tar.arr.empty()){return "!target\n\n"+fs.msg;}
  for(auto&ex:tar.arr){
    auto*p=ex.get();
    p->Use(*this);
  }
  string out;
  save_obj(tar,out);
  return out;
}
  • Загружает исходный QapDSL-код в объект tar.

  • Если загрузка не удалась или пустой результат — возвращает ошибку.

  • Итерируется по всем элементам и применяет к ним посетителя (Use(*this)), вызывая модификации.

  • Сохраняет изменённый объект обратно в строку и возвращает результат.

Итог

t_class_def_fixer — компактный и эффективный инструмент для постобработки QapDSL-кода, который обеспечивает:

  • Унификацию синтаксиса через замену стрелочек на двоеточия.

  • Очистку описаний лексеров от лишнего C++ кода, что упрощает дальнейшую работу и снижает шум.

  • Гибкий и рекурсивный обход дерева грамматики с помощью шаблонных методов и паттерна посетителя.

Этот класс отлично демонстрирует, как можно аккуратно и безопасно модифицировать сложные структуры грамматик, сохраняя при этом читаемость и расширяемость кода.

Подробный разбор структуры t_qapdls_v1_to_v2, которая реализует конвертер кода QapDSL в QapDSLv2.

Общее назначение

  • Перевести синтаксис и семантику старой версии в новую, более короткую и удобную.

  • ...

  • Profit!

Ключевые части и методы

Наследование и макросы

struct t_qapdls_v1_to_v2:
  t_templ_sys_v04,
  t_meta_lexer::i_target_item_visitor,
  t_meta_lexer::t_target_struct::i_struct_impl::i_visitor,
  t_meta_lexer::i_struct_cmd_xxxx::i_visitor
{
  #define ADD(F)typedef t_meta_lexer::F F;
    ADD(t_target_semicolon)
    ADD(t_target_sep)
    ADD(t_target_struct)
    ADD(t_target_using)
    ADD(t_target_typedef)
    ADD(i_target_item)
    ADD(t_struct_cmd_mode)
    ADD(t_struct_cmd_anno)
  #undef ADD
  ...
};

...

Обработка команд лексера (t_body_impl)

void Do(t_body_impl&r)override{
  Do(r.nested);
  if(!r.cmds)return;
  auto&arr=r.cmds->arr;
  vector<string> fields;
  for(auto&ex:arr){
    opt=false;
    if(ex.body.mode)Do(ex.body.mode.get());
    auto&f=ex.body.func.value;
    QapAssert(f.size()>3&&f.substr(0,3)=="go_");
    auto res=f.substr(3);
    auto&params=ex.body.params.arr;
    QapAssert(params.size());
    string pad;
    string pad2;
    for(int i=0;i<lexers.size();i++)pad+="  ";
    for(int i=1;i<lexers.size();i++)pad2+="  ";
    
    if(res=="const"){
      fields.push_back("\n"+pad+params[0].body+"\n"+pad2);
      continue;
    }
    
    auto&src=find_field(r.arr,params[0].body);
    
    if(res=="auto"){
      src.qst=nullptr;
      if(opt)load_obj(src.qst,"?");
      fields.push_back("\n"+pad+lex2str(src)+"\n"+pad2);
      continue;
    }
    
    vector<string> sparams;
    for(int i=1;i<params.size();i++){
      sparams.push_back(params[i].body);
    }
    
    fields.push_back("\n"+pad+lex2str(src.type)+""+src.name.value+"="+res+ex.body.templ_params+"("+join(sparams,",")+")"+string(opt?"?":"")+";\n"+pad2);
  }
  r.arr.clear();
  auto mem=join(fields,"");
  t_load_dev dev(mem);
  bool ok=dev.go_auto(r.arr);
  QapAssert(ok);
  r.cmds=nullptr;
}
  • Обрабатывает команды go_* в теле лексера.

  • Для каждой команды:

    • Определяет режим opt (опциональность).

    • Извлекает имя функции без префикса go_ (field).

    • Находит соответствующее поле в структуре по имени.

    • Формирует новую строку с описанием поля в формате QapDSLv2.

  • Собирает все преобразованные поля в строку, затем парсит её обратно в структуру r.arr. // вы только посмотрите на эту наглую вольность! Жертвовать производительностью ради красивой архитектуры!

  • Удаляет команды r.cmds.

Вспомогательные методы

bool opt=false;

void Do(t_struct_cmd_mode&r){opt=r.body=='O';}
void Do(t_struct_cmd_anno&r){opt=r.mode[0]=='o';if(r.mode.size()>1)opt=r.mode[1]=='o';}

t_struct_field& find_field(const vector<TAutoPtr<i_struct_field>>&arr,const std::string&name) const {
  for(auto&ex:arr){
    auto*pf=t_struct_field::UberCast(ex.get());
    QapAssert(pf);
    if(pf->name.value==name) return *pf;
  }
  QapDebugMsg("can't find field '"+name+"' inside lexer '"+lexers.back()+"'");
  static t_struct_field tmp;
  return tmp;
}
  • Переменная opt хранит состояние опциональности текущей команды.

  • Методы Do для t_struct_cmd_mode и t_struct_cmd_anno устанавливают opt в зависимости от модификаторов.

  • Метод find_field ищет поле по имени в массиве полей, с отладочным сообщением при отсутствии.

Обход лексеров с запоминание уровней вложенности.

vector<string> lexers;
void Do(t_target_struct&r){
  lexers.push_back(r.name.value);
  Do(r.parent);
  Do(r.body);
  lexers.pop_back();
}
  • Ведёт стек имён лексеров для контекста при поиске полей.

Основной метод запуска

string main(const string&data){
  t_target tar;
  auto fs=load_obj_full(tar,data);
  if(!fs.ok){cerr<<fs.msg<<endl;return "fail";}
  if(tar.arr.empty()){return "!target\n\n"+fs.msg;}
  for(auto&ex:tar.arr){
    auto*p=ex.get();
    p->Use(*this);
  }
  string out;
  save_obj(tar,out);
  return out;
}

Итог

t_qapdls_v1_to_v2 — это мощный и аккуратный конвертер, который:

  • Автоматически преобразует старый синтаксис и структуру QapDSLv1 в новую, более лаконичную и современную QapDSLv2.

  • Упрощает описание лексеров, команд и полей, сохраняя при этом семантику.

  • Позволяет легко мигрировать и использовать преимущества нового синтаксиса без ручной переработки.

  • Показывает как на самом деле надо обходить дерево для его удобной модификации! Это одна из лучших практик!

Весь код целиком
struct t_qapdls_v1_to_v2:
  t_templ_sys_v04,
  t_meta_lexer::i_target_item_visitor,
  t_meta_lexer::t_target_struct::i_struct_impl::i_visitor,
  t_meta_lexer::i_struct_cmd_xxxx::i_visitor
{
  #define ADD(F)typedef t_meta_lexer::F F;
    ADD(t_target_semicolon)\
    ADD(t_target_sep)\
    ADD(t_target_struct)\
    ADD(t_target_using)\
    ADD(t_target_typedef)\
    ADD(i_target_item)\
    ADD(t_struct_cmd_mode)\
    ADD(t_struct_cmd_anno)\
      //
  #undef ADD
  template<class TYPE>
  void Do(TYPE*p){if(p)Do(*p);}
  template<class TYPE>
  void Do(TYPE&r){r.Use(*this);}
  template<class TYPE>
  void Do(vector<TYPE>&arr){for(auto&ex:arr)Do(&ex);}
  template<class TYPE>
  void Do(vector<TAutoPtr<TYPE>>&arr){for(auto&ex:arr)if(ex)Do(*ex.get());}
  template<class TYPE>
  void Do(TAutoPtr<TYPE>&r){if(r)Do(*r.get());}
  //template<class TYPE>
  void Do(t_body_semicolon&r)override{}
  bool opt=false;
  void Do(t_struct_cmd_mode&r){opt=r.body=='O';}
  void Do(t_struct_cmd_anno&r){opt=r.mode[0]=='o';if(r.mode.size()>1)opt=r.mode[1]=='o';}
  t_struct_field&find_field(const vector<TAutoPtr<i_struct_field>>&arr,const std::string&name)const{
    for(auto&ex:arr){
      auto*pf=t_struct_field::UberCast(ex.get());
      QapAssert(pf);
      if(pf->name.value==name)return *pf;
    }
    QapDebugMsg("can't find field '"+name+"' inside lexer '"+lexers.back()+"'");
    static t_struct_field tmp;
    return tmp;
  }
  void Do(t_body_impl&r)override{
    Do(r.nested);
    if(!r.cmds)return;
    auto&arr=r.cmds->arr;
    vector<string> fields;
    for(auto&ex:arr){
      opt=false;
      if(ex.body.mode)Do(ex.body.mode.get());
      auto&f=ex.body.func.value;
      QapAssert(f.size()>3&&f.substr(0,3)=="go_");
      auto res=f.substr(3);
      auto&params=ex.body.params.arr;
      QapAssert(params.size());
      string pad;
      string pad2;
      for(int i=0;i<lexers.size();i++)pad+="  ";
      for(int i=1;i<lexers.size();i++)pad2+="  ";
      if(res=="const"){
        fields.push_back("\n"+pad+params[0].body+"\n"+pad2);
        continue;
      }
      auto&src=find_field(r.arr,params[0].body);
      if(res=="auto"){
        src.qst=nullptr;
        if(opt)load_obj(src.qst,"?");
        fields.push_back("\n"+pad+lex2str(src)+"\n"+pad2);
        continue;
      }
      vector<string> sparams;
      for(int i=1;i<params.size();i++){
        sparams.push_back(params[i].body);
      }
      fields.push_back("\n"+pad+lex2str(src.type)+""+src.name.value+"="+res+ex.body.templ_params+"("+join(sparams,",")+")"+string(opt?"?":"")+";\n"+pad2);
    }
    r.arr.clear();
    auto mem=join(fields,"");
    t_load_dev dev(mem);
    bool ok=dev.go_auto(r.arr);
    QapAssert(ok);
    r.cmds=nullptr;
  }
  void Do(t_target_semicolon&r)override{}
  void Do(t_target_sep&r)override{}
  void Do(t_target_struct::t_parent&r){if(r.arrow_or_colon.size())r.arrow_or_colon=":";}
  vector<string> lexers;
  void Do(t_target_struct&r)override{lexers.push_back(r.name.value);Do(r.parent);Do(r.body);lexers.pop_back();}
  void Do(t_target_using&r)override{}
  void Do(t_target_typedef&r)override{}
  string main(const string&data){
    t_target tar;
    auto fs=load_obj_full(/*Env,*/tar,data);
    if(!fs.ok){cerr<<fs.msg<<endl;return "fail";}
    if(tar.arr.empty()){return "!target\n\n"+fs.msg;}
    for(auto&ex:tar.arr){
      auto*p=ex.get();
      p->Use(*this);
    }
    string out;
    save_obj(tar,out);
    return out;
  }
};

Полезные ресурсы

  • Официальный репозиторий QapGen

  • Примеры грамматик XML и сгенерированного из него кода.

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  • 25.04.25 15:44 Sharo2025

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  • 30.04.25 16:39 ratty clara

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  • 30.04.25 22:56 thomaslilley99

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  • 01.05.25 20:59 elizabethrush89

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  • 03.05.25 05:01 melissaholroyd

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  • 03.05.25 12:24 ratty clara

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  • 13.05.25 20:21 wendytaylor015

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  • 14.05.25 14:45 Clarkanderson

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  • 16.05.25 14:18 patricialovick86

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  • 20.05.25 11:40 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 20.05.25 11:40 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 26.05.25 17:55 Juliuslaurence1

    It started as an ordinary Tuesday. I was transferring 5 BTC my life savings at the time to a new cold wallet for better security. My fingers moved swiftly, copying the address, pasting it, and hitting Send without a second thought. Then ,the horrow struck.A split second after the transaction confirmed, I realized I had pasted the wrong address. A typo. One wrong character. My stomach twisted into knots as I watched my Bitcoin disappear into the blockchain abyss, headed to an address I didn’t recognize. Panic set in. 5 BTC. Over $300,000 at the time. Gone. I spent sleepless nights scouring forums, reaching out to blockchain experts, even pleading with miners but the immutable nature of Bitcoin meant no one could reverse it. The address was active, but the owner? Unknown. Then, I stumbled upon Washington Recovery Pro, a firm specializing in cryptocurrency transaction reversals and asset recovery. Skeptical but desperate, I reached out. Their team, led by a seasoned blockchain investigator named Marcus, took my case. They explained that while Bitcoin transactions are irreversible, if the recipient is identifiable, recovery is possible through negotiation or legal pressure. Using on-chain forensics, they traced the mistaken transaction to a crypto exchange wallet meaning the recipient had likely cashed out or moved the funds. Washington Recovery Pro contacted the exchange, providing irrefutable proof of the erroneous transfer. After weeks of pressure, the exchange froze the funds and initiated a recovery process. two weeks after my heart-stopping mistake, I received an email: Your 5 BTC has been recovered and will be returned to your wallet. I couldn’t believe it. Washington Recovery Pro had done the impossible. My Bitcoin was saved, but not by luck by skill, persistence, and legal expertise. If you ever face a similar nightmare, remember: some mistakes can be undone. Email: [email protected]: +1 (903) 249‑8633‬

  • 30.05.25 05:03 kevinpatmore2

    Good day everyone, some statements people make may appear unbelievable, yet they reflect their truth due to their personal experiences. I'm a truck driver and I enjoy playing the lottery, but it's been 8 years without winning anything significant. I became upset over this and chose to seek help online from anyone skilled in using spells to win the lottery since my grandma had faith in spells and a story about Lord Meduza spells drew my interest. I obtained his contact information, and we discussed all aspects of how he could assist me. In less than 72 hours, Lord Meduza provided me with the lottery numbers I required after he completed the spell for me. I purchased my ticket online, followed the guidance of Lord Meduza, and now my life is fortunate because I won a $42.5 million Jackpot in the lottery I participated in. I’m thankful to Lord Meduza because he truly keeps his promises and I will donate $1 million to the orphanage homes in my city. Email: [email protected] or WhatsApp +18079072687.

  • 01.06.25 17:55 springthorpecameron5

    After losing $153,000 to a fake investment platform on Telegram, I found myself under immense pressure due to both the financial loss and my ongoing cancer treatment. Desperate to recover my stolen cryptocurrency, I researched viable options and discovered Ruder Cyber Tech Sleuths, a registered Bitcoin and USDT Recovery Agency with a strong reputation. Their impressive record of successful recoveries and positive reviews gave me hope. Despite my initial doubts, reaching out to them was a pivotal moment in my recovery journey. The process was complex, but their dedication, advanced technology, and professionalism were evident. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to scams. Ruder Cyber Tech Sleuths are truly exceptional and provide hope in an often dishonest world. [email protected] [email protected] whatsapp: +12132801476 Telegram : @rudercybersleuths

  • 02.06.25 16:01 wendytaylor015

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  • 02.06.25 16:01 wendytaylor015

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  • 03.06.25 22:21 [email protected]

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  • 06.06.25 18:43 jack67667766

    Jasmine Lopez is an expert in retrieving stolen cryptocurrency, including Ethereum and USDT. Her effective methods make her a reliable ally for theft victims. One client, who lost €908,000, sought her assistance, and Jasmine managed to recover the full amount within a day, bringing immense relief to the client. Jasmine is dedicated to helping others in similar situations and is available to offer support. For help with recovering lost funds, you can contact her via email at [email protected] or on WhatsApp at ‪+44 736 644 5035‬.

  • 08.06.25 12:49 jack67667766

    Jasmine Lopez es una experta en recuperar criptomonedas robadas, como Ethereum y USDT. Ella usa métodos efectivos que la hacen una buena ayuda para quienes han sido víctimas de robo. Un cliente que perdió 908 mil euros acudió a ella, y en un día, Jasmine logró devolverle toda la cantidad. Esto trajo gran alivio al cliente. Ella tiene como objetivo ayudar a otros en situaciones similares y está lista para ofrecer apoyo. Si necesitas ayuda para recuperar fondos perdidos, puedes contactarla por correo electrónico en [email protected] o por WhatsApp al número ‪+44 736 644 5035‬.

  • 09.06.25 19:49 garnierroux

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  • 21.06.25 04:37 jamesgrant

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  • 23.06.25 15:44 michaeldavenport218

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  • 23.06.25 15:44 michaeldavenport218

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance, contact [email protected] Capital Crypto Recover on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 24.06.25 04:10 Beth Wilson

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  • 24.06.25 04:23 Beth Wilson

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  • 25.06.25 22:56 rennebrandon

    I am forever grateful to the amazing team at Dune Nectar Web Expert. They did what I thought was never possible. They played a crucial role in helping me recover all my lost funds from a fraudulent forex and crypto trading scheme, including the pråofits I thought I'd earned. Looking back, I realize I was a bit of a fool for trusting greedy and deceitful brokers with my hard-earned money. However, I'm overjoyed that I found Dune Nectar Web Expert. They are a team of honest and highly skilled professionals available for hire. Dune Nectar Web Expert helps individuals and organizations recover stolen cryptocurrencies and digital assets. They helped me heal every penny I lost and provided me with the right signals and a reliable platform to trade with. Thanks to Dune Nectar Web Expert, I'm earning more than ever, and I couldn't be happier. That's why I can't stop sharing my positive experience and praising their amazing services and expertise. If you're still struggling with failures in binary options, crypto, or forex trading, or if you're looking to recover your lost USDC, Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other crypto funds, I strongly advise you to reach out to: Telegram>>> ( T.me/dunenectarwebexpert ) Mail>>>> Support (@) Dunenectarwebexpert (.) Com Web>>> https://dunenectarwebexpert.com/

  • 26.06.25 20:33 paulmargaret

    Dear Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech Team, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation for your exceptional service in recovering my scammed funds. After falling victim to a scam and experiencing numerous disappointments, I was amazed by your team's professionalism, expertise, and dedication to helping me retrieve my lost money. Your prompt response and efficient handling of my case were truly impressive. Within 24 hours, you successfully recovered my funds, and I was overjoyed to see the money safely returned to my account. Your team's commitment to helping individuals like me, who have been scammed, is truly commendable. Your work not only restored my financial security but also gave me peace of mind and renewed trust in the digital world. I would like to highly recommend your services to anyone who has been a victim of scams or cybercrime. Your expertise and support can make a significant difference in recovering lost funds and navigating complex digital situations. Thank you again for your outstanding work and dedication. I am grateful for your help and wish you continued success in your endeavors     Email : wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number +18737715701 . Sincerely, Kimberly Williams

  • 27.06.25 00:46 paulmargaret

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  • 27.06.25 22:31 rennebrandon

    I am forever grateful to the amazing team at Dune Nectar Web Expert. They did what I thought was never possible. They played a crucial role in helping me recover all my lost funds from a fraudulent forex and crypto trading scheme, including the pråofits I thought I'd earned. Looking back, I realize I was a bit of a fool for trusting greedy and deceitful brokers with my hard-earned money. However, I'm overjoyed that I found Dune Nectar Web Expert. They are a team of honest and highly skilled professionals available for hire. Dune Nectar Web Expert helps individuals and organizations recover stolen cryptocurrencies and digital assets. They helped me heal every penny I lost and provided me with the right signals and a reliable platform to trade with. Thanks to Dune Nectar Web Expert, I'm earning more than ever, and I couldn't be happier. That's why I can't stop sharing my positive experience and praising their amazing services and expertise. If you're still struggling with failures in binary options, crypto, or forex trading, or if you're looking to recover your lost USDC, Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other crypto funds, I strongly advise you to reach out to: Telegram>>> ( T.me/dunenectarwebexpert ) Mail>>>> Support (@) Dunenectarwebexpert (.) Com Web>>> https://dunenectarwebexpert.com/

  • 28.06.25 00:46 patricialovick86

    How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A  Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 28.06.25 00:46 patricialovick86

    How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A  Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 29.06.25 07:39 paulmargaret

    Dear Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech Team, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation for your exceptional service in recovering my scammed funds. After falling victim to a scam and experiencing numerous disappointments, I was amazed by your team's professionalism, expertise, and dedication to helping me retrieve my lost money. Your prompt response and efficient handling of my case were truly impressive. Within 24 hours, you successfully recovered my funds, and I was overjoyed to see the money safely returned to my account. Your team's commitment to helping individuals like me, who have been scammed, is truly commendable. Your work not only restored my financial security but also gave me peace of mind and renewed trust in the digital world. I would like to highly recommend your services to anyone who has been a victim of scams or cybercrime. Your expertise and support can make a significant difference in recovering lost funds and navigating complex digital situations. Thank you again for your outstanding work and dedication. I am grateful for your help and wish you continued success in your endeavors     Email : wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number +18737715701 . Sincerely, Kimberly Williams

  • 29.06.25 11:52 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 30.06.25 15:06 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 10.07.25 19:43 kevin

    People have lost so much in binary options and Crypto currency, many Traders have failed to withdraw their funds and profits made from binary and crypto currency options, failed to use the right strategies when needed, failed to engage with the right broker, not giving their trade a break, also having too many trading accounts which is one of the cause of their lost of funds, deposits of too low or too high amount of funds and most especially, not being able to present the full history of their trade when trying to withdraw their funds and their profits. If you are out there and having problems such as these or you are a beginner, or for a good reason need to raise your standard of living or you have been scammed or you have problems withdrawing your funds and profits made from your recent trades contact him via ZATTCHRECOVERY @ GMAIL COM he will guide you on steps how to get your money back.

  • 12.07.25 23:43 [email protected]

    Mighty Hackar Recovery saved me  The internet, once a safe space for communication, has become a dangerous place for sc@mmers. A R&B fan, unaware of the warning signs, invested $600,000 in an Instagram sc@m claiming to be from Teddy Swims. The sc@mmer was defrauded, and the victim's money went missing. They sought help from Mighty Hackar Recovery, a group specializing in recovering cryptocurrency fraud. The group conducted a thorough investigation, revealing the fraudster's dishonesty. The experience taught the importance of caution and the need to trust others. The story serves as a warning to double-check identities, carefully consider offers, and seek professional advice before making financial commitments. If you have fallen victim to a bitc0in sc@m, Mighty Hackar Recovery can help. You can reach out to them on WhatsApp +14042456415 Mighty Hacker Recovery hire Bitc0in expert near you.  Blockchain projects Cryptocurrency exchanges ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings) Crypto wallet providers Decentralized applications (DApps) Cryptocurrency mining companies Blockchain-based platforms Crypto payment solutions NFT (Non-Fungible Token) projects

  • 19.07.25 13:09 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 19.07.25 13:10 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email:: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 19.07.25 13:47 jack67667766

    Jasmine Lopez is an expert in retrieving stolen cryptocurrency, including Ethereum and USDT. Her effective methods make her a reliable ally for theft victims. One client, who lost €908,000, sought her assistance, and Jasmine managed to recover the full amount within a day, bringing immense relief to the client. Jasmine is dedicated to helping others in similar situations and is available to offer support. For help with recovering lost funds, you can contact her via email at Recoveryfundprovider@GmaiL. com or on WhatsApp at ‪+44 736 644 {5035}‬.

  • 21.07.25 08:47 jack67667766

    Jasmine Lopez is an expert in retrieving stolen cryptocurrency, including Ethereum and USDT. Her effective methods make her a reliable ally for theft victims. One client, who lost €908,000, sought her assistance, and Jasmine managed to recover the full amount within a day, bringing immense relief to the client. Jasmine is dedicated to helping others in similar situations and is available to offer support. For help with recovering lost funds, you can contact her via email at Recoveryfundprovider@GmaiL. com or on WhatsApp at ‪+44 736 644 {5035}‬.

  • 22.07.25 19:01 jack67667766

    Jasmine Lopez is an expert in retrieving stolen cryptocurrency, including Ethereum and USDT. Her effective methods make her a reliable ally for theft victims. One client, who lost €908,000, sought her assistance, and Jasmine managed to recover the full amount within a day, bringing immense relief to the client. Jasmine is dedicated to helping others in similar situations and is available to offer support. For help with recovering lost funds, you can contact her via email at Recoveryfundprovider@GmaiL. com or on WhatsApp at ‪+44 736 644 {5035}‬.

  • 22.07.25 20:04 jack67667766

    Jasmine Lopez is an expert in retrieving stolen cryptocurrency, including Ethereum and USDT. Her effective methods make her a reliable ally for theft victims. One client, who lost €908,000, sought her assistance, and Jasmine managed to recover the full amount within a day, bringing immense relief to the client. Jasmine is dedicated to helping others in similar situations and is available to offer support. For help with recovering lost funds, you can contact her via email at Recoveryfundprovider@GmaiL. com or on WhatsApp at ‪+44 736 644 {5035}‬.

  • 23.07.25 22:57 Frodejoel

    Yes, recovery is possible — I say this from personal experience. A few months ago, I was scammed out of a large amount of crypto by what seemed like a legitimate investment opportunity. I tried reaching out to the platform, filed reports, and even contacted my wallet provider — no success. Then I came across a team called Scanner Hacker Crypto Recovery. I was skeptical at first, but they walked me through the process. They helped track the transaction trail and guided me through the necessary legal and technical steps. In the end, I was able to recover my stolen crypto — something I thought was gone forever. If you’ve been a victim: • Don’t panic • Don’t send more money to new “recovery scammers.” • Do your research and look for ethical, proven recovery teams I’m happy to share more about my experience if it helps — just write to Scanner Hacker Crypto Recovery directly with their email address: [email protected] Website: https://scannerhacktech.com/

  • 24.07.25 13:51 tomcooper0147

    Agent Jasmine Lopez has been a lifesaver! My Instagram account, crucial for my job, was locked, and I was at a loss on how to recover it. Thankfully, I reached out to Jas, and she expertly helped me regain access. The relief was immense! If you're facing a similar issue or need account assistance, I highly recommend contacting her. You can reach out to her on insta at { Recoveryfundprovider} (RECOVERYFUNDPROVIDER@GMAIL. COM.) WhatsApp her at +44 {736-644-5035} She's knowledgeable and efficient – she'll get the job done!

  • 24.07.25 15:18 [email protected]

    The mining pool I joined initially appeared to be a golden opportunity, promising consistent daily payouts, glowing testimonials, and a professional-looking platform that inspired confidence. I conducted what I believed was thorough research before investing a significant amount into what seemed to be a legitimate operation. For several months, everything ran smoothly, and I watched my earnings grow steadily until the day the platform suddenly vanished without a trace. With it went my investment, along with the funds of countless other victims. I was devastated, realizing I had fallen for an elaborate scam that had ensnared many others like me.Desperate for a solution, I began searching for ways to recover my lost cryptocurrency and stumbled upon TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT, a firm specializing in tracking down fraudulent schemes. Although I was initially skeptical about their services, I felt I had no other options left, so I decided to reach out Via web https://trustgeekshackexpert.com/ And Email.Trustgeekshackexpert{At}fastservice{.}com. To my surprise, their team responded immediately, explaining their process with clarity and confidence. They had dealt with similar cases before and knew exactly where to look for the missing funds. Using advanced blockchain analysis techniques, they traced the stolen funds through multiple wallets, uncovering the scammer’s real identity, a fake persona cleverly hiding behind layers of obfuscation. With concrete evidence in hand, they collaborated with law enforcement to freeze the fraudster’s assets. To my amazement, within just a few weeks, TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT successfully recovered 90% of my lost funds, returning them to me and other victims of the scam. The relief I felt was indescribable. What had initially seemed like a hopeless situation transformed into a second chance, all thanks to their expertise and relentless persistence. If you’ve been scammed by a fake mining pool, Ponzi scheme, or any form of cryptocurrency fraud, don’t give up hope. TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT demonstrated that even in the chaotic landscape of decentralized finance, justice is indeed possible.

  • 25.07.25 17:54 trinity1121

    It is a pleasure to write this review. I have been with MARIE since the beginning of 2018, and the service has been great. I had my coins stolen by hackers and I was so worried about how to get them back. It was a nightmare for me, because I didn't know where to start. But then my friend told me about ([email protected] and telegram:@Marie_consultancy) and it made everything easier for me. I am glad that my bitcoin was recovered and now I can continue trading

  • 25.07.25 22:49 tomcooper0147

    Agent Jasmine Lopez helped me recover nearly £502,000 in USDC from a crypto scam. When I lost the funds, I felt hopeless, but her expertise in blockchain and dedication made all the difference. She skillfully traced complex transactions and tracked down the scammers, which would have been impossible for me to do on my own. Thanks to her tireless efforts, I was able to recover a significant portion of my lost crypto. If you've fallen victim to a similar scam, I highly recommend reaching out to her. You can contact her via email at [Recoveryfundprovider@gmail. COM.] or WhatsApp at {44 736-644-5035}. Her attention to detail and commitment to her work are truly impressive. Don't hesitate to reach out – her expertise could be the key to recovering your lost funds.

  • 25.07.25 23:04 benjudge

    Honestly, if you’ve ever fallen victim to a crypto scam, I know how overwhelming and hopeless it can feel. I went through it myself and tried everything I could to recover what I lost—nothing worked until I found someone who genuinely knew what they were doing. Sylvester Bryant was the one actually helped me recover my USDC. What stood out was how transparent and professional he was the entire time. No empty promises—just real results and support when I needed it most. If you’re in the same boat and looking for someone reliable, I truly recommend giving him a shout. You can reach him at: 📧 yt7cracker [at] gmail [dot] com 📱 WhatsApp: +1 (512) 577-7957 Don’t lose hope—it is possible to bounce back.

  • 25.07.25 23:04 benjudge

    Honestly, if you’ve ever fallen victim to a crypto scam, I know how overwhelming and hopeless it can feel. I went through it myself and tried everything I could to recover what I lost—nothing worked until I found someone who genuinely knew what they were doing. Sylvester Bryant was the one actually helped me recover my USDC. What stood out was how transparent and professional he was the entire time. No empty promises—just real results and support when I needed it most. If you’re in the same boat and looking for someone reliable, I truly recommend giving him a shout. You can reach him at: 📧 yt7cracker [at] gmail [dot] com 📱 WhatsApp: +1 (512) 577-7957 Don’t lose hope—it is possible to bounce back.

  • 26.07.25 14:00 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 26.07.25 14:00 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 26.07.25 15:58 benjudge

    Hey everyone, just wanted to share my experience in case it helps someone else here. If you've ever lost funds in a crypto scam, you know how devastating it can be. I went through it myself and tried several recovery services—most were dead ends. The only one who actually helped was Sylvester Bryant. He assisted me in recovering my USDC, XRP and what really impressed me was his professionalism and honesty throughout the process. If you’re in a similar situation, I’d suggest getting in touch with him. 📧 yt7cracker [@] gmail . com 📱 WhatsApp: +1 (512) 577-7957 Just sharing in case it helps someone avoid the runaround I went through

  • 26.07.25 15:58 benjudge

    Hey everyone, just wanted to share my experience in case it helps someone else here. If you've ever lost funds in a crypto scam, you know how devastating it can be. I went through it myself and tried several recovery services—most were dead ends. The only one who actually helped was Sylvester Bryant. He assisted me in recovering my USDC, XRP and what really impressed me was his professionalism and honesty throughout the process. If you’re in a similar situation, I’d suggest getting in touch with him. 📧 yt7cracker [@] gmail . com 📱 WhatsApp: +1 (512) 577-7957 Just sharing in case it helps someone avoid the runaround I went through

  • 26.07.25 16:12 trinity1121

    Recovering lost funds requires teamwork between recovery experts and legal helpers. Recovery specialists can find and get back stolen assets,. Educate yourself by reaching out to ([email protected] and telegram:@Marie_consultancy) . This helps prevent future scams and can assist in reclaiming lost Bitcoin. Being cautious and searching for help increases your chances of getting your money back.

  • 26.07.25 17:02 benjudge

    Hey everyone, just wanted to share my experience in case it helps someone else here. If you've ever lost funds in a crypto scam, you know how devastating it can be. I went through it myself and tried several recovery services—most were dead ends. The only one who actually helped was Sylvester Bryant. He assisted me in recovering my USDC, XRP and what really impressed me was his professionalism and honesty throughout the process. If you’re in a similar situation, I’d suggest getting in touch with him. 📧 yt7cracker [@] gmail . com 📱 WhatsApp: +1 (512) 577-7957 Just sharing in case it helps someone avoid the runaround I went through

  • 26.07.25 17:52 benjudge

    Honestly, if you’ve ever fallen victim to a crypto scam, I know how overwhelming and hopeless it can feel. I went through it myself and tried everything I could to recover what I lost—nothing worked until I found someone who genuinely knew what they were doing. sylvester bryant was the one actually helped me recover my USDC. What stood out was how transparent and professional he was the entire time. No empty promises—just real results and support when I needed it most. If you’re in the same boat and looking for someone reliable, I truly recommend giving him a shout. You can reach him at: 📧 yt7cracker@ gmail . com 📱 WhatsApp: +1 (512) 577-7957 Don’t lose hope—it is possible to bounce back.

  • 26.07.25 19:49 vallatjosette

    My Wild Ride: How a Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech Helped Me Recover Lost Bitcoin of 103,000 It all started when I had the misfortune of misplacing the digital wallet containing my substantial cryptocurrency holdings - a staggering 103,000 bitcoins. I had amassed this sizable fortune over the years through strategic investments and careful trading, but in a moment of carelessness, the private keys to my digital wallet had vanished. Panic set in as I grappled with the gravity of my situation - those bitcoins, worth millions at the time, were effectively lost to the ether, inaccessible and seemingly unrecoverable. Just when I had resigned myself to the devastating financial blow, a chance encounter with a self-proclaimed "digital wizard" Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech presented a glimmer of hope. This enigmatic individual, who operated in the shadowy corners of the crypto underworld, claimed to possess the arcane knowledge and skills necessary to retrieve my lost digital wealth. Intrigued and desperate, I put my skepticism aside and entrusted this mysterious wizard with the task. What followed was a wild, suspenseful journey into the depths of blockchain technology and cryptography, as the wizard navigated complex algorithms, exploited vulnerabilities, and pieced together the puzzle of my missing private keys. After days of intense effort, Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech emerged triumphant, having successfully recovered the entirety of my 103,000 bitcoin stash. The sheer relief and elation I felt in that moment was indescribable, as I regained access to my small digital fortune and was able to secure my financial future. This harrowing experience taught me the invaluable lesson of never taking the security of my cryptocurrency holdings for granted, and the importance of always maintaining the utmost diligence when it comes to protecting one's digital wealth. Email: wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com     OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number  +18737715701 Thanks.

  • 26.07.25 21:06 daniellahugson

    HOW TO HIRE A HACKER TO RECOVER STOLEN BITCOIN. CONSULT A CERTIFIED CRYPTO RECOVERY EXPERT, FASTFUND RECOVERY.

  • 26.07.25 21:06 daniellahugson

    HOW TO HIRE A HACKER TO RECOVER STOLEN BITCOIN. CONSULT A CERTIFIED CRYPTO RECOVERY EXPERT, FASTFUND RECOVERY.

  • 26.07.25 21:07 daniellahugson

    HOW TO HIRE A HACKER TO RECOVER STOLEN BITCOIN. CONSULT A CERTIFIED CRYPTO RECOVERY EXPERT, FASTFUND RECOVERY. I had always thought it would be impossible to recover stolen cryptocurrency funds until I came across the Fastfund Recovery team. This cryptocurrency recovery team successfully recovered my stolen Bitcoin and Ethereum funds. I was one of the many victims of a crypto scam, and I lost my entire family savings trying to double it. It was a very difficult time for me and my family. I was depressed and gave up hope of ever getting my money back. A few weeks ago, I came across a post while searching for clues on Google on how to recover my cryptocurrency. I saw a recommendation about Fastfund Recovery and how they were able to recover cryptocurrency funds for many scam victims effectively. I didn’t hesitate to contact them and provide all the necessary information. Fastfund Recovery was able to recover my funds within two days. I’m truly grateful for their service, and I promised them I would recommend them to others like me. You can easily reach them via E-Mail: Fastfundrecovery8 (@)gmail com W/A: 1 (807)500-7554. Fastfund Recovery is no doubt the best when it comes to recovering cryptocurrency funds.

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