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Prolog: три портрета через 50 лет

Давайте вернёмся в историческое прошлое и посмотрим на события периода с 1970 по 1976 годы глазами создателей языка логического программирования Prolog: Алана Колмероэ, Роберта Ковальски и Дэвида Уоррена.

Фото (слева-направо): Алан Колмероэ, Дэвид Уоррен, Роберт Ковальски.
Фото (слева-направо): Алан Колмероэ, Дэвид Уоррен, Роберт Ковальски.

Алан

Алан Колмероэ (Alain Colmerauer) окончил Гренобльский политехнический институт (Grenoble Institute of Technology). Там же, в Гренобле (Канада) в 1967 году он защитил докторскую диссертацию на тему синтаксического анализа текстов на естественном языке. Именно интерес Алана к синтаксическому анализу в конце концов привел как к разработке метода логического программирования, так и реализации этого метода — языка программирования Prolog.

Монреальский университет

В период с 1967 по 1970 годы Алан Колмероэ работал ассистентом профессора информатики Монреальского университета (University of Montreal). Он руководил проектом TAUM‑METEO (Traduction Automatique de l'Université de Montréal), предназначенным для автоматического перевода прогнозов погоды с английского на французский языки (напомним, что Канада англоязычная и франкофонная страна). Для структуризации данных Алан создал метод направленных преобразований графов по заданным правилам грамматики, а также формальный язык Q‑Systems, Программную реализацию формализмов Q‑Systems Алан написал на языке программирования Algol. Q‑systems ввели в эксплуатацию к октябрю 1969 года.

Приложение Q‑systems бурно развивалось. Выпускники Монреальского университета Мишель ван Канегем (Michel van Caneghem) и Франсуа Стеллин (Franqois Stellin) переписали Q‑systems на языке программирования Fortran. Дело в том, что именно язык Fortran в то время присутствовал почта на каждом крупном вычислительном комплексе. В свою очередь Жиль Стюард (Gilles Steward) версию на Fortran адаптировал для суперкомпьютера Control Data Corporation CDC 6400 и дополнил модулем фазы перевода. Брайан Харрис (Brian Harris) дополнил формализмы Q‑systems морфологическим анализом английского языка. Ричард Киттредж (Richard Kittredge) написал содержательную грамматику для анализа английского языка, а Жюль Дансеро (Jules Danserau) — грамматику для синтеза французского языка. Мишель ван Канегем (Michel van Caneghem) разработал полную морфологию французского языка.

В 1970 году Жан Трудель (Jean Trudel) — аспирант Алана Колмероэ, — писал диссертацию на тему автоматического доказательства теорем. Изучая литературу он натолкнулся на публикацию Алана Робинсона (Alan Robinson) о принципе резолюции при доказательстве теорем. Статья оказалась сложна для понимания Жана и он обратился за разъяснениями к Алану. Алан объяснил Жану теоретическую основу статьи. Но самого Алана заинтересовало практическое применение этой теории в его исследованиях. Алан узнал, что Мартину Дэвису (Martin Davis) разработал полный инструментарий доказательств теорем с унификацией, написанный в современном стиле программирования: все вычисления заключались в модицификации указателей. Алан договорился с Мартином о том, что тот прочитает курс лекций Жану. Мартин Дэвис не колеблясь согласился и Жан Трудель поехал в Нью‑Йорк добывать новые практические знания для исследований Алана.

Фото: Суперкомпьютер Control Data Corporation CDC 6400
Фото: Суперкомпьютер Control Data Corporation CDC 6400

Университет Экс-Марсель

В 1970 году университет Экс‑Марсель (Aix‑Marseille University) сформировал новый факультет информатики в Люмини — пригороде Марселя, — и подбирал молодых амбициозных сотрудников. Одними из первых преподавателей информатики стали Роберт Пасеро (Robert Pasero) и Филипп Руссель (Philippe Roussel). Обоим исполнилось по 25 лет. Оба выпускники университета Экс‑Марсель 1970 года.

Целях повышения квалификации новых преподавателей информатики руководство университета Экс‑Марсель попросило своих коллег из Монреальского университета устроить им стажировку. Те, естественно, не возражали и выслали приглашение. В июле 1970 года в Монреаль приехали Роберт Пасеро и Филипп Руссель. Их познакомили с Аланом Колмероэ и поручили ему познакомить коллег со своими исследованиями. Кстати, Алан оказался не намного старше их, ему исполнилось 29 лет. За два месяца стажировки Алан познакомил их с методами синтаксического анализа естественного языка. Молодые преподаватели поработали на приложении Q‑System с генератором фраз на французском языке. Для приобретения опыта написали несколько синтаксических анализаторов на языке программирования Algol 60.

К осени 1970 года перед Аланом Колмероэ возникла дилемма: перейти работать на факультет информатики Стэнфордского университета (Stanford University) или принять приглашение университета Экс‑Марсель (Aix‑Marseille University). Алан принимает решение перейти на должность декана нового факультета информатики именно в университет Экс‑Марсель. Очень типичное решение его стиля жизни: искать новые направления, начинать с самого начала и доводить дело до конца.

В начале 1971 года Алан Колмероэ переехал из Монреаля в Марсель. Он получил должность декана (maitre de conference) нового факультета информатики университета Экс‑Марсель. Аспирант Жан Трудель последовал за Аланом, не желая менять научного руководителя диссертации. Более того, уезжая Жан Трудель выбил небольшой грант у компании Hydro Quebec. Проект предусматривал дедуктивный разбор текстов, написанных на французском языке. Для работы над проектом Алан создал исследовательскую группа. В неё вошли и уже знакомые Алану преподаватели Роберт Пасеро и Филипп Руссель. Работу над проектом распределили следующим образом. Жан Трудель и Филипп Руссель занялись дедуктивной частью — автоматизацией рассуждений при получении ответов на вопросы. А Роберт Пасеро и Алан Колмероэ — обработкой фраз естественного языка.

По меркам Франции Марсельский университет предоставлил факультету информатики прекрасные условия. В вычислительном центре установили вычислительный комплекс IBM System 360–44. Дух захватывало: 900 Кб внутренней памяти! С небольшим недостатком — в операционном системе отсутствовала поддержка виртуальных машин, — справились самостоятельно. Жан Трудель разработал консоль для интерактивного общения между оператором и программой. Каждую ночь Жан блаженствовал, имея возможность использовать полный объём оперативной памяти для запуска «огромных» программ, размером почти в 1 Мб.

Навыки Жана Труделя улучшались не по дням, а по часам. В начале мая он написал на Algol‑W программу для доказательства теорем. Логический интерфейс формулирования французских фраз с помощью формализмов Q‑System, содержал 50 правил ввода и 17 правил вывода. Одно из правил представляло собой модуль доказательства.

Жан Трудель продолжал поиск более продуктивных методов доказательства теорем. Его заинтересовал метод SLD разрешений (SLD resolution). Жан Трудель попросил Алана организовать встречу с автором метода — Робертом Ковальски. Через пару недель, в июне в Марсель по приглашению Алана приехал Роберт Ковальски. Встеча оказалась незабываемой. Для начала организовали разговор со специалистами по автоматизации доказательства теорем, которые смогли обсудить с Робертом принципы резолюций, варианты и направления совершенствования. В ходе обсуждения Роберту самому стало интересно как его теоретический метод можно было бы применить в практике обработки естественного языка.

За первым знакомством Алана Колмероэ с Робертом Ковальски последовала целая череда встреч, которая завершилась крепкой дружбой не только между исследователями, но и их семьями.

Во второй раз Алан и Роберт встретились в сентябре 1971 года на конференции. Оба посетили сначала лекцию Терри Винограда (Terry Winograd) об обработке фраз естественного языка, а затем доклад Карла Хьюита (Carl Hewitt) на котором он представил язык программирования Planner. В докладах Терри Винограда и Карла Хьюита отсутствовал формализм унификации и шла острая критика логического подхода.

Фото: Университет Экс-Марсель
Фото: Университет Экс‑Марсель

Приложение, которое создало язык

Год 1972 оказался финансово щедрым — исследовательской группе Алана Колмероэ выделили три гранта. В феврале 1972 года грант в размере 122 тыс. французских франков предоставил Институт исследований информации и автоматизации (Institut de Recherche d'Infomatique et d'Futomatique), связанный с Министерством промышленности Франции. Этот грант позволил группе приобрести операционную систему CP‑CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System) с архитектурой виртуальных машин, а также телетайпный терминал для вычислительной машины IBM System 360–67, способный передавать данные между Марселем и Греноблем на сумасшедшей скорости в 300 бит в секунду. В течение трёх лет команда Алана Колмероэ использовала весь этот мощный компьютерный комплекс. Следующий грант привлёк аспирант Генри Кануи (Henry Kanoui), который занимался исследованиями морфологии французского языка. Последний грант получил Роберт Ковальски от штаб‑квартиры НАТО, которая стремилась поддерживать научный обмен между Эдинбургом и Марселем.

Апрель и май 1972 года Роберт Ковальски провёл в Марселе. За прошедший год команда исследователей приобрела значительные знания о компьютерных методах доказательства теорем — о том, как аксиоматизировать проблемы, как осуществлять конкатенацию и изменение списков. Камнем преткновения оставался поиск формализмов для отображения фраз естественного языка. В то время о парадигме суждений Хорна (хорновских дизъюнктах) они ещё не знали. Приходилось использовать разработанный Аланом ещё в Монреале язык Q‑System.

Алан после отъезда Роберта в конечном счёте нашёл способ разработки анализатора. Он связал двоичный предикат N(x,y) с каждым нетерминальным символом грамматики N, означающим, что x и y служат терминальными строками, для которых существует строка u, определённая через x=uy и полученная из N. Представляя x и y списками, каждое грамматическое правило кодировали высказыванием, имеющим точно такое же количество литералов, как и вхождения нетерминальных символов. Таким образом удалось обойтись без объединения списков (в настоящее время это метод разностных списков). Для вычислений в каждый нетерминал Алан ввёл дополнительные параметры. Аналогично анализатору Q‑System новый анализатор Алана не только проверял правильность высказывания (синтаксис), но и извлекал значение формальной части (семантику).

Филипп Руссель завершил написание диссертации. Основной темой которой стал метод SLD‑разрешений оперирования формальными равенствами при автоматическом доказательстве теорем. Формальное равенство, конечно, менее выразительно, чем математическое равенство, но его легче автоматизировать. В SLD‑разрешении режим работы стекового типа оказался похож на управление вызовами процедур в императивных языках программирования и хорошо подходил для обработки недетерминированности путём обратного отслеживания, а не путём копирования и сохранения разрешающих элементов.

Споры о формализмах отображения высказываний продолжались до конца лета. В конце концов исследовательская группа Алана приняла драконовское решение — проводить унификацию только головы высказывания, пустьи ценой потери полноты. Сами того не подозревая они переизобрели метод подобный высказываниям Хорна. Через несколько лет Роберт Ковальски и Мартен ван Эмден (Maarten Herman van Emden) довели эту идею до совершенства, определив семантику фиксированной точки программирования использованием хорновских дизъюнктов.

Принятие решения об унификации позволила ускорить написание программной части приложения для обработки текста на естественном языке. Программирование осуществили на языке Fortran, использовали линейную резолюцию (вывод) и дизъюнкты с описанием фактов. Для выполнения программы Алан предложил процедурную интерпретацию, преобразующую процесс доказательства в традиционный пошаговый вызов процедур.

Во второй версии приложения разработчики сфокусировали внимание не на дедуктивной части анализа французского языка, а на программной. Осенью 1972 года Филипп переписал программный код Fortran на язык программирования Algol‑W, предложенного Никлаусом Виртом (Niklaus Wirth), для вычислительного комплекса IBM 360–67 под управлением операционной системы CP‑CMS. Алан Колмероэ и Роберт Пасеро создали человеко‑машинный интерфейс приложения. Интерфейс содержал 610 клауз (высказываний). Из них 334 аналитических правила написал Алан, 162 дедуктивных правила написал Роберт Пасеро, 104 правила французской морфологии написал Генри Кануи.

Несмотря на появление второй версии приложения продолжала действовать и первая версия. Роберт Пасеро завершил с её помощью все эксперименты с французской семантикой и результаты включил в свою диссертацию.

Оставалось придумать название приложению. Как‑то вечером дома Филипп Руссель рассказал жене о завершённом программном приложении и полном тупике с названием.

— Наговори мне ключевых слов, — попросила жена Филиппа.

— Эээ… текст, синтаксис, логика, вычисления, программа…, — начал перечислять Филипп.

— Да что тут думать?! ПроЛог (PROgrammation en LOGique), — почти не задумываясь ответила жена.

Так в 1972 году у приложения, предназначенного для интерактивного общения человека и компьютера на французском языке, появилось название Prolog. Да‑да, вы верно прочитали — «приложение Prolog»! В 1972 году не существовало ни методологии логического программирования, ни языка Prolog. Всё это появится гораздо позже.

В апреле 1973 года коллектив Алана Колмероэ получил официальный статус в Национа́льном центре нау́чных иссле́дований Франции (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS). Их зарегистрировали как ассоциированную исследовательскую группу исследователей человеко‑машинного диалога на естественном языке и выделили финансирование в размере 39 тыс. французских франков в год.

Фото: мейнфрейм IBM System 360
Фото: мейнфрейм IBM System 360

Алан и Роберт

Роберт Ковальски (Robert Anthony Kowalski) — ровесник Алана Колмероэ, оба родились в 1941 году, — поступил в 1967 году в аспирантуру Эдинбургского университета (University of Edinburgh) на факультет математики. Возглавлял факультет в то время Бернард Мельцер (Bernard Meltzer). В качестве темы диссертации Роберт выбрал автоматизированное доказательство теорем. Прежде он уже изучал математическую логику в аспирантуре Стэнфордского университета (Stanford University), но не проявлял никакого интереса к исследованиям в области информатики.

В 1968 году, совершенно случайно, Роберт Ковальски встретил Алана Робинсона (John Alan Robinson) — автора опубликованного в 1965 году алгоритма унификации и принципа резолюций при доказательстве теорем (статья «Nondeterministic Algorithms»). Тот в выходной день заглянул на кафедру Бернарда Мельцера. Там их и познакомили. После общения с Аланом Робинсоном научное направление искусственного интеллекта заинтересовало Роберта Ковальски.

В то время в Великобритании и США спонтанно возникли семинары по проблеме искусственного интеллекта. В них участвовал широкий круг исследователей по совершенно различным, и казалось совершенно несвязанным друг с другом темам. Самым ярким оказался 4-й семинар, проведённый в 1969 году. На нём выступили Алан Робинсон, Даг Правиц (Dag Prawitz), Ларри Вос (Larry Wos). Соавторы Джон Маккарти (John McCarthy) и Пэт Хейс (Pat Hayes) представили знаменитый доклад, посвящённый ситуационному анализу. Корделл Грин (Cordell Green) — аспирант Джона Маккарти, — рассказал о своей работе над использованием метода резолюций для получения ответов на вопросы. Фостер (J.M. Foster) и Элкок (E.W. Elcock) представили язык ассертивного программирования Absys (Aberdeen System), разработанный в Абердинском университете. Пэт Хейз (Pat Hayes) и Роберт Ковальски рассказали о применении семантических деревьев как методе нахождения результативных правил автоматического доказательства теорем. Позже Пэт Хейз продолжил развивать тему семантических деревьев и защитил на эту тему диссертацию.

Большой интерес исследователей искусственного интеллекта к публикациям об автоматизации доказательства теорем вызвал сильное противодействие со стороны научных кругов Массачусетского технологического института, которые продвигали идею процедурного, а не декларативного представления знаний. Оппозицию возглавил Сеймур Паперт (Seymour Papert) — разработчик языка программирования Logo, — и Марвин Мински (Marvin Minsky) — директор лаборатории искусственного интеллекта Массачусетского технологического института. Карл Хьюитт (Carl Hewitt) — аспирант Марвина Мински, — разработал язык программирования Planner для процедурного представления знаний.

Язык программирования Planner приобрёл большое влияние благодаря Терри Винограду (Terry Winograd) — аспиранту Массачусетского технологического института, — который создал программу понимания естественного языка SHRDLU и реализовал сочетание программы SHRDLU с языками Planner, Lisp и Programmer. После появления системы синтаксического анализа Programmer, которая интерпретировала грамматики, написанные в терминах программ, исследования по доказательству теорем, основанных на разрешении, резко сократилось во всём мире.

Активность сотрудников Массачусетского технологического института Марвина Мински, Карла Хьюитта, Терри Винограда оказала сильное влияние на Пэта Хейза. Пэт, после посещения Джона Маккарти в Стэнфорде, вернулся сильно разочарованным и отказался от дальнейших исследований совместно с Робертом Ковальски. Пэт хотел написать большую статью с критикой методов доказательства теорем. Но после долгих споров с Робертом они согласились не публиковать результаты совместных исследований. Пэт Хейз ограничился тем, что совместно с Брюсом Андерсоном (Bruce Anderson) написал статью «Безумие логиков», направленную против парадигмы процедуры доказательства теорем.

В 1970 году Роберт Ковальски защитил докторскую диссертацию. Несмотря на скептицизм окружающих он продолжил исследования в области методов доказательства теорем. В 1971 году совместно с Дональдом Кюнером (Donald Kuehner) они опубликовали статью о применимости SLD разрешений (SLD resolution) в эвристических методах. Роберт Ковальски оставался убеждён, что SLD подход ориентированный на цели, может обеспечить поведение, аналогичное процедурным подходам. Роберт изо всех сил старался найти способ конкурировать с процедурными подходами синтаксического анализа и понимания естественного языка. В результате он начал исследовать возможность представления грамматик в логической форме и использовать SLD разрешения для синтаксического анализа.

Летом 1971 года Роберта Ковальски познакомился с Аланом Колмероэ. Алан знал о публикациях Корделла Грина о методе резолюций для получения ответов на вопросы, а также о статьях Роберта Ковальски с Дональдом Кюнером о SLD разрешении. Алан после личного общения с Робертом решил изучить применение этих методов как основы логического компонента автоматизированной системы ответов на вопросы, которой занималась созданная им группа. В конце лета Алан Колмероэ прислал в Эдинбург приглашения Роберту Ковальски с предложением погостить у него в Марселе. Роберт с огромным удовольствием принял приглашение и поехал в Марсель на своём небольшом Austin mini. Жёны Роберта и Алана быстро нашли общий язык. И пока они общались Роберт и Алан обменивались идеями о доказательстве теорем и синтаксическом анализе формальных языков. Роберт Ковальски полагал, что как исследователь много знает о методе доказательства теорем. Однако в ходе общения с Аланом Колмероэ к своему удивлению Роберт обнаружил, что тот знает больше не только о методе, но и его применимости к синтаксическому анализу формальных языков.

В ходе активного обмена идеями Роберт и Алан обнаружили удивительные параллели между грамматиками доказательства теорем и синтаксического анализа. Оба метода использовали: декларативное представление знаний, а также решение в прямом или обратном направлении. Ещё больше их удивило то, что формальная грамматика представленная в синтаксисе формальной логики ведёт себя как восходящий синтаксический анализатор, а метод SLD резолюций ведёт себя как нисходящий синтаксический анализатор. Это открытие, сделанное летом 1971 года, стало первым шагом к созданию языка логического программирования Prolog.

В 1972 году Роберт Ковальски представил свои открытия на конференции «Математические основы информатики». Встреча Роберта и Алана придала исследованиям новый импульс. Роберт Ковальски, вернувшийся в Эдинбург, работал над представлениями грамматик с явными аксиомами ассоциативности. Его вдохновляла математическая идея создать свою алгебру. Алан же понял бесперспективность использования ассоциативности для обоснования конкатенаций. Вместо этого он попытался формализовать графическое представление строк, аналогично Q‑Systems — методу направленного преобразования графа по заданным правилам грамматики.

Следующим летом 1972 года Алан пригласил Роберта приехать в Марсель с семьёй на 2 месяца. Он организовал детский сад для дочерей Роберта и снял для него квартиру в деревушке Кассис, расположенной недалеко от университетского кампуса в Люмини. Всё свободное от преподавательской деятельности время Алан проводил с Робертом, обсуждая идею использования логики в качестве языка программирования компьютеров.

Осенью 1972 года Роберт Ковальски вернулся в Эдинбург после своего двухмесячного пребывания в Марселе. Он с энтузиазмом рассказывал коллегам по университету о логическом программировании. Одни воспринимали восторженно, другие, такие как Пэт Хейс, оказались очень недовольны. Он с завистью высказывался о том, что Роберт Ковальски присвоил себе заслугу о том, что вычисления — это управляемая дедукция. Пэту в принципе не нравился подход языка Prolog — достижения цели путём выбора подходящего логического представления проблемы.. Вместо этого он отстаивал противоположный подход, который заключался в выборе фиксированной логической спецификации и достижении желаемой цели путём изменения команд управления поведением при доказательстве теоремы.

Дональд Мичи (Donald Michie) — директор департамента машинного интеллекта Эдинбургского университета, — и Бернард Мельцер — декан факультета математики Эдинбургского университета, — оказались среди тех, кто с энтузиазмом воспринял идеи логического программирования. Дональд пригласил аспиранта Дэвида Уоррена (David H. D. Warren) и научного сотрудника Мартена ван Эмдена (Maarten van Emden) поработать с Робертом Ковальски над новой темой. Дэвида Уоррена в первую очередь интересовала марсельская реализация Prolog и возможность её дальнейшего развития. А Мартен сосредоточил усилия на исследовании теоретических основ логического программирования и языка Prolog в частности.

Всего год назад в 1971 году Мартен ван Эмден защитил докторскую диссертацию по информатике в Амстердамском университете. После защиты он год прорабобтал научным сотрудником в Исследовательском центре IBM имени Томаса Дж. Уотсона, а затем присоединился к группе Дональда Мичи в Эдинбургском университете. Мартен в сотрудничестве с Робертом Ковальски разработал семантику фиксированных точек для дизъюнктов Хорна. Эта работа легла в основу семантики логического программирования. А далее Мартен занялся исследованиями в области верификации и корректности программного обеспечения.

В том же 1972 году Алан Колмероэ попросил Роберта Ковальски выступить в качестве внешнего эксперта для защиты диссертации докторской диссертации Филиппа Русселя — аспиранта Алан и исследователя по теме автоматизации рассуждений.

В 1973 году Алан и Филипп посетили Роберта в Эдинбурге. Рассказали об очередной реализации программы, в которую к высказываниям добавили управляющие аннотации. Реакция Роберта окзалась очень прохладной. По его мнению подобный подход не соответствовал логической методологии.

В 1974 году возобновились двухмесячные поездки Филиппа Русселя в Эдинбург, а Дэвида Уоррена в Марсель. Филипп познакомился с теорией совместного использования структур в методе резолюций, разработанной в Эдинбурге Робертом Бойером (Robert S. Boyer) и Джей Муром (J Strother Moore). Вернувшись в Марсель Филипп внедрил метод совместного использования структур в очередную версию приложения Prolog.

Дуэт Алана Колмероэ и Роберта Ковальски оказался очень плодотворным. Роберт Ковальски фокусировал внимание на философии и теории логики, а Алана интересовали практические результаты реализации теоретических принципов.

Фото: Эдинбургский университет
Фото: Эдинбургский университет

Алан, Роберт и Дэвид

Дэвид Уоррен (David H. D. Warren) выпускник Эдинбургского университета. В 1972 году он стал аспирантом и поступил на работу на факультет машинного интеллекта, который возглавлял Дональд Мичи (Donald Michie). Дэвид стоял перед выбором темы исследований, которая стала бы темой его диссертации. Дональд Мичи как научный руководитель посоветовал Дэвиду поработать с Робертом Ковальски. Вот как впоследствии вспоминал Дэвид начало своего разговора с Робертом Ковальски. «Одним пасмурным октябрьским утром Роберт пригласил меня к себе и усадил на кожаный диван в своей гостинной.

— Я покажу вам кое‑что интересное, — мрачным тоном начал он. — мы называем это логическим программированием…».

Далее из разговора стало ясно, что Дэвид далеко не первый с кем Роберт обсуждал тему логического программирования. На кожаном диване в гостинной уже побывали научный сотрудник Мартен ван Эмден и студент Остин Тейт. Пропустив мимо ушей теоретические рассуждения Роберта, Дэвид согласился исследовать возможность дальнейшего развития марсельской реализации приложения Prolog.

В период с 1972 по 1974 годы Дэвид неоднократно посещал Марсель и общался с командой Алана Колмероэ. Дэвид быстро совершенствовал знания теории логического программирования. Совместно с Аланом Колмероэ и Фернандо Перейрой (Fernando Pereira) он переработал теорию метаморфозных грамматик. Метаморфозная грамматика позволяла применять параметризованные правила грамматики. В своих публикациях они переименовали её в DC грамматику. В конце 1974 года Дэивид добавил DC грамматику в эдинбургскую версию компилятора языка Prolog.

В период с февраля по апрель 1973 года Филипп Руссель по приглашению Роберта Ковальски вновь посетил Эдинбургский университет. Последовали долгие научные обсуждения проблем с Дэвидом Уорреном, Роджером Бойером, Джеем Муром после которых Филипп создал алгоритм резолюций. Он использовал метод совместного использования структур для преставления логических формул, генерируемых во время дедуктивного вывода. Но главным результатом коммандировки Филиппа в Эдинбург стало понимание — нужен отдельный язык программирования, который вобрал бы в себя все новые найденные решения.

В период с мая по июнь 1973 года команда Алана формулировала основые концепции языка: выбирали синтаксис, базовые примитивы, метод компьютерной интерпретации. Начиная с июня и до конца 1973 года аспиранты Жерар Баттани, Генри Мелони, Рене Баццоли (Rene Bazzoli) писали на языке Fortran интерпретатор языка Prolog. Однако, Алану не понравилось то, что разные части языка написаны на различных языках программирования. В период с июня по октябрь 1973 года Жерар Баттани и Генри Мелони под руководством Алана Колмероэ переписали интерпретатор Prolog, ранее написанный на Fortran. Теперь супервайзер интерпретатора полностью написали на самом языке Prolog. Программа содержала примерно 2000 инструкций и имела такой же размер, как и версия интерпретатора, написанная на Algol‑W.

В декабре 1973 года в Гренобле (Канада) Жерар Баттани и Генри Мелони портировали Prolog, полностью написанный на языке Prolog, на вычислительный комплекс IBM System 360–67.

Дэвид Уоррен активно помогал команде Алана дописывать очередную версию приложения Prolog. В феврале 1974 года после посещения Марселя Дэвид привёз в Эдинбург две вещи: одну страничку кода компьютерной программы Warplan и коробку длиной в фут с карточками, содержащими вторую версию Prolog. Эту версию писали Жерар Баттени (Gerard Battani) и Генри Мелони (Henry Meloni). Программный код наполовину состоял из модулей на языке Fortran, наполовину из модулей на языке Prolog. Вторая версия Prolog произвела на Дэвида положительное впечатление. Возможность запускать программу на вычислительной машине DEC PDP-10 имела огромное практическое значение. Ведь подобных вычислительных комплексов в мире становилось всё больше и больше. Из кода программы Prolog исчезли аннотации к клаузам, которые ранее очень не нравились Роберту Ковальски. Из заменили случайные сокращения, которые выглядели менее навязчивыми.

Осенью 1974 года Мартен ван Эмден в очередной раз посетил Марсель. Алан рассказывал Мартену о своём приложении Prolog, предназначенном для ответов на естественном языке. В теоретической основе лежала логика первого порядка. До этого в своей исследовательской деятельности Алан никогда не ставил своей целью создать теорию логического программирования. Его интересовал сугубо практический интерес — создать синтаксический анализатор естественного языка. Но с годами Алан убедился, что решения проблемы ему необходим особый язык программирования. При этом, ни один из существующих языков Алану не подходил. Во время обсуждения Алан показал Мартену побочные модули, в том числе простой компилятор вымышленного языка программирования, похожего на Algol. Для написания компилятора Алан использовал язык Prolog.

Вернувшись в Эдинбург Мартен в разговоре показал Дэвиду компилятор, который написал Алан. Дэвид с огромным интересом изучил эту программу, а затем начал писать свои варианты. Он присылал Мартену на обсуждение всё новые и новые версии компилятора Prolog.

К концу 1974 года Дэвид Уоррен совместно с Фернандо Перейрой создали продуктивный компилятор Prolog для DEC PDP-10, в котором большую часть кода удалось написать на самом языке Prolog. И код, и компилятор стали убедительным доказательством возможности использования языка логического программирования Prolog на практике. Более того, именно этот диалект логического программирования получил название Edinburgh Prolog и на долгие годы стал фактическим стандартом языка. Даже сегодня, когда существуют стандарты ISO Prolog многие разработчики продолжают использовать эдинбургский диалект.

10 декабря 1974 года на Эдинбургской конференции Дэвид Уоррен представил первое руководство пользователя языка Prolog для мейнфреймов DEC PDP-10. В руководстве появилось упоминание о супервайзере, написанном Дэвидом для эдинбургского диалекта, несколько отличного от марсельского синтаксиса. Своё руководство Дэвид шуточно назвал Epilog.

Наконец, 13 сентября 1975 года Дэвид Уоррен написал компилятор марсельской версии Prolog для DEC PDP-10. Он взял исходный код компилятора, который написал Алан, а затем занёс в файлы Macro-10 объявления к внешним предикатам. В среде окружения операционной системы он связал файлы Macro-10 с модулями Prolog, скомпилированными интерпретатором. Получил интерактивный Prolog в котором скомпилированный код Prolog стал доступен для комбинирования с интерпретируемым кодом Prolog.

Позже Дэвид придумал новую схему, в которой расположил компилятор внутри интерпретатора. Компилятор генерировал машинный код, который компьютер DEC PDP-10 немедленно выполнял. Подобное решение представляло собой сложную схему перехода между интерпретируемым и скомпилированным кодом, а также сложную загрузку.

Несмотря на появление эдинбургского диалекта языка Prolog Алан Колмероэ продолжал развивать свой, марсельский диалект Prolog. Команда проекта полностью переписала супервайзер (в современной инженерии употребляют термин «ядро»), но оставила возможность инфиксных операторов деклариования. В компилятор добавили метаморфозную грамматику. Рене Баццоли использовал анализатор для чтения правил Prolog сверху‑вниз.

В течение 1975 года целая команда занималась портированием интерпретатора Prolog на 16-битный миникомпьютер Telemecanique T1600. Компьютер имел целых 64 Кб оперативной памяти, а систему управления виртуальной памятью для него писали специально.

В 1977 году Дэвид Уоррен в Эдинбургском университете защитил докторскую диссертацию в области искусственного интеллекта. Научными руководителями значились Роберт Ковальски и Дональд Мичи.

Фото: Мейнфрейм DEC PDP-10
Фото: Мейнфрейм DEC PDP-10

Prolog и все, все, все

Интерес разработчиков программного обеспечения к логическому программированию непостоянен, как в семидесятые годы прошлого столетия, так и в настоящее время. Научные публикации повышают интерес и крайне завышенные ожидания о том, что вот теперь получится решить все проблемы. А затем наступает разочарование, как и после всех завышенных ожиданий и шумихи.

Первая волна интереса к методологии логического программирования поднялась в 1972 году после ряда научных публикаций Роберта Ковальски, Дональда Кюнера, Алана Колмероэ других. Жак Коэн (Jacques Cohen) пригласил представителей команды Алана Колмероэ в Бостон и представил учёным из Массачусетского политехнического института (MIT). Тёплый приём исследователям из Марселя оказали Марвин Мински (Marvin Minsky), (Eugene Charniak), Карл Хьюитт (Carl Eddie Hewitt) и Терри Виноград (Terry Winograd). Затем разработчики посетили Стэнфорд. Побывали в лаборатории искусственного интеллекта Джона Маккарти (John McCarthy), встретили там Кордела Грина (Cordell Green) и пообщались с Робертом Флойдом (Robert Floyd).

Однако, как это часто бывает в научном мире, после бурного восхищения новым направлением в программной инженерии в период с 1972 по 1974 годы наступил спад. С одной стороны, крайне активно и агрессивно вели себя противники логического программирования. С другой стороны, сторонние разработчики не видели дял себя практической пользы приложения синтаксического анализа Prolog.

Вторая волна интереса уже не столько к логическому программированию, сколько к практической реализации этой теории, поднялась в 1974–1975 годах. Разработка Дэвидом Уорреном эдинбургского диалекта языка Prolog всколыхнула угасший интерес исследователей. В Эдинбурге к разработке подключились Алан Банди (Alan Bundy), Род Бёрстолл (Rod Burstall), Майкл Гордон (Michael J. C. Gordon), Робин Милнер (Robin Milner) и Гордон Плоткин (Gordon Plotkin). Теорию логического программирования развивали Аарон Сломан (Aaron Sloman), Дэнни Боброу (Daniel G. Bobrow) и даже Карл Хьюитт (Carl Hewitt). Идея логического программирования на языке Prolog проникла во многие европейские университеты. Среди первооткрывателей следует назвать Луиса Перейра (Luis Pereira) из Лиссабона, Стена Аке Тарнлунда (Sten Ake Tarnlund) из Стокгольма, Петера Середи из Будапешта (Peter Szeredi) и Мориса Брюноге (Maurice Bruynooghe) из Лёвена (Бельгия).

В 1974 году после создания отдельного интерпретатора и компилятора язык Prolog начал существовать вне пределов приложения Prolog. Всё больше программистов проявляли неподдельный интерес к языку Prolog: Кит Кларк (Keith Clark) из колледжа Королевы Марии (Queen Mary College), Луис Перейра (Luís Pereira) из Лиссабона, Томаш Пьетшиковски (Tomasz Pietrzykowski) из Университета Ватерлоо (University of Waterloo, Канада).

Генри Кануи и Марк Бергман (Marc Bergman) использовали Prolog для разработки приложения Sycophante, предназначенное для оперирования символами. Жерар Баттани и Генри Мелони для университета в Гренобле разработали приложение распознавания речи, способное отвечать на вопросы. Приложение работало на операционной системе IBM CP‑CMS, а вычислительный комплекс IBM System 360–67 выдавал примерно 200 унификаций в секунду.

Дэвид Уоррен, Жерар Баттани, Генри Мелони не успевали выполнять запросы о поставках из Венгрии, Польши, Канады, Бельгии и устанавливать язык Prolog на компьютеры DEC PDP-10. В то время не существовало понятия «дистрибутив языка Prolog». Файлы Prolog мультиплицировали, проще говоря, размножали копированием.

В установке языка Prolog отличилась выпускница Монреальского университета Элен Ле Глоан (Hélène Le Gloan). Свою первую установку марсельской версии языка Prolog она выполнила в 1974 году в родном университете Монтеаля. Затем, в том же 1974 году, последовала установка языка Prolog на суперкомпьютер Control Data 6000 в Варшаве (Польша). Предварительно Элен адаптировала интерпретатор Prolog под возможности суперкомпьютера Control Data 6000. Объём доступных адресов в структуре данных оказался в три раза больше, чем это предусматривала марсельная версия Prolog. Элен заменила все обращения к массиву вызовами процедур упаковки и распаковки.

В 1975 году Роберт Ковальски стал доцентом в Имперском колледже (Imperial College) в Лондоне. Первое, что он сделал — создал исследовательскую группу логического программирования, следуя примеру Алана Колмероэ. Расположение Лондона как одной из мировых столиц внесло огромный вклад в распространение языка Prolog в мировом масштабе.

В 1976 году для популяризации языка Prolog Роберт Ковальски организовал при Имперском колледже семинары, используя для описания темы семинара словосочетание «логическое программирование». В семинарах принимали участие такие знаменитости как Алан Робинсон, Алан Колмероэ, Филипп Руссель.

Заключение

Вот так приложение Prolog, созданное в 1972 году в Марселе для перевода текста с английского на французский язык, превратилось в язык логического программирования Prolog, который увидел свет в 1974 году в Эдинбурге!

Источник

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    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 24.11.25 11:43 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 24.11.25 16:34 Mundo

    I wired 120k in crypto to the wrong wallet. One dumb slip-up, and poof gone. That hit me hard. Lost everything I had built up. Crypto moves on the blockchain. It's like a public record book. Once you send, that's it. No take-backs. Banks can fix wire mistakes. Not here. Transfers stick forever. a buddy tipped me off right away. Meet Sylvester Bryant. Guy's a pro at pulling back lost crypto. Handles cases others can't touch, he spots scammer moves cold. Follows money down secret paths. Mixers. Fake trades. Hidden swaps. You name it, he tracks it. this happens to tons of folks. Fat-finger a key. Miss one digit in the address. Boom. Billions vanish like that each year. I panicked. Figured my stash was toast for good. Bryant flipped the script. He jumps on hard jobs quick. Digs deep. Cracks the trail. Got my funds back safe. You're in the same boat? Don't sit there. Hit him up today. Email [email protected]. WhatsApp +1 512 577 7957. Or +44 7428 662701. Time's your enemy here. Scammers spend fast. Chains churn non-stop. Move now. Grab your cash back home.

  • 25.11.25 05:15 michaeldavenport218

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 25.11.25 13:31 mickaelroques52

    CRYPTO TRACING AND INVESTIGATION EXPERT: HOW TO RECOVER STOLEN CRYPTO_HIRE RAPID DIGITAL RECOVERY

  • 25.11.25 13:31 mickaelroques52

    I’ve always considered myself a careful person when it comes to money, but even the most cautious people can be fooled. A few months ago, I invested some of my Bitcoin into what I believed was a legitimate platform. Everything seemed right, professional website, live chat support and even convincing testimonials. I thought I had done my homework. But when I tried to withdraw my funds, everything fell apart. My account was blocked, the so-called support team disappeared and I realized I had been scammed. The shock was overwhelming. I couldn’t believe I had fallen for it. That Bitcoin represented years of savings and sacrifices and it felt like everything had been stolen from me in seconds. I didn’t sleep for days and I was angry at myself for trusting the wrong people. In my desperation, I started searching for solutions and came across Rapid Digital Recovery. At first, I thought it was just another promise that would lead nowhere. But after speaking with them, I realized this was different. They were professional, clear and understanding. They explained exactly how they track stolen funds through blockchain forensics and what steps would be taken in my case. I gave them all the transaction details and they immediately got to work. What impressed me most was their transparency, they gave me updates regularly and kept me involved in the process. After weeks of investigation, they achieved what I thought was impossible: they recovered my stolen Bitcoin and safely returned it to my wallet. The relief I felt that day is indescribable. I went from feeling hopeless and broken to feeling like I had been given a second chance. I am forever grateful to Rapid Digital Recovery. They didn’t just recover my money, they restored my peace of mind. If you’re reading this because you’ve been scammed, please know you’re not alone and that recovery is possible. I’m living proof that with the right help, you can get your funds back... Contact Info Below WhatSapp:  + 1 414 807 1485 Email:  rapiddigitalrecovery (@) execs. com Telegram:  + 1 680 5881 631

  • 26.11.25 18:18 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 26.11.25 18:20 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 26.11.25 19:13 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site

  • 26.11.25 19:13 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site

  • 26.11.25 19:13 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site

  • 27.11.25 10:56 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 27.11.25 10:56 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 27.11.25 20:04 deborah113

    Scammed Crypto Asset Recovery Solution Hire iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY When I traded online, I lost both my investment money and the anticipated gains.  Before permitting any withdrawals, the site kept requesting more money, and soon I recognized I had been duped.  It was really hard to deal with the loss after their customer service ceased responding.  I saw a Facebook testimonial about how iForce Hacker Recovery assisted a victim of fraud in getting back the bitcoin she had transferred to con artists.  I contacted iForce Hacker Recovery, submitted all relevant case paperwork, and meticulously followed the guidelines.  I'm relieved that I was eventually able to get my money back, including the gains that were initially displayed on my account. I'm sharing my story to let others who have been conned know that you can recover your money. WhatsApp: +1 240-803-3706 Email: iforcehk @ consultant. c om Website: ht tps:/ /iforcehackers. c om

  • 27.11.25 23:48 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 27.11.25 23:48 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 28.11.25 00:08 VERONICAFREDDIE809

    Earlier this year, I made a mistake that changed everything. I downloaded what I thought was a legitimate trading app I’d found through a Telegram channel. At first, everything looked real until I tried to withdraw. My entire investment vanished into a bot account, and that’s when the truth hit me: I had been scammed. I can’t describe the feeling. It was as if the ground dropped out from under me. I blamed myself. I felt stupid, ashamed, helpless every painful emotion at once. For a while, I couldn’t even talk about it. I thought no one would understand. But then I found someone Agent Jasmine Lopez ([email protected])WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035. ,She didn’t brush me off or judge me. She took my fear seriously. She followed leads I didn’t even know existed, and identified multiple off-chain indicators and wallet clusters linked to the scammer network, she helped me understand what had truly happened behind the scenes. For the first time since everything fell apart, I felt hope. Hearing that other people students, parents, hardworking people had been targeted the same way made me realize I wasn’t alone. What happened to us wasn’t stupidity. It was a coordinated attack. We were prey in a system built to deceive. And somehow, through all the chaos, Agent Jasmine stepped in and shined a light into the darkest moment of my life. I’m still healing from the experience. It changed me. But it also reminded me that even when you think you’re at the end, sometimes a lifeline appears where you least expect it.

  • 28.11.25 11:15 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 28.11.25 11:15 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 28.11.25 11:43 elizabethmadison

    My name is Elizabeth Madison currently living in New York. There was a time I felt completely broken. I had trusted a fraudulent bitcoin investment organization, who turned out to be a fraudster. I sent money, believing their sweet words and promises on the interest rate I will get back in return, only to realize later that I’ve been scammed. On the day of withdrawal there was no money in my account. The pain hit deep. I couldn’t sleep, I kept asking myself how I could have been so careless, meanwhile my mom was battling with a stroke and the expenses were too much. For days, I cried and blamed myself. The betrayal, the disappointment and my mom's health issues all of this stress made me want to give up on life. But one day, I decided that sitting in pain wouldn’t solve anything. I picked myself up and chose to fight for what I lost then I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how he helped people recover their funds from online fraud. I emailed all the transactions and paperwork I had with the fraudulent organization and they helped me recover all my lost money in just five days. If you have ever fallen victim to scammers, contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES to help you recover every penny you have lost. (Text +1(406)2729101) Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site (Email [email protected])

  • 28.11.25 11:43 elizabethmadison

    My name is Elizabeth Madison currently living in New York. There was a time I felt completely broken. I had trusted a fraudulent bitcoin investment organization, who turned out to be a fraudster. I sent money, believing their sweet words and promises on the interest rate I will get back in return, only to realize later that I’ve been scammed. On the day of withdrawal there was no money in my account. The pain hit deep. I couldn’t sleep, I kept asking myself how I could have been so careless, meanwhile my mom was battling with a stroke and the expenses were too much. For days, I cried and blamed myself. The betrayal, the disappointment and my mom's health issues all of this stress made me want to give up on life. But one day, I decided that sitting in pain wouldn’t solve anything. I picked myself up and chose to fight for what I lost then I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how he helped people recover their funds from online fraud. I emailed all the transactions and paperwork I had with the fraudulent organization and they helped me recover all my lost money in just five days. If you have ever fallen victim to scammers, contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES to help you recover every penny you have lost. (Text +1(406)2729101) Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site (Email [email protected])

  • 29.11.25 12:35 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 29.11.25 12:35 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 29.11.25 12:35 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 30.11.25 20:37 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 01.12.25 12:27 Thomas Muller

    YOU CAN REACH OUT TO GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES FOR HELP TO RECOVER YOUR STOLEN BTC OR ETH BACK WHATSAPP +1(208)713-0697 I once fell victim to online investment scheme that cost me a devastating €254,000. I’m Thomas Muller from Berlin, Germany. The person I trusted turned out to be a fraud, and the moment I realized I’d been deceived, my entire world stopped. I immediately began searching for legitimate ways to recover my funds and hold the scammer accountable. During my search, I came across several testimonies of how Great Whip Recovery Cyber Services helped some people recover money they lost to cyber fraud, I contacted Great Whip Recovery Cyber Service team and provided all the evidence I had. Within about 36 hours, the experts traced the digital trail left by the fraudster, the individual was eventually tracked down and I recovered all my money back. You can contact them with,  website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site  text +1(406)2729101 email [email protected]

  • 01.12.25 12:27 Thomas Muller

    YOU CAN REACH OUT TO GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES FOR HELP TO RECOVER YOUR STOLEN BTC OR ETH BACK WHATSAPP +1(208)713-0697 I once fell victim to online investment scheme that cost me a devastating €254,000. I’m Thomas Muller from Berlin, Germany. The person I trusted turned out to be a fraud, and the moment I realized I’d been deceived, my entire world stopped. I immediately began searching for legitimate ways to recover my funds and hold the scammer accountable. During my search, I came across several testimonies of how Great Whip Recovery Cyber Services helped some people recover money they lost to cyber fraud, I contacted Great Whip Recovery Cyber Service team and provided all the evidence I had. Within about 36 hours, the experts traced the digital trail left by the fraudster, the individual was eventually tracked down and I recovered all my money back. You can contact them with,  website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site  text +1(406)2729101 email [email protected]

  • 01.12.25 23:45 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 01.12.25 23:45 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 02.12.25 02:21 donald121

    In 2025 alone, hackers stole over $1.5 billion in digital assets from users worldwide. That's a wake-up call for anyone holding crypto. Theft hits hard because once funds move, they're tough to get back. Common ways it happens include phishing emails that trick you into giving up keys, big exchange breaches, or malware sneaking into your wallet. Marie guide walks you through steps to recover stolen cryptocurrency. You'll learn quick actions to stop more loss, how to trace funds, and ways to fight back legally. Plus, tips to avoid this mess next time. reach her (infocyberrecoveryinc@gmail com and whatsapp:+1 7127594675)

  • 02.12.25 15:05 Matt Kegan

    Reach out to SolidBlock Forensics if you want to get back your coins from fake crypto investment or your wallet was compromised and all your coins gone. SolidBlock Forensics provide deep ethical analysis and investigation that enables them to trace these schemes, and recover all your funds. Their services are professional and reliable. 

  • 03.12.25 09:22 tyrelldavis1

    I still recall the day I fell victim to an online scam, losing a substantial amount of money to a cunning fraudster. The feeling of helplessness and despair that followed was overwhelming, and I thought I had lost all hope of ever recovering my stolen funds. However, after months of searching for a solution, I stumbled upon a beacon of hope - GRAYWARE TECH SERVICE, a highly reputable and exceptionally skilled investigative and recovery firm. Their team of expert cybersecurity professionals specializes in tracking and retrieving money lost to internet fraud, and I was impressed by their unwavering dedication to helping victims like me. With their extensive knowledge and cutting-edge technology, they were able to navigate the complex world of online finance and identify the culprits behind my loss. What struck me most about GRAYWARE TECH SERVICE was their unparalleled expertise and exceptional customer service. They took the time to understand my situation, provided me with regular updates, and kept me informed throughout the entire recovery process. Their transparency and professionalism were truly reassuring, and I felt confident that I had finally found a reliable partner to help me recover my stolen money. Thanks to GRAYWARE TECH SERVICE, I was able to recover a significant portion of my lost funds, and I am forever grateful for their assistance. Their success in retrieving my money not only restored my financial stability but also restored my faith in the ability of authorities to combat online fraud. If you have fallen victim to internet scams, I highly recommend reaching out to GRAYWARE TECH SERVICE - their expertise and dedication to recovering stolen funds are unparalleled, and they may be your only hope for retrieving what is rightfully yours. You can reach them on whatsapp+18582759508 web at ( https://graywaretechservice.com/ )    also on Mail: ([email protected]

  • 03.12.25 21:01 VERONICAFREDDIE809

    Earlier this year, I made a mistake that changed everything. I downloaded what I thought was a legitimate trading app I’d found through a Telegram channel. At first, everything looked real until I tried to withdraw. My entire investment vanished into a bot account, and that’s when the truth hit me: I had been scammed. I can’t describe the feeling. It was as if the ground dropped out from under me. I blamed myself. I felt stupid, ashamed, helpless every painful emotion at once. For a while, I couldn’t even talk about it. I thought no one would understand. But then I found someone Agent Jasmine Lopez ([email protected]) ,She didn’t brush me off or judge me. She took my fear seriously. She followed leads I didn’t even know existed, and identified multiple off-chain indicators and wallet clusters linked to the scammer network, she helped me understand what had truly happened behind the scenes. For the first time since everything fell apart, I felt hope. Hearing that other people students, parents, hardworking people had been targeted the same way made me realize I wasn’t alone. What happened to us wasn’t stupidity. It was a coordinated attack. We were prey in a system built to deceive. And somehow, through all the chaos, Agent Jasmine stepped in and shined a light into the darkest moment of my life. I’m still healing from the experience. It changed me. But it also reminded me that even when you think you’re at the end, sometimes a lifeline appears where you least expect it. Contact her at [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035.

  • 03.12.25 22:17 Tonerdomark

    I lost $300,000 in USDC to a phishing scam. Scammers tricked me with a fake wallet link. They drained my account fast. I felt hopeless. No way to get it back. Then Sylvester stepped in. His skills traced the funds. He recovered every bit. USDC is a stablecoin tied to the dollar. Phishing scams hit hard in crypto. They fool you with urgent emails or sites. Billions vanish each year this way. Sylvester knows blockchain tracks. He used tools to follow the trail. I got my money back in weeks. Skills like his turn loss to win. Don't wait if scammed. Contact Mr. Sylvester now. Email: yt7cracker@gmail. com. WhatsApp only: + 1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701. He helped me. He can help you.

  • 04.12.25 01:37 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 04.12.25 01:37 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 04.12.25 04:35 Tonerdomark

    I lost $300,000 in USDC to a phishing scam. Scammers tricked me with a fake wallet link. They drained my account fast. I felt hopeless. No way to get it back. Then Sylvester stepped in. His skills traced the funds. He recovered every bit. USDC is a stablecoin tied to the dollar. Phishing scams hit hard in crypto. They fool you with urgent emails or sites. Billions vanish each year this way. Sylvester knows blockchain tracks. He used tools to follow the trail. I got my money back in weeks. Skills like his turn loss to win. Don't wait if scammed. Contact Mr. Sylvester now. Email: [email protected]. WhatsApp only: + 1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701. He helped me. He can help you.

  • 04.12.25 10:32 Tonerdomark

    I lost $300,000 in USDC to a phishing scam. Scammers tricked me with a fake wallet link. They drained my account fast. I felt hopeless. No way to get it back. Then Sylvester stepped in. His skills traced the funds. He recovered every bit. USDC is a stablecoin tied to the dollar. Phishing scams hit hard in crypto. They fool you with urgent emails or sites. Billions vanish each year this way. Sylvester knows blockchain tracks. He used tools to follow the trail. I got my money back in weeks. Skills like his turn loss to win. Don't wait if scammed. Contact Mr. Sylvester now. Email: [email protected]. WhatsApp only: + 1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701. He helped me. He can help you.

  • 04.12.25 18:25 smithhazael

    Hire Proficient Expert Consultant For any form of lost crypto "A man in Indonesia tragically took his own life after losing his family's savings to a scam. The shame and blame were too much to bear. It's heartbreaking to think he might still be alive if he knew help existed. "PROFICIENT EXPERT CONSULTANTS, I worked alongside PROFICIENT EXPERT CONSULTANTS when I lost my funds to an investment platform on Telegram. PROFICIENT EXPERT CONSULTANTS did a praiseworthy job, tracked and successfully recovered all my lost funds a total of $770,000 within 48hours after contacting them, with their verse experience in recovery issues and top tier skills they were able to transfer back all my funds into my account, to top it up I had full access to my account and immediately converted it to cash, they handled my case with professionalism and empathy and successfully recovered all my lost funds, with so many good reviews about PROFICIENT EXPERT CONSULTANTS, I’m glad I followed my instincts after reading all the reviews and I was able to recovery everything I thought I had lost, don’t commit suicide if in any case you are caught in the same situation, contact: Proficientexpert@consultant. com Telegram: @ PROFICIENTEXPERT, the reliable experts in recovery.

  • 04.12.25 21:45 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 04.12.25 21:45 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 05.12.25 08:35 into11

    The digital world of cryptocurrency offers big chances, but it also hides tricky scams. Losing your crypto to fraud feels awful. It can leave you feeling lost and violated. This guide tells you what to do right away if a crypto scam has hit you. These steps can help you get funds back or stop more trouble. Knowing what to do fast can change everything,reach marie ([email protected] and whatsapp:+1 7127594675)

  • 05.12.25 08:48 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = [email protected]

  • 06.12.25 01:44 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = [email protected]

  • 06.12.25 01:48 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = [email protected]

  • 06.12.25 10:36 Thomas Muller

    YOU CAN REACH OUT TO GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES FOR HELP TO RECOVER YOUR STOLEN BTC OR ETH BACK WHATSAPP +1(208)713-0697 I once fell victim to online investment scheme that cost me a devastating €254,000. I’m Thomas Muller from Berlin, Germany. The person I trusted turned out to be a fraud, and the moment I realized I’d been deceived, my entire world stopped. I immediately began searching for legitimate ways to recover my funds and hold the scammer accountable. During my search, I came across several testimonies of how Great Whip Recovery Cyber Services helped some people recover money they lost to cyber fraud, I contacted Great Whip Recovery Cyber Service team and provided all the evidence I had. Within about 36 hours, the experts traced the digital trail left by the fraudster, the individual was eventually tracked down and I recovered all my money back. You can contact them with,  website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site  text +1(406)2729101 email [email protected]

  • 06.12.25 10:36 Thomas Muller

    YOU CAN REACH OUT TO GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES FOR HELP TO RECOVER YOUR STOLEN BTC OR ETH BACK WHATSAPP +1(208)713-0697 I once fell victim to online investment scheme that cost me a devastating €254,000. I’m Thomas Muller from Berlin, Germany. The person I trusted turned out to be a fraud, and the moment I realized I’d been deceived, my entire world stopped. I immediately began searching for legitimate ways to recover my funds and hold the scammer accountable. During my search, I came across several testimonies of how Great Whip Recovery Cyber Services helped some people recover money they lost to cyber fraud, I contacted Great Whip Recovery Cyber Service team and provided all the evidence I had. Within about 36 hours, the experts traced the digital trail left by the fraudster, the individual was eventually tracked down and I recovered all my money back. You can contact them with,  website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site  text +1(406)2729101 email [email protected]

  • 06.12.25 10:39 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 06.12.25 10:42 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 07.12.25 08:43 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = [email protected]

  • 08.12.25 02:17 liam

    I recently fell a victim of cryptocurrency investment and mining scam, I lost almost all my life savings to BTC scammers. I almost gave up because the amount of crypto I lost was too much. So I spoke to a friend who told me about ANTHONYDAVIESTECH company. I Contacted them through their email and i provided them with the necessary information they requested from me and they told me to be patient and wait to see the outcome of their job. I was shocked after two days my Bitcoin was returned to my Wallet. All thanks to them for their genius work. I Contacted them via Email: anthonydaviestech @ gmail . com all thanks to my friend who saved my life

  • 08.12.25 09:07 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = [email protected]

  • 09.12.25 00:18 swanky

    For a long time, I had heard tales of individuals striking it rich through cryptocurrency investments, but I had little knowledge of how the system operated. The potential for financial gain piqued my interest, and I decided to dive in and invest. To help me navigate this complex landscape, I joined a group of online traders who promised to guide me through the investment process. Their confidence and expertise made me feel reassured about my decision.After spending some time learning from them and observing their trading strategies, I felt compelled to invest a substantial amount of money to which i lost, now in search of recovering my funds i got referred to anthonydavies on telegram a funds recovery specialist with his team help i was able to get back $300000 of my usdc back. you can reach him via anthonydaviestech AT gmail dot com

  • 09.12.25 01:01 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = Yt7CRACKER@gmail. com

  • 09.12.25 05:44 swanky

    For a long time, I had heard tales of individuals striking it rich through cryptocurrency investments, but I had little knowledge of how the system operated. The potential for financial gain piqued my interest, and I decided to dive in and invest. To help me navigate this complex landscape, I joined a group of online traders who promised to guide me through the investment process. Their confidence and expertise made me feel reassured about my decision.After spending some time learning from them and observing their trading strategies, I felt compelled to invest a substantial amount of money to which i lost, now in search of recovering my funds i got referred to anthonydavies on telegram a funds recovery specialist with his team help i was able to get back $300000 of my usdc back. you can reach him via anthonydaviestech AT gmail dot com

  • 09.12.25 10:24 lane3215

    It is distressing to lose USDT to a bitcoin wallet hack. Although challenging, recovering stolen USDT is feasible. Your chances increase if you move swiftly and strategically. Marie can help you with reporting the theft, recovering USDT, and taking immediate action. You can reach her via mail at [email protected], WhatsApp at +1 7127594675.

  • 09.12.25 10:25 lane3215

    It is distressing to lose USDT to a bitcoin wallet hack. Although challenging, recovering stolen USDT is feasible. Your chances increase if you move swiftly and strategically. Marie can help you with reporting the theft, recovering USDT, and taking immediate action. You can reach her via mail at [email protected], WhatsApp at +1 7127594675.

  • 09.12.25 14:16 Matt Kegan

    Grateful i came across SolidBlock Forensics. After investing in crypto trade and couldn't make withdrawals, it dawned on me something was wrong. They kept on asking for taxes, fees for maintenance, and more money for admin reasons. But being represented by SolidBlock Forensics, i was able to file reports, and finally, received all my investments with returns. Its great to know we have professionals that handle such issues and get the job done. 

  • 12.12.25 22:38 swanky

    After reading some reviews on how [anthonydaviestech AT gmail dot (c om) helps people recover money and Cryptocurrencies lost to scammers, I decided to contact him to help me recover mine which I lost in february 2025. To my surprise he was able to trace the USDT from the first wallet to all the wallets it has been sent to. He moved them out of those wallets and returned them back to mine and even added extra to me, it felt like magic.

  • 13.12.25 08:22 Natasha Williams

    I am Natasha Williams from Dallas. I want to share my testimony to encourage anyone who has ever fallen victim to a scam or fraud. Some time ago, I was defrauded by some fraudulent cryptocurrency investment organization online, I was a victim and I lost a huge amount of money, $382,000. I felt angry, disappointed and helpless but I refused to give up and stay calm. I came across this agency, GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES.. who helped people recover their money from scammers and the testimonies I saw were quite amazing. And I decided to contact them. I gathered every piece of evidence, chats, receipts, account details, and messages and reported the case to the agency, GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES. After 73hours of follow up and not losing faith, the fraudster was traced and held accountable and I recovered all my money back. I highly recommend, GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES agency if you have ever fallen victim to scammers, you can contact them. Website: https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site email: [email protected] Call Line: +1(406)2729101

  • 13.12.25 08:23 Natasha Williams

    I am Natasha Williams from Dallas. I want to share my testimony to encourage anyone who has ever fallen victim to a scam or fraud. Some time ago, I was defrauded by some fraudulent cryptocurrency investment organization online, I was a victim and I lost a huge amount of money, $382,000. I felt angry, disappointed and helpless but I refused to give up and stay calm. I came across this agency, GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES.. who helped people recover their money from scammers and the testimonies I saw were quite amazing. And I decided to contact them. I gathered every piece of evidence, chats, receipts, account details, and messages and reported the case to the agency, GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES. After 73hours of follow up and not losing faith, the fraudster was traced and held accountable and I recovered all my money back. I highly recommend, GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES agency if you have ever fallen victim to scammers, you can contact them. Website: https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site email: [email protected] Call Line: +1(406)2729101

  • 13.12.25 08:28 Natasha Williams

    I am Natasha Williams from Dallas. I want to share my testimony to encourage anyone who has ever fallen victim to a scam or fraud. Some time ago, I was defrauded by some fraudulent cryptocurrency investment organization online, I was a victim and I lost a huge amount of money, $382,000. I felt angry, disappointed and helpless but I refused to give up and stay calm. I came across this agency, GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES.. who helped people recover their money from scammers and the testimonies I saw were quite amazing. And I decided to contact them. I gathered every piece of evidence, chats, receipts, account details, and messages and reported the case to the agency, GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES. After 73hours of follow up and not losing faith, the fraudster was traced and held accountable and I recovered all my money back. I highly recommend, GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES agency if you have ever fallen victim to scammers, you can contact them. Website: https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site email: [email protected] Call Line: +1(406)2729101

  • 13.12.25 15:29 Anthonymorphy30

    ⬛️ ARE YOU SEEKING TO RECOVER YOUR LOST FUNDS FROM INVESTMENT/TRADING SCAM OR ROMANCE SCAM??? OR YOU NEED LEGIT HACKING SERVICES SUCH AS PHONE HACK, WEBSITE HACK AND MORE????? TAKE YOUR TIME TO READ ⬛️ ⬛️ We have received numerous complaints of fraud associated with Romance Scam, websites that offers opportunities for Capital Investments, bitcoin investments and Trading on an Internet-based trading platforms. Most Of theese complaints falls into these theee categories: 1. 🔘Refusal to credit customers accounts or reimburse funds to customers: These complaints typically involves customers who have deposited money into their trading or investment account and eventually got deprived from withdrawing their capital and profits by the trading platforms. 2. 🔘Manipulation of software to generate losing trades: These complaints alleged that the Internet-based Investment and trading platforms manipulate the trading software to distort the Trading prices and payouts in order to ensure that the trade results in a Loss. 3. 🔘 Romance Scam where a scammer pretends to have romantic interest in someone to gain their trust—and then uses that trust to steal money or personal information. ⬛️ Most people have lost their hard earned money through these types of Scams but don’t know how to get a Legitimate Funds Recovery Expert. Truth be told, the only Specialists that is capable of retrieving your lost funds to these scams are Team of professional hackers and cyber forensic experts and this is where FUNDS RETRIEVAL PANEL comes in. FUNDS RETRIEVAL PANEL is an amalgamation of top notch Hackers, Cyber forensic Experts, Software Engineers and Backend Gurus who are dedicated to helping victims retrieve their Lost funds from online scams and frauds. We are the Leading Funds Recovery Expert who know various Retrieval Techniques and Strategies that suits different scenarios of Scam. With years of experience in the financial and tech sectors, we are the trusted solution for individuals looking to recover lost money. CONTACT US NOW to schedule your free consultation and start the process of recovering your funds. 🌍 www.fundsretrievalpanel.com 🌍 📩 [email protected]✉️ ☑️ We Also have a segregated Department that focuses on other LEGIT HACKING SERVICES SUCH AS: ▪️ PHONE HACKING & CLONING : very useful for getting evidence from someone else’s phone by gaining full access to all they do on their phones. ▪️ WEBSITE AND DATABASE HACKING 💻 ▪️ SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS HACKING 📱 ▪️LOCATION TRACKING 📌 CONTACT: 📩 [email protected]

  • 13.12.25 18:52 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site or Call +1(406)2729101

  • 13.12.25 18:54 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site or Call +1(406)2729101

  • 18.12.25 12:12 Anthony Irvin

    I forgot my password 🔑 -- But they helped me recover my entire wallet. Successful Brute-Force Hack... On January 16, 2023, INTELLIGENCE CYBER WIZARD successfully hacked my Langerhans.DAT Android DOGECOIN wallet to recover the lost/forgotten spending PIN, necessary for spending funds. It took them only three (3) days to complete the task. It turned out that the spending PIN was only ten (10) digits long, which I had mistakenly believed to be twelve. Once Intelligence Cyber Wizard discovered and recited the full ten-digit PIN to me, based on "clues" I had given them and that only I knew, it reminded me a bit of when I set up the PIN back in 2015. In my case, I made the mistake of not writing it down. The wallet file in this case contained a little over 10.5 million DOGECOINs installed on it, spread across a total of 15 DOGE public wallet addresses and their corresponding private keys. When I acquired the 10.5 million coins in 2015, the total cost to me was only around $1,500, based on the current face value of DOGE at the time, which was approximately $0.0001 per coin. The wallet file had been inaccessible to me since December 27, 2015, after I realized I had forgotten my spending PIN. Before finding Intelligence Cyber Wizard, I had had several other encounters with people who were unsuccessful in recovering the wallet's spending PIN. So, as it turned out, I actually ended up much better off financially because I had forgotten my spending PIN. Had I not forgotten, I would have traded or sold the 10.5 million coins in question during the 2017 cryptocurrency bull run, along with another 40 million DOGECOIN that I sold that year. Even after accounting for a portion of the recovered coins that was awarded to Intelligence Cyber Wizard for their efforts, I still gained a significant financial advantage. Therefore, I am deeply grateful to Intelligence Cyber Wizard, for the swift and successful recovery of my wallet. Their efforts have undoubtedly had a truly transformative impact on my life in the long run. I highly recommend Intelligence Cyber Wizard services if you or someone you know has a wallet that needs hacking and whose password or spending PIN has been lost or forgotten. Contact Intelligence Cyber Wizard via WhatsApp or email. WhatsApp +1 (219) 424-7566 Email: intelligencecyberwizard @ gmail.com Email: intelligencecyberwizard @ cyber-wizard.com Website: https: //intelligence-cyber-wizard.web node.page

  • 18.12.25 13:24 Regency Victorian

    I was scammed and left penniless, until a cryptocurrency recovery expert helped me. INTELLIGENCE CYBER WIZARD - Cryptocurrency Recovery. I was scammed out of a huge amount of money and, devastated, I started looking for help. Someone recommended an expert and private investigator, Intelligence Cyber Wizard. I emailed him, and as soon as I explained what had happened, he immediately told me it had all been a setup. He put my case together, and within a few days, we got a result: I recovered all my money! Intelligence Cyber Wizard was amazing, professional, and efficient; he guided me through the entire process. I can't thank him and his forensic team enough. I can live again! His contact information is below. WhatsApp +1 (219) 424-7566 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: https://intelligence-cyber-wizard.webnode.page

  • 18.12.25 20:54 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site or Call +1(406)2729101

  • 18.12.25 20:55 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site or Call +1(406)2729101

  • 18.12.25 21:02 James Robert

    This company call GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES was honest from the beginning. No false promises – just results. Call:+1(406)2729101

  • 18.12.25 21:02 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site or Call +1(406)2729101

  • 20.12.25 16:03 VERONICAFREDDIE809

    Earlier this year, I made a mistake that changed everything. I downloaded what I thought was a legitimate trading app I’d found through a Telegram channel. At first, everything looked real until I tried to withdraw. My entire investment vanished into a bot account, and that’s when the truth hit me: I had been scammed. I can’t describe the feeling. It was as if the ground dropped out from under me. I blamed myself. I felt stupid, ashamed, helpless every painful emotion at once. For a while, I couldn’t even talk about it. I thought no one would understand. But then I found someone Agent Jasmine Lopez ([email protected]) ,She didn’t brush me off or judge me. She took my fear seriously. She followed leads I didn’t even know existed, and identified multiple off-chain indicators and wallet clusters linked to the scammer network, she helped me understand what had truly happened behind the scenes. For the first time since everything fell apart, I felt hope. Hearing that other people students, parents, hardworking people had been targeted the same way made me realize I wasn’t alone. What happened to us wasn’t stupidity. It was a coordinated attack. We were prey in a system built to deceive. And somehow, through all the chaos, Agent Jasmine stepped in and shined a light into the darkest moment of my life. I’m still healing from the experience. It changed me. But it also reminded me that even when you think you’re at the end, sometimes a lifeline appears where you least expect it. Contact her at [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035.

  • 06.01.26 00:54 justineluscacio

    I hope this review gets to as many as possible because I am sure it will save many. On March 15, I received a message on Telegram inviting me to join a Cryptocurrency investment group. At first, I thought it was a harmless invitation. I joined and began to see how a specific crypto and forex trader was helping many people and even gifting out Bitcoin to his loyal followers. I was thrilled; many people in the group were reporting their daily successes and how they were earning a substantial amount. I was jealous; I saw people making a lot of money, but not me. I became furious and decided to contact the group's admin, not realizing I had fallen for their trap. That Telegram channel was a hoax, controlled by an organized team of scammers. Within 3 months of being on that platform, I had given out a whopping 11 Bitcoin in total. I was lost when I was logged out of the investment website and blocked from accessing their Telegram channel. I tried all the means I could think of at that moment, all to no avail. It went from days to weeks, and I still couldn't get back my lost Bitcoin.  I was on Medium when I came across a review about digital assets recovery companies. There were quite a few of them, but DuneNectarOnlineExpert caught my attention. I copied their email ( Support @ Dunenectaronlineexpert . Com ), filed a report, and my task was attended to with utmost urgency. After back and forth with this team of cybersecurity experts, DuneNectarOnlineExpert successfully traced the Bitcoin to the scammers' wallet, and it was successfully reclaimed. The team of DuneNectarOnlineExpert was incredibly helpful in recovering my lost Bitcoin. Telegram: T.me/Dunenectarwebexpert WhatApp: +(1252-271-8900) 

  • 06.01.26 15:05 justineluscacio

    I hope this review gets to as many as possible because I am sure it will save many. On March 15, I received a message on Telegram inviting me to join a Cryptocurrency investment group. At first, I thought it was a harmless invitation. I joined and began to see how a specific crypto and forex trader was helping many people and even gifting out Bitcoin to his loyal followers. I was thrilled; many people in the group were reporting their daily successes and how they were earning a substantial amount. I was jealous; I saw people making a lot of money, but not me. I became furious and decided to contact the group's admin, not realizing I had fallen for their trap. That Telegram channel was a hoax, controlled by an organized team of scammers. Within 3 months of being on that platform, I had given out a whopping 11 Bitcoin in total. I was lost when I was logged out of the investment website and blocked from accessing their Telegram channel. I tried all the means I could think of at that moment, all to no avail. It went from days to weeks, and I still couldn't get back my lost Bitcoin.  I was on Medium when I came across a review about digital assets recovery companies. There were quite a few of them, but DuneNectarOnlineExpert caught my attention. I copied their email ( Support @ Dunenectaronlineexpert . Com ), filed a report, and my task was attended to with utmost urgency. After back and forth with this team of cybersecurity experts, DuneNectarOnlineExpert successfully traced the Bitcoin to the scammers' wallet, and it was successfully reclaimed. The team of DuneNectarOnlineExpert was incredibly helpful in recovering my lost Bitcoin. Telegram: T.me/Dunenectarwebexpert WhatApp: +(1252-271-8900) 

  • 06.01.26 16:06 justineluscacio

    Successful Bitcoin Recovery Testimonials in Europe, USA, UK, Asia, Canada, South Africa.

  • 06.01.26 16:07 justineluscacio

    Successful Bitcoin Recovery Testimonials in Europe, USA, UK, Asia, Canada, South Africa. BITCOIN RECOVERY EXPERT USDT RECOVERY EXPERT ETH RECOVERY EXPERT How do I hire a hacker to help me recover my lost funds? How to Recover Money Lost to an Online Scam How to recover lost or stolen cryptocurrency Best recovery experts for cryptocurrency DuneNectarOnlineExpert was incredibly helpful in recovering my lost Bitcoin. Telegram: T.me/Dunenectarwebexpert WhatApp: +(1252-271-8900)

  • 06.01.26 16:14 justineluscacio

    I hope this review gets to as many as possible because I am sure it will save many. On March 15, I received a message on Telegram inviting me to join a Cryptocurrency investment group. At first, I thought it was a harmless invitation. I joined and began to see how a specific crypto and forex trader was helping many people and even gifting out Bitcoin to his loyal followers. I was thrilled; many people in the group were reporting their daily successes and how they were earning a substantial amount. I was jealous; I saw people making a lot of money, but not me. I became furious and decided to contact the group's admin, not realizing I had fallen for their trap. That Telegram channel was a hoax, controlled by an organized team of scammers. Within 3 months of being on that platform, I had given out a whopping 11 Bitcoin in total. I was lost when I was logged out of the investment website and blocked from accessing their Telegram channel. I tried all the means I could think of at that moment, all to no avail. It went from days to weeks, and I still couldn't get back my lost Bitcoin.  I was on Medium when I came across a review about digital assets recovery companies. There were quite a few of them, but DuneNectarOnlineExpert caught my attention. I copied their email ( Support @ Dunenectaronlineexpert . Com ), filed a report, and my task was attended to with utmost urgency. After back and forth with this team of cybersecurity experts, DuneNectarOnlineExpert successfully traced the Bitcoin to the scammers' wallet, and it was successfully reclaimed. The team of DuneNectarOnlineExpert was incredibly helpful in recovering my lost Bitcoin. Telegram: T.me/Dunenectarwebexpert WhatApp: +(1252-271-8900) 

  • 06.01.26 17:03 Matt Kegan

    Reach out to SolidBlock Forensics if you want to get back your coins from fake crypto investment or your wallet was compromised and all your coins gone. SolidBlock Forensics provide deep ethical analysis and investigation that enables them to trace these schemes, and recover all your funds. Their services are professional and reliable.  http://www.solidblockforensics.com

  • 09.01.26 17:11 VERONICAFREDDIE809

    Earlier this year, I made a mistake that changed everything. I downloaded what I thought was a legitimate trading app I’d found through a Telegram channel. At first, everything looked real until I tried to withdraw. My entire investment vanished into a bot account, and that’s when the truth hit me: I had been scammed. I can’t describe the feeling. It was as if the ground dropped out from under me. I blamed myself. I felt stupid, ashamed, helpless every painful emotion at once. For a while, I couldn’t even talk about it. I thought no one would understand. But then I found someone Agent Jasmine Lopez ([email protected]) ,She didn’t brush me off or judge me. She took my fear seriously. She followed leads I didn’t even know existed, and identified multiple off-chain indicators and wallet clusters linked to the scammer network, she helped me understand what had truly happened behind the scenes. For the first time since everything fell apart, I felt hope. Hearing that other people students, parents, hardworking people had been targeted the same way made me realize I wasn’t alone. What happened to us wasn’t stupidity. It was a coordinated attack. We were prey in a system built to deceive. And somehow, through all the chaos, Agent Jasmine stepped in and shined a light into the darkest moment of my life. I’m still healing from the experience. It changed me. But it also reminded me that even when you think you’re at the end, sometimes a lifeline appears where you least expect it. Contact her at [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035.

  • 10.01.26 14:28 justineluscacio

    I hope this review gets to as many as possible because I am sure it will save many. On March 15, I received a message on Telegram inviting me to join a Cryptocurrency investment group. At first, I thought it was a harmless invitation. I joined and began to see how a specific crypto and forex trader was helping many people and even gifting out Bitcoin to his loyal followers. I was thrilled; many people in the group were reporting their daily successes and how they were earning a substantial amount. I was jealous; I saw people making a lot of money, but not me. I became furious and decided to contact the group's admin, not realizing I had fallen for their trap. That Telegram channel was a hoax, controlled by an organized team of scammers. Within 3 months of being on that platform, I had given out a whopping 11 Bitcoin in total. I was lost when I was logged out of the investment website and blocked from accessing their Telegram channel. I tried all the means I could think of at that moment, all to no avail. It went from days to weeks, and I still couldn't get back my lost Bitcoin. I was on Medium when I came across a review about digital assets recovery companies. There were quite a few of them, but DuneNectarOnlineExpert caught my attention. I copied their email ( Support @ Dunenectaronlineexpert . Com ), filed a report, and my task was attended to with utmost urgency. After back and forth with this team of cybersecurity experts, DuneNectarOnlineExpert successfully traced the Bitcoin to the scammers' wallet, and it was successfully reclaimed. The team of DuneNectarOnlineExpert was incredibly helpful in recovering my lost Bitcoin. Telegram: T.me/Dunenectarwebexpert WhatApp: +(1252-271-8900)

  • 11.01.26 03:16 austinjarvis

    I lost £75,000 in a Bitcoin scam. Scammers used deepfake videos to make it seem like Elon Musk himself pitched the deal. These deepfakes swap faces onto real people with AI. They look so real you can't spot the trick at first. They drew me in with talk of fast cash. Double your money in weeks, they said. Videos showed Musk explaining simple steps to join. I bit. Sent my Bitcoin bit by bit. First small amounts worked. Then I dumped my full savings. Boom. Funds vanished. No more contact. My bank account empty. Bills piled up. Loans to cover rent and food. Sleep gone. Stress hit hard. Felt like my whole life crashed. A mate saw my pain. He shared his own story from last year. Same scam type. He pointed me to Sylvester, a recovery agent. Reach him at Yt7cracker@gmail . com. Or WhatsApp + 1 512 577 7957. Or + 44 7428 662701. Sylvester got to work fast. Tracked the blockchain trails. Dealt with exchanges. Fought the scammers' tricks. Weeks later, my Bitcoin came back. Even the profits they promised. Debt lifted. Life back on track. If you're hit, contact him now.

  • 12.01.26 16:24 VERONICAFREDDIE809

    Earlier this year, I made a mistake that changed everything. I downloaded what I thought was a legitimate trading app I’d found through a Telegram channel. At first, everything looked real until I tried to withdraw. My entire investment vanished into a bot account, and that’s when the truth hit me: I had been scammed. I can’t describe the feeling. It was as if the ground dropped out from under me. I blamed myself. I felt stupid, ashamed, helpless every painful emotion at once. For a while, I couldn’t even talk about it. I thought no one would understand. But then I found someone Agent Jasmine Lopez ([email protected]) ,She didn’t brush me off or judge me. She took my fear seriously. She followed leads I didn’t even know existed, and identified multiple off-chain indicators and wallet clusters linked to the scammer network, she helped me understand what had truly happened behind the scenes. For the first time since everything fell apart, I felt hope. Hearing that other people students, parents, hardworking people had been targeted the same way made me realize I wasn’t alone. What happened to us wasn’t stupidity. It was a coordinated attack. We were prey in a system built to deceive. And somehow, through all the chaos, Agent Jasmine stepped in and shined a light into the darkest moment of my life. I’m still healing from the experience. It changed me. But it also reminded me that even when you think you’re at the end, sometimes a lifeline appears where you least expect it. Contact her at [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035.

  • 13:04 Kelvin Alfons

    Hello everyone. I’d like to share my personal experience from one of the most challenging times in my life. I’m based in Sydney, Australia, and on November 13, 2025, I fell victim to a fraudulent cryptocurrency investment platform that promised substantial financial growth.  Believing their claims, I invested a total of $220,000 with the expectation of earning solid returns. However, when I attempted to withdraw my funds, all communication abruptly stopped. My calls were ignored, my emails went unanswered, and I was left feeling completely powerless. Like many others, I had heard that Bitcoin transactions are impossible to trace, so I assumed my money was lost forever.  After some time, I discovered information about GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES, a reputable digital asset recovery firm. I decided to reach out to them, and to my astonishment, they were able to help me recover the full amount I had lost.  I’m sharing my story in the hope that it may help someone else who is going through a similar situation and looking for support. Their contact is, Website: https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site Email:[email protected] Call: +1(406)2729101

  • 13:05 Kelvin Alfons

    Hello everyone. I’d like to share my personal experience from one of the most challenging times in my life. I’m based in Sydney, Australia, and on November 13, 2025, I fell victim to a fraudulent cryptocurrency investment platform that promised substantial financial growth.  Believing their claims, I invested a total of $220,000 with the expectation of earning solid returns. However, when I attempted to withdraw my funds, all communication abruptly stopped. My calls were ignored, my emails went unanswered, and I was left feeling completely powerless. Like many others, I had heard that Bitcoin transactions are impossible to trace, so I assumed my money was lost forever.  After some time, I discovered information about GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES, a reputable digital asset recovery firm. I decided to reach out to them, and to my astonishment, they were able to help me recover the full amount I had lost.  I’m sharing my story in the hope that it may help someone else who is going through a similar situation and looking for support. Their contact is, Website: https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site Email:[email protected] Call: +1(406)2729101

  • 15:53 VERONICAFREDDIE809

    Earlier this year, I made a mistake that changed everything. I downloaded what I thought was a legitimate trading app I’d found through a Telegram channel. At first, everything looked real until I tried to withdraw. My entire investment vanished into a bot account, and that’s when the truth hit me: I had been scammed. I can’t describe the feeling. It was as if the ground dropped out from under me. I blamed myself. I felt stupid, ashamed, helpless every painful emotion at once. For a while, I couldn’t even talk about it. I thought no one would understand. But then I found someone Agent Jasmine Lopez ([email protected]) ,She didn’t brush me off or judge me. She took my fear seriously. She followed leads I didn’t even know existed, and identified multiple off-chain indicators and wallet clusters linked to the scammer network, she helped me understand what had truly happened behind the scenes. For the first time since everything fell apart, I felt hope. Hearing that other people students, parents, hardworking people had been targeted the same way made me realize I wasn’t alone. What happened to us wasn’t stupidity. It was a coordinated attack. We were prey in a system built to deceive. And somehow, through all the chaos, Agent Jasmine stepped in and shined a light into the darkest moment of my life. I’m still healing from the experience. It changed me. But it also reminded me that even when you think you’re at the end, sometimes a lifeline appears where you least expect it. Contact her at [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035.

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