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Н Новости

PPU Zhenwu 810E от Alibaba: как китайский AI-ускоритель справляется с LLM

28827843a7519407cf3e2ea57dae932f.jpg

Привет, я Дмитрий, MLOps-инженер в Selectel.

Современный ландшафт AI-ускорителей изобилует всевозможными устройствами: GPU, TPU, NPU, LPU и прочими удивительными аббревиатурами. Китайские компании активно участвуют в этой колоссальной гонке, и в данном материале я расскажу, как мы тестировали AI-ускоритель от Alibaba Group.

В первую очередь мы хотели понять, что за устройство перед нами и как его можно использовать в наших стандартных сценариях для инференса — прежде всего в качестве ноды для облачного Kubernetes или как самостоятельный dedicated-сервер. Что ж, давайте разбираться.

Пару слов про PPU

Компания Chaitex предоставила нам для тестирования сервер в виде AI-станции. Она поставляется с предустановленными драйверами и компонентами для работы через UI-интерфейс. Так как работа через UI — не наш целевой вариант использования, то все тесты касались потенциальной возможности интегрировать такой сервер в нашу облачную инфраструктуру.

8f5cd61d730cbcffdd1a5b264c2cb252.png

Возможности изменить ОС и драйверы не представилось, но в официальной документации есть ссылки на загрузку версий драйверов.

Конфигурация сервера включает в себя 16 PPU Zhenwu 810E. Их разрабатывает подразделение Alibaba — T-HEAD (Pingtou Ge Semiconductor Co., Ltd.). Сами Alibaba называют устройство Parallel Processing Unit. Можно воспринимать его как отдельный класс ускорителей, вроде TPU или GPU.

Zhenwu 810E, согласно характеристикам, оснащен 96GB HBM2e с заявленной пропускной способностью 2 765 ГБ/с (~2,77 ТБ/с), интерфейсом PCIe 5.0 x 16 и собственным межчиповым интерконнектом ICN с заявленной суммарной пропускной способностью до 700 ГБ/с на ускоритель. Суммарно на сервере мы имеем 1 536 ГБ HBM2e VRAM — довольно впечатляющий объем.

Документация и совместимость

Весь стек, связанный с PPU, — суверенный и локальный, нативные NVIDIA-библиотеки и инструменты не работают с PPU, хотя заявляется, что существует совместимость с исходниками для CUDA-кода. Но эти исходники нужно компилировать под PPU c помощью PPU SDK для портирования. Ниже приведена схема компиляции из документации.

Схема компиляции Cuda-кода под PPU. Источник.
Схема компиляции Cuda-кода под PPU. Источник.

Таким образом, все привычные для трейнинга и инференса библиотеки и тулы — PyTorch, Transformers, flashattention, vLLM и прочие — должны быть портированы под PPU.

Адаптацией библиотек, тулов и квантизацией моделей занимается также компания T-HEAD. Что касается документации — она доступна на китайском языке и скорее предназначена разработчикам SDK. В комплекте с AI-станцией идет русскоязычная инструкция по работе с установленной на сервер инференс-платформой Alibaba AI Stack. Я же в своих исследованиях пользовался документацией по облачному сервису Alibaba Cloud Zhenwu PPU Service. Часть информации доступна на английском, но самая актуальная выглядит так:

Пример китайской документации. Источник.
Пример китайской документации. Источник.

Если хотите на английском — будьте добры пройти на глобальный портал облака, но имейте в виду, что там документация доступна только в предыдущей итерации. А актуальность доступной информации для PPU имеет важное значение, и далее вы поймете, почему.

Так вот, портированный и скомпилированный стек для инференса предоставляется в виде собранного Docker-образа. Сам образ имеет определенный тег и в документации можно посмотреть конкретные версии библиотек и тулов, адаптированных под PPU.

Список портированных библиотек в образе PPU SDK. Источник.
Список портированных библиотек в образе PPU SDK. Источник.

И вот тут проявляется основной риск использования этого стека. При появлении новой актуальной модели или новой версии инференс-сервера мы вынуждены дожидаться, пока команда T-HEAD портирует все это под PPU. Даже в текущей ситуации мы зачастую ждем поддержку архитектуры: например, в vLLM некоторое время и в особых случаях пользуемся nightly-образами.

C PPU эта итерация увеличивается на неопределенный срок — например, на 26.08.2026 актуальный образ vLLM имеет версию v0.27.0, а актуальная сборка для PPU, которую можно найти только на китайской версии Alibaba Cloud, имеет в своем составе vLLM v0.23.0. Плюс для PPU существуют рекомендуемые квантизации весов моделей — и их квантизацией занимается тоже команда T-HEAD.

Что касается квантования, здесь есть важный момент. PPU поддерживает FP32, BF16 и FP16, а также следующие схемы квантизации: W8A8 (INT8), AWQ (W4A16), и GPTQ (W4A16, W8A16). Сами Alibaba советуют для инференса использовать W8A8 квантизацию моделей: она компактнее полновесных, при этом нет критического падения качества. В частности, актуальные на текущий момент модели с такой квантизацией, которую советуют производители PPU, это DeepSeek R1, DeepSeek v3.2, Kimi-K2-Instruct, Qwen3-235B-A22B, GLM-5, MiniMax-M2.5 и Qwen3.5-397B-A17B:

The following are examples of quantized models adapted for SDK 2.0. The system login credentials are the same as your PTG PIP credentials. If you do not have them, contact your account manager:
 
DeepSeek-R1: Supports per-token/per-channel a8w8 (int8) quantization. 
DeepSeek v3.2: Supports per-token/per-channel a8w8 (int8) quantization.  
Kimi-K2-Instruct: Supports per-token/per-channel a8w8 (int8) quantization.
Qwen3-235B-A22B: Supports per-token/per-channel a8w8 (int8) quantization.
GLM-5: Supports per-token/per-channel w8a8 (int8) quantization.
MiniMax-M2.5: Supports per-token/per-channel w8a8 (int8) quantization. 
Qwen3.5-397B-A17B: Supports per-token/per-channel w8a8 (int8) quantization.

В самом же UI-интерфейсе AI-станции можно увидеть такой список предлагаемых моделей вендором:

b32ea4e167efc757d3141123b6c145a7.png

Можно оценить «свежесть» моделей и рекомендуемые квантизации. И раздобыть такие веса — та еще задача.

На Hugging Face T-HEAD не представлена — есть модели в W8A8, но от неверифицированных источников, официально не поддерживаемых T-HEAD. Сами T-HEAD выкладывают свои модели на китайском аналоге Hugging Face — Modelscope.cn (на глобальной версии Modelscope.ai их нет).

Модель от T-HEAD на Modelscope.
Модель от T-HEAD на Modelscope.

Внутри образа PPU SDK модель качается без авторизаций и токенов:


modelscope download --model T-HEAD/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-0731-W8A8-INT8 --local_dir deepseek

Для привычных NVIDIA-утилит есть аналоги: часть доступна на самом сервере, часть — внутри образа PPU SDK . Я делаю акцент на доступности тулов вот почему: согласно документации от cloud-сервиса PPU Zhenwu 810e, чтобы добыть deb- / rpm-пакет аналога DCGM, нужен какой-то аккаунт.

Скриншот про доступ к скачиванию deb-пакета.
Скриншот про доступ к скачиванию deb-пакета.

Речь идет только о cloud-сервисе, документацией которого я пользовался, или вообще о всей обвязке PPU — непонятно, но найти rpm-пакет для ppu-dcgm мне не удалось.

В UI-интерфейсе AI-станции меж тем метрики PPU отображены.

Скриншот метрик AI-станции.
Скриншот метрик AI-станции.

Обзор сервера

Итак, приступаем к практическим шагам. В первую очередь хотелось получить хоть какую-то знакомую информацию и я воспользовался ppu-smi — аналогом nvidia-smi. Он показывает 16 PPU-устройств с похожими метриками утилизации, возможным MIG-профилем (!), версией драйвера и возможной версией HGGC.

[root@ali117196 ~]# ppu-smi
Tue Aug 18 22:02:09 2026
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| PPU-SMI 1.18          Driver Version: 1.6.3-8ee7e7  HGGC Version: N/A         |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| PPU  Name        Persistence M. | Bus-Id               | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf   Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage         | PPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                 |                      |               MIG M. |
+=================================+======================+======================+
| 0  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:C9:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  31C   N/A       90W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:C8:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  33C   N/A       86W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 2  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:80:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  30C   N/A       87W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 3  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:81:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  28C   N/A       92W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 4  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000000:7E:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  27C   N/A       90W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 5  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000000:7F:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  29C   N/A       87W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 6  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000000:C7:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  31C   N/A       90W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 7  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000000:C6:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  31C   N/A       85W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 8  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:A5:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  32C   N/A       87W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 9  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:A4:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  32C   N/A       89W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 10  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000001:0A:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  30C   N/A       89W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 11  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000001:0B:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  28C   N/A       86W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 12  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000000:08:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  28C   N/A       87W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 13  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000000:09:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  31C   N/A       86W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 14  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000000:A3:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  33C   N/A       88W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 15  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000000:A2:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  32C   N/A       90W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                    |
| PPU    GI   CI   PID      Type  Process name                       PPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                     Usage      |
+===============================================================================+
| No running processes found                                                    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

PPU связаны между собой по хитрой физико-логической топологии.

Скрытый текст
[root@ali117196 ~]# ppu-smi topo -m 
         PPU0    PPU1    PPU2    PPU3    PPU4    PPU5    PPU6    PPU7    PPU8    PPU9    PPU10   PPU11   PPU12   PPU13   PPU14   PPU15   NIC0    NIC1    NIC2    NIC3    NIC4    NIC5    CPU Affinity    
NUMA Affinity
 PPU0    X       ICN2    ICN1    ICN2    ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     48-95,144-191   
2-3
 PPU1    ICN2    X       ICN2    ICN1    SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     48-95,144-191   
2-3
 PPU2    ICN1    ICN2    X       ICN1    SYS     SYS     ICN2    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     48-95,144-191   
2-3
 PPU3    ICN2    ICN1    ICN1    X       SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN2    SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     48-95,144-191   
2-3
 PPU4    ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     X       ICN2    ICN1    ICN2    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 PPU5    SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     ICN2    X       ICN2    ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 PPU6    SYS     SYS     ICN2    SYS     ICN1    ICN2    X       ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 PPU7    SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN2    ICN2    ICN1    ICN1    X       SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 PPU8    SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     X       ICN2    ICN1    ICN2    ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     48-95,144-191   
2-3
 PPU9    ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN2    X       ICN2    ICN1    SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     48-95,144-191   
2-3
 PPU10   SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    ICN2    X       ICN1    SYS     SYS     ICN2    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     SYS     48-95,144-191   
2-3
 PPU11   SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN2    ICN1    ICN1    X       SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN2    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     SYS     48-95,144-191   
2-3
 PPU12   SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     X       ICN2    ICN1    ICN2    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 PPU13   SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     ICN2    X       ICN2    ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 PPU14   SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     ICN2    SYS     ICN1    ICN2    X       ICN1    SYS     SYS     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 PPU15   SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     ICN2    ICN2    ICN1    ICN1    X       SYS     SYS     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 NIC0    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     X       SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     48-95,144-191   
2-3
 NIC1    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     X       SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 NIC2    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     PIX     SYS     SYS     X       SYS     SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 NIC3    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     X       SYS     SYS     0-47,96-143     
0-1
 NIC4    SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     PIX     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     X       SYS     48-95,144-191   
2-3
 NIC5    SYS     SYS     PIX     PIX     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     SYS     X       48-95,144-191   
2-3

Legend:

  X    = Self
  SYS  = Connection traversing PCIe as well as the SMP interconnect between NUMA nodes (e.g., QPI/UPI)
  NODE = Connection traversing PCIe as well as the interconnect between PCIe Host Bridges within a NUMA node
  PHB  = Connection traversing PCIe as well as a PCIe Host Bridge (typically the CPU)
  PXB  = Connection traversing multiple PCIe bridges (without traversing the PCIe Host Bridge)
  PIX  = Connection traversing at most a single PCIe bridge
  ICN# = Connection traversing a bonded set of # ICN links

NIC Legend:

  NIC0: mlx5_bond_0
  NIC1: mlx5_bond_1
  NIC2: mlx5_bond_2
  NIC3: mlx5_bond_3
  NIC4: mlx5_bond_4
  NIC5: mlx5_bond_5

PPU Rear Group:

  Rear ID 0: PPU 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
  Rear ID 1: PPU 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15

Например, в случае соединения через NVSwitch графические процессоры NVIDIA внутри узла связаны по принципу «все-со-всеми». В случае TPU — каждое устройство связано с соседом, и вместе они образуют многомерные кольца. Выглядит это примерно так:

Схема связей TPU-ускорителей для примера структуры. Источник.
Схема связей TPU-ускорителей для примера структуры. Источник.

Каждый Zhenwu 810E имеет семь физических ICN-линий. В зависимости от расположения пары ускорителей между ними может быть задействован один ICN-линк (ICN1), два объединенных линка (ICN2), либо обмен идет через системные PCIe (SYS).

Маркетинговая картинка, похоже, пытается отразить эти связи на скриншоте:

Маркетинговый скриншот PPU. Источник.
Маркетинговый скриншот PPU. Источник.

При этом восемь PPU образуют группу со своим оптимальным порядком взаимодействия между собой.


 Rear ID 0: PPU 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
 Rear ID 1: PPU 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15

Этот порядок важно учитывать и прокидывать в переменной CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES при инференсе модели на нескольких картах. Для облачного K8s разработана библиотека ACCL (аналог NCCL). В ее документации можно встретить такую ремарку про порядок взаимодействия PPU:

However, the PPU Inter-Connect Network (ICN) uses a non-fully connected topology. To achieve maximum performance with specific parallel strategies, manually configure the environment variables as needed. The core of this optimization is to allocate more ICN links to high-latency Communication Groups and reduce link sharing and contention between them. This improves the overall efficiency of interconnect communication.

# For TP=2:
export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=4,7,5,6,1,2,0,3,12,15,13,14,9,10,8,11
# For TP=4:
export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=4,5,7,6,0,1,3,2,9,8,10,11,13,12,14,15
# For TP=8:
export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=4,5,7,6,2,3,1,0,13,12,14,15,11,10,8,9
# No configuration needed for TP=1 or TP=16.

И хотя тут речь про связку Kubernetes + PPU и ACCL-библиотеки, для PCCL-библиотеки (тоже аналог NCCL) порядок также важен для оптимального интерконнекта.

Каждый ICN имеет пропускную способность примерно 53 ГБ/с.

root@ali117196 ~]# ppu-smi icn -s 
PPU 0: PPU-ZW810E (UUID: GPU-01de0211-0952-030e-0000-000060d7d05f)
    Link 0: 53 GB/s
    Link 1: 53 GB/s
    Link 2: 53 GB/s
    Link 3: 53 GB/s
    Link 4: 53 GB/s
    Link 5: 53 GB/s
    Link 6: 53 GB/s
PPU 1: PPU-ZW810E (UUID: GPU-019e2226-0480-0030-0000-000040937a19)
    Link 0: 53 GB/s
    Link 1: 53 GB/s
    Link 2: 53 GB/s
    Link 3: 53 GB/s
    Link 4: 53 GB/s
    Link 5: 53 GB/s
    Link 6: 53 GB/s
...
...
...

В документации не удалось найти, в одном или двух направлениях заявлено это значение, но вот у NVLink третьего и четвертого поколений (карты A100 и H100) пропускная способность одного линка — 50 ГБ/с в два направления.

Характеристики NVLink 3.0 и NVLink 4.0.
Характеристики NVLink 3.0 и NVLink 4.0.

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Тесты интерконнектов ICN

Далее были попытки протестировать интерконнект по аналогии с nccl_perf_tests.

Зачем вообще эти тесты проводить? Дело в том, что при инференсе моделей на нескольких ускорителях вычисления одного прохода сквозь сеть нужно синхронизировать между устройствами, обменяться промежуточными результатами или переслать токены между экспертами. Для этого существуют алгоритмы коллективных коммуникаций, а с помощью тестов NCCL (или PCCL в данном случае) можно зафиксировать значения пропускной способности таких взаимодействий.

В собранном образе PPU SDK нашлись скрипты, похожие по назначению на NCCL-тесты:

cd /usr/local/PPU_SDK/comm_tools/multi_process

ls
# all_reduce_perf
# alltoall_perf
# ...

Для типичных TP-сценариев критичны такие алгоритмы коммуникации, как AllReduce, AllGather и ReduceScatter, тогда как для экспертного параллелизма в моделях MoE важнее AlltoAll. В рамках нашего тестирования мы сфокусировались на операциях AllReduce и AlltoAll.

Попытка сразу запустить тест по аналогии с nccl-tests сразу завершилась ошибкой:

root@ali117196:/usr/local/PPU_SDK/comm_tools/multi_process# CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=4,5,7,6,2,3,1,0 ./all_reduce_perf -b 8M -e 1G -f 2 -g 8
# nThread 1 nGpus 8 minBytes 8388608 maxBytes 1073741824 offset <0>/<0> step: 2(factor) warmup iters: 5 iters: 20 validation: 1 single_test: 0 test_buffer_kind: both elapsed_type: cpu_time average: MIN register: 0
#
# Using devices
#   Rank  0 Group  0 Pid     168 on  ali117196 device  0 [0xc9] PPU-ZW810E
#   Rank  1 Group  0 Pid     168 on  ali117196 device  1 [0xc8] PPU-ZW810E
#   Rank  2 Group  0 Pid     168 on  ali117196 device  2 [0x80] PPU-ZW810E
#   Rank  3 Group  0 Pid     168 on  ali117196 device  3 [0xc7] PPU-ZW810E
#   Rank  4 Group  0 Pid     168 on  ali117196 device  4 [0x7f] PPU-ZW810E
#   Rank  5 Group  0 Pid     168 on  ali117196 device  5 [0x7e] PPU-ZW810E
#   Rank  6 Group  0 Pid     168 on  ali117196 device  6 [0xc6] PPU-ZW810E
#   Rank  7 Group  0 Pid     168 on  ali117196 device  7 [0x81] PPU-ZW810E

[ali117196][168:168][7][bootstrap.cc:93] NCCL ERROR Bootstrap : no socket interface found

[ali117196][168:168][7][net.cc:279] NCCL WARN net.cc:279 -> 3

[ali117196][168:168][7][init.cc:385] NCCL WARN init.cc:385 -> 3

[ali117196][168:168][7][init.cc:411] NCCL WARN init.cc:411 -> 3
ali117196: Test PCCL failure common.cu:1455 'internal error'

PCCL требовался сетевой интерфейс для инициализации и обмена служебной информацией. В моем случае это лечилось экспортом нужных env-переменных:

export NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=lo
export NCCL_SOCKET_FAMILY=AF_INET
export NCCL_DEBUG=INFO

В документации вендора указано, какие переменные установлены по дефолту:

Настройки базовых переменных окружения NCCL в документации вендора.

Первым тестом хотелось проверить базовый интерконнект разных типов соединений, указанных в матрице топологии ppu-smi topo между двумя PPU. Использовался AllReduce-тест с данными до 1 ГБ.

ICN2 для пары PPU0-PPU1

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 \
./all_reduce_perf -b 4096 -e 1G -f 2 -w 10 -n 50 -g 2

Весь лог публиковать не буду, покажу только последние пять значений.

size         time(us)    algbw     busbw
134217728     1544.41     86.91     86.91
268435456     3042.48     88.23     88.23
536870912     6034.78     88.96     88.96
1073741824   12014.10     89.37     89.37

# Out of bounds values : 0 OK

Получилось около 89,4 ГБ/с.

ICN1 для пары PPU0-PPU2

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,2 \
./all_reduce_perf -b 4096 -e 1G -f 2 -w 10 -n 50 -g 2
size         time(us)    algbw     busbw
134217728     3105.61     43.22     43.22
268435456     6136.45     43.74     43.74
536870912    12316.80     43.59     43.59
1073741824   24422.60     43.97     43.97

# Out of bounds values : 0 OK

Ожидаемо почти в два раза медленнее — около 44 ГБ/с.

SYS для пары PPU0-PPU5 без ICN

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,5 \
./all_reduce_perf -b 4096 -e 1G -f 2 -w 10 -n 50 -g 2
size         time(us)    algbw     busbw
134217728     9361.68     14.34     14.34
268435456    18748.80     14.32     14.32
536870912    37565.10     14.29     14.29
1073741824   75348.60     14.25     14.25

# Out of bounds values : 0 OK

Получилось около 14,3 ГБ/с.

Ранее я ссылался на информацию, что при инференсе на нескольких PPU очень важна топология размещения ускорителей — вот получили наглядное подтверждение. Если PPU подобраны не из одной локальной группы, то задержки при инференсе могут существенно вырасти.

Далее от пары PPU перейдем к тесту AllReduce между группой из восьми PPU одной ICN-группы.

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=4,5,7,6,2,3,1,0 \
./all_reduce_perf -b 4096 -e 1G  -f 2  -w 10  -n 50  -g 8
size            time(us)   algbw      busbw
67108864        560.70     119.69    209.45
134217728       1033.72    129.84    227.22
268435456       1957.16    137.16    240.02
536870912       3879.98    138.37    242.15
1073741824      7705.49    139.35    243.86

В сценарии AllReduce для восьми PPU общая нормализованная оценка эффективности коммуникационного слоя составляет 244 ГБ/с.

Для MoE-сценария используется другой алгоритм коммуникации — AlltoAll. Тут тест выполнялся на всех доступных 16 PPU.

./alltoall_perf -b 4096 -e 1G -f 2  -w 10 -n 50  -g 16
size         time(us)    algbw     busbw
33554432       449.19     74.70     70.03
67108864       862.86     77.78     72.91
134217728     1690.93     79.38     74.41
268435456     3346.55     80.21     75.20
536870912     6674.53     80.44     75.41
1073741824   13376.00     80.27     75.26

На 16 PPU нормализованная оценка эффективности коммуникационного слоя составляет 75 ГБ/с.

Полученные результаты пропускной способности коммуникационного слоя мы оставим для сравнения с другим железом, а далее перейдем к более привычным бенчмаркам моделей.

Попытки стартовать инференс

Далее нам нужно было запустить, наконец, какую-то доступную модель. Напомню, целевой способ использования сервера планируется в составе Kubernetes, поэтому инференс необходимо было запустить в подготовленных контейнерных образах с PPU SDK.

В документации к Alibaba Cloud PPU Service образы указаны с учетом реджистри Alibaba Cloud, но, к счастью, существует возможность скачать их из глобального и доступного без регистрации реджистри:

egslingjun-registry.cn-wulanchabu.cr.aliyuncs.com/egslingjun/inference-xpu-pytorch:26.04-v2.1.0-vllm0.23.0-torch2.10-cu130-20260710

И вот после скачивания образа возник вопрос о том, как именно прокидывать PPU в запущенный контейнер. В случае с NVIDIA GPU мы устанавливаем прослойку — nvidia-container-toolkit и через нее прокидываем GPU в Docker-контейнеры. Для PPU такой прослойки нет, и нужно прокидывать каждое устройство как девайс.

Список девайсов смотрим в /dev.

ls /dev 

alixpu
alixpu-caps
alixpu-caps-imex-channels
alixpu_ctl
alixpu_ppu0
alixpu_ppu1
alixpu_ppu10
alixpu_ppu11
alixpu_ppu12
alixpu_ppu13
alixpu_ppu14
alixpu_ppu15
alixpu_ppu2
alixpu_ppu3
alixpu_ppu4
alixpu_ppu5
alixpu_ppu6
alixpu_ppu7
alixpu_ppu8
alixpu_ppu9
alixpu_sep

А далее прокидываем устройства через параметр --device и видим внутри контейнера только то, что прокинули.

[root@ali117196 ~]# nerdctl run -it --device=/dev/alixpu_ppu0 --device=/dev/alixpu --device=/dev/alixpu_ctl egslingjun-registry.cn-wulanchabu.cr.aliyuncs.com/egslingjun/inference-xpu-pytorch:25.03-v1.4.3-hotfix-vllm0.7.3-torch2.5-cu123-20250331 -- bash 
=================================
PPU SDK Version:    v1.4.3-hotfix
CUDA Wrapper:       cuda-12.3
PyTorch Version:    2.5.1
NGC Version:        pytorch:-py3
Python Version:     Python 3.10.13
=================================
Setup environment for CUDA
[INFO] Get Dockerfile at /Dockerfile
Driver Version                              : 1.6.3-8ee7e7
HGGC Version                                : 11.1
SDK Version                                 : 1.4.3-15e77a
PPU 00000001:C9:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
[WARNING] shm-size 64M(docker default value) which may be not enough, add --shm-size=4g or bigger depend on your model

Внутри контейнера виден прокинутый девайс:

root@8d535cca6772:/workspace/pytorch# ppu-smi 
Tue Aug 18 22:58:22 2026
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| PPU-SMI 1.13          Driver Version: 1.6.3-8ee7e7  HGGC Version: 11.1        |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| PPU  Name        Persistence M. | Bus-Id               | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf   Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage         | PPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                 |                      |               MIG M. |
+=================================+======================+======================+
| 0  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:C9:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  31C   N/A       90W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                    |
| PPU    GI   CI   PID      Type  Process name                       PPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                     Usage      |
+===============================================================================+
| No running processes found                                                    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Есть небезопасный способ запускать контейнер через privileged-режим — так мы можем увидеть в контейнере все доступные на хосте PPU-устройства.

Скрытый текст
[root@ali117196 ~]# nerdctl run -it --privileged egslingjun-registry.cn-wulanchabu.cr.aliyuncs.com/egslingjun/inference-xpu-pytorch:25.03-v1.4.3-hotfix-vllm0.7.3-torch2.5-cu123-20250331 -- bash 
=================================
PPU SDK Version:    v1.4.3-hotfix
CUDA Wrapper:       cuda-12.3
PyTorch Version:    2.5.1
NGC Version:        pytorch:-py3
Python Version:     Python 3.10.13
=================================
Setup environment for CUDA
[INFO] Get Dockerfile at /Dockerfile
Driver Version                              : 1.6.3-8ee7e7
HGGC Version                                : 11.1
SDK Version                                 : 1.4.3-15e77a
PPU 00000001:C9:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000001:C8:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000001:80:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000001:81:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000000:7E:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000000:7F:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000000:C7:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000000:C6:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000001:A5:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000001:A4:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000001:0A:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000001:0B:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000000:08:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000000:09:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000000:A3:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
PPU 00000000:A2:00.0
    VBIOS Version                           : 1.6.12-af69f0
[WARNING] shm-size 64M(docker default value) which may be not enough, add --shm-size=4g or bigger depend on your model
root@813f06d4156e:/workspace/pytorch# nvidia-smi
Tue Aug 18 23:03:12 2026
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| PPU-SMI 1.13          Driver Version: 1.6.3-8ee7e7  HGGC Version: 11.1        |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| PPU  Name        Persistence M. | Bus-Id               | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf   Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage         | PPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                 |                      |               MIG M. |
+=================================+======================+======================+
| 0  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:C9:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  31C   N/A       90W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:C8:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  33C   N/A       86W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 2  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:80:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  29C   N/A       87W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 3  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:81:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  28C   N/A       91W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 4  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000000:7E:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  26C   N/A       90W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 5  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000000:7F:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  29C   N/A       87W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 6  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000000:C7:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  30C   N/A       89W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 7  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000000:C6:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  30C   N/A       85W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 8  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:A5:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  32C   N/A       88W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 9  PPU-ZW810E        N/A        | 00000001:A4:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  32C   N/A       89W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 10  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000001:0A:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  30C   N/A       89W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 11  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000001:0B:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  27C   N/A       86W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 12  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000000:08:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  28C   N/A       87W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 13  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000000:09:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  30C   N/A       86W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 14  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000000:A3:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  33C   N/A       88W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 15  PPU-ZW810E        N/A       | 00000000:A2:00.0     |                    0 |
| N/A  32C   N/A       89W / 400W | 3MiB / 98304MiB      |   0%        Default  |
|                                 |                      |             Disabled |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                    |
| PPU    GI   CI   PID      Type  Process name                       PPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                     Usage      |
+===============================================================================+
| No running processes found                                                    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Стандартная проверка CUDA-вызовов и определения устройств из torch работает:

root@813f06d4156e:/workspace/pytorch#  python 
Python 3.10.13 (main, Mar 24 2025, 13:57:47) [GCC 11.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import torch
>>> print("torch",torch.__version__)
torch 2.5.1
>>> print("cuda is available?",torch.cuda.is_available())
cuda is available? True
>>> print("device count", torch.cuda.device_count())
device count 16

В процессе попыток запуска контейнера возникало множество мелких, но поправимых багов вроде жестких ссылок и заранее определенных переменных, направленных на китайские ресурсы и зеркала. Жить можно, но нужно про это помнить.

После базовых тестов с контейнерами приступили к тестам моделей.

Тест DeepSeek-v4-Flash-0731-w8a8 (TP = 8)

В нашей команде при тестах новых моделей или железа мы используем стандартизированные профили нагрузки: так мы примерно понимаем, какой перформанс можно ожидать от модели и железа в различных сценариях. Мы определяем количество input-/output-токенов контекста и ступенчато поднимаем значение concurrency.

Для PPU и доступных моделей использовались три типовых сценария:

  • Chat: соотношение 1024/512 токенов — это наш бейзлайн;

  • RAG: соотношение 32k/1024 токенов — тяжелый prefill-сценарий;

  • Batch: соотношение 8k/8k токенов — упор на тяжелый decode-сценарий.

Мы оцениваем метрики по медианным значениям, а для анализа «хвостов» распределения отдельно выводим 99-й перцентиль — это позволяет получить более наглядную картину происходящего.

Запустить на всех 16 PPU DeepSeek-v4-Flash-0731 не удалось — проблема связана с расчетом конфигурации vLLM для этой архитектуры. Удалось запустить только на восьми PPU:

nerdctl run -it --privileged -p 8000:8000 -v /bmcp_lvm_fs/weights:/weights  egslingjun-registry.cn-wulanchabu.cr.aliyuncs.com/egslingjun/inference-xpu-pytorch:26.04-v2.1.0-vllm0.23.0-torch2.10-cu130-20260710 -- vllm serve /weights/deepseek --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --tensor-parallel-size 8 --trust-remote-code   --tool-call-parser deepseek_v4 --trust-remote-code --block-size 256   --served-model-name DeepSeek-V4-Flash-0731 --tokenizer-mode deepseek_v4   --reasoning-parser deepseek_v4 --enable-prefix-caching --enable-auto-tool-choice

Результаты получились следующие.

Chat-профиль — input 1024 / output 512

concurrency

rps

Output tok/s

Total tok/s

TTFT p50, ms

TTFT
p99, ms

TPOT p50, ms

TPOT p99, ms

ITL p50, ms

ITL p99, ms

E2E p50, s

8

0.83

424.88

1274.64

774.89

924.53

17.20

20.72

17.16

49.18

9.56

16

1.29

659.04

1977.13

806.10

1254.69

22.65

25.19

19.85

60.08

12.38

32

1.78

893.16

2679.47

1260.78

2269.00

32.59

36.64

26.42

297.19

17.91

64

2.27

1159.61

3478.82

1282.25

4371.09

52.42

56.45

36.10

626.39

28.07

128

2.78

1423.99

4271.98

2016.53

9974.66

85.36

90.93

51.65

695.35

45.64

200

3.03

1549.99

4649.96

2105.21

16219.64

124.66

130.32

68.41

704.41

65.81

RAG-профиль — input 32000 / output 1024

concurrency

rps

Output tok/s

Total tok/s

TTFT p50, ms

TTFT
p99, ms

TPOT p50, ms

TPOT p99, ms

ITL p50, ms

ITL p99, ms

E2E p50, s

8

0.17

170.38

5495.42

9732.87

25328.15

36.93

42.93

16.64

880.66

47.51

16

0.20

205.61

6631.78

9755.73

53255.65

66.41

72.35

22.62

934.93

77.69

32

0.22

229.16

7391.21

8073.62

105863.73

129.39

133.85

31.48

963.38

140.44

64

0.24

246.59

7953.47

8110.17

216192.78

245.58

248.55

48.29

980.98

259.34

128

0.25

256.12

8260.72

9920.58

343338.69

373.63

377.19

62.93

1002.25

392.14

Batch-профиль — input 8000 / output 8000

concurrency

rps

Output tok/s

Total tok/s

TTFT p50, ms

TTFT
p99, ms

TPOT p50, ms

TPOT p99, ms

ITL p50, ms

ITL p99, ms

E2E p50, s

8

0.05

402.72

805.64

3030.07

4888.42

19.51

20.02

18.76

37.38

159.09

16

0.08

666.42

1333.17

3105.28

10945.77

22.97

22.35

21.26

42.62

186.64

32

0.12

920.59

1841.65

3117.59

23389.97

32.46

32.88

28.78

57.60

262.77

64

0.16

1241.58

2483.78

3134.78

47682.74

46.69

46.97

39.28

87.49

376.61

128

0.20

1589.40

3179.60

22254.10

98019.58

70.69

72.88

61.48

774.03

587.7

200

0.25

1983.44

3967.87

77924.09

154652.57

90.61

99.22

81.58

785.40

802.71

Тест DeepSeek-v4-Flash-0731-w8a8 (TP = 8, DP = 2)

Следующим этапом была попытка все-таки задействовать все PPU на сервере. Модель развернута с настройками TP = 8 и DP = 2: внутри vLLM поднимаются два инстанса модели, каждая модель — на своей Rear-группе, при этом веса дублируются для каждого инстанса.

nerdctl run -d --name deepseek-dp2 --privileged -p 8000:8000 --ipc host -e NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=lo -e NCCL_SOCKET_FAMILY=AF_INET -e CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1,2,6,5,4,7,3,9,8,11,15,12,13,14,10 -e NCCL_DEBUG=INFO -v /bmcp_lvm_fs/weights:/weights egslingjun-registry.cn-wulanchabu.cr.aliyuncs.com/egslingjun/inference-xpu-pytorch:26.04-v2.1.0-vllm0.23.0-torch2.10-cu130-20260710 vllm serve /weights/deepest --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --tensor-parallel-size 8 --data-parallel-size 2 --api-server-count 1 --trust-remote-code --tool-call-parser deepseek_v4 --block-size 256 --served-model-name DeepSeek-V4-Flash-0731 --tokenizer-mode deepseek_v4 --reasoning-parser deepseek_v4  --enable-prefix-caching  --enable-auto-tool-choice

Chat-профиль — input 1024 / output 512

concurrency

rps

Output tok/s

Total tok/s

TTFT p50, ms

TTFT
p99, ms

TPOT p50, ms

TPOT p99, ms

ITL p50, ms

ITL p99, ms

E2E p50, s

8

0.40

204.43

614.89

585.31

30441.69

33.18

45.61

32.61

66.62

17.54

16

0.82

421.7

1268.50

588.36

1622.51

34.78

43.43

33.39

72.05

18.36

32

1.27

651.36

1959.16

922.80

11111.10

35.81

51.26

33.14

70.81

19.22

64

2.34

1198.35

3604.42

598.80

3888.74

44.75

46.54

36.77

85.69

23.47

128

3.46

1772.74

5332.06

9922.66

9943.59

54.05

62.01

36.51

79.77

37.54

200

4.44

2271.28

6831.59

2243.70

2310.39

83.75

86.85

45.34

140.94

45.04

RAG-профиль — input 32000 / output 1024

concurrency

rps

Output tok/s

Total tok/s

TTFT p50, ms

TTFT
p99, ms

TPOT p50, ms

TPOT p99, ms

ITLp50, ms

ITL p99, ms

E2E p50, s

8

0.15

154.15

4971.87

9428.09

15486.22

42.34

51.69

32.40

678.93

52.74

16

0.23

231.28

7459.73

10477.13

35403.48

56.29

65.38

32.48

1049.86

68.06

32

0.30

309.07

9968.70

10547.06

70376.56

88.09

98.98

32.89

1088.70

100.86

64

0.33

341.41

11011.86

11085.03

171970.61

156.24

195.07

36.41

1104.02

170.92

128

0.35

358.76

11571.30

61363.78

319504.48

290.26

363.80

46.59

2127.90

358.30

200

0.34

345.90

11156.70

211045.88

500653.61

352.76

529.64

61.71

4571.02

571.92

Batch-профиль — input 8000 / output 8000

concurrency

rps

Output tok/s

Total tok/s

TTFT p50, ms

TTFT
p99, ms

TPOT p50, ms

TPOT p99, ms

ITL p50, ms

ITL p99, ms

E2E p50, s

8

0.03

239.88

479.88

2664.73

4117.08

33.08

33.70

32.33

64.47

267.27

16

0.06

455.60

911.42

2841.76

7376.09

33.45

34.25

32.86

65.93

270.41

32

0.10

785.25

1570.90

3700.71

14680.93

36.77

37.39

35.29

70.72

297.82

64

0.16

1283.54

2567.72

4458.39

35348.15

40.36

40.85

36.56

73.27

327.30

128

0.27

2138.02

4277.11

14419.98

58887.38

50.78

52.03

41.82

100.73

420.61

200

0.37

2973.57

5948.62

46438.41

91203.03

61.22

66.50

54.04

109.97

536.14

Если сравнить результаты, то в этом эксперименте эффект от data parallelism появляется при большом батче. По графикам видно, что примерно с concurrency от 64 второй инстанс модели начинает влиять на метрики производительности. Возможно, два независимых инстанса с роутером перед ними будут давать совершенно другой перформанс, но такую гипотезу проверить не удалось.

Графики сравнения перформанса разных типов инференса DeepSeek-v4-Flash-0731.
Графики сравнения перформанса разных типов инференса DeepSeek-v4-Flash-0731.
Тепловая карта метрик производительности DeepSeek-v4-Flash-0731.
Тепловая карта метрик производительности DeepSeek-v4-Flash-0731.

На тепловой карте наглядно можно увидеть ситуацию с плато по перформансу для prefill-нагруженного сценария — RAG.

DeepSeek в каталоге готовых ИИ‑моделей. От 67 ₽/час

Запускайте ИИ в облаке Selectel для логических рассуждений, RAG и извлечения данных из документов.

Запустить DeepSeek →

Тест GLM-5.2 (TP = 16)

На самом сервере оказались полные веса GLM-5.2. При попытке запустить модель по вышеуказанному сценарию она свалилась — форк vLLM для PPU неправильно понимает чекпоинты и не может их загрузить.

ValueError: Following weights were not initialized from checkpoint:
{
  model.layers.47.self_attn.indexer.k_norm.weight,
  model.layers.4.self_attn.indexer.k_norm.bias,
  model.layers.37.self_attn.indexer.k_norm.bias,
  ...
}

Engine core initialization failed

Тест Kimi K2.6

Также на сервере находятся подготовленные веса Kimi K2.6 в квантизации W8A8 от T-HEAD. Эту модель удалось запустить без проблем. Результаты бенчмарков получились следующие.

Chat-профиль — input 1024 / output 512

concurrency

rps

Output tok/s

Total tok/s

TTFT p50, ms

TTFT
p99, ms

TPOT p50, ms

TPOT p99, ms

ITL p50, ms

ITL p99, ms

E2E p50, s

8

0.36

184.57

556.59

1647.36

7980.40

36.61

60.87

34.57

40.30

20.36

16

0.44

222.93

672.29

360.34

4737.80

69.94

85.57

63.62

83.91

36.10

32

0.53

271.12

817.61

531.96

2427.35

115.08

126.36

109.83

138.87

59.34

64

0.61

311.62

939.74

755.21

3790.68

195.57

213.23

173.71

287.22

100.69

128

0.92

473.10

1426.70

1302.72

2276.01

216.62

216.78

205.71

232.72

112

200

1.53

781.78

2357.56

1975.01

2599.19

251.81

252.12

240.92

475.16

130.65

RAG-профиль — input 32000 / output 1024

concurrency

rps

Output tok/s

Total tok/s

TTFT p50, ms

TTFT
p99, ms

TPOT p50, ms

TPOT p99, ms

ITL p50, ms

ITL p99, ms

E2E p50, s

8

0.04

80.30

1335.35

30431.34

62256.68

84.92

94.18

54.54

2289.76

117.30

16

0.04

84.23

1400.68

25154.27

150411.03

179.88

185.90

101.73

2536.83

209.17

32

0.04

83.87

1394.60

172385.76

622842

246.15

335.81

134.67

2563.79

424.2

64

0.04

84.92

1412.21

1047058.01

1203970.53

242.08

330.91

134.38

2551.54

1294.71

С ростом concurrency с таким контекстом емкость KV-Cache переполнена и сервер вышел на плато: 20 запросов в работе, остальные — в очереди.

Метрики утилизации KV-Cache для Kimi K2.6.
Метрики утилизации KV-Cache для Kimi K2.6.
Метрики очереди планировщика vLLM.
Метрики очереди планировщика vLLM.

Batch-профиль — input 8000 / output 8000

concurrency

rps

Output tok/s

Total tok/s

TTFT p50, ms

TTFT p99, ms

TPOT p50, ms

TPOT p99, ms

ITL p50, ms

ITL p99, ms

E2E p50

8

0.02

185.14

370.46

8856.09

17130.81

42.24

43.59

40.20

43.81

~ 5 m

16

0.03

204.9

410

9188.22

33908

76.73

77.79

71.92

84.20

~ 10 m

32

0.03

234.05

468

8488.17

73560.41

133.88

137.05

123.85

242.47

~ 17m

64

0.03

247.81

495.86

77351.28

805702.39

220.30

345.21

199.34

407.01

~ 30 m

128

0.03

241.55

483.34

1236760.05

3498485.51

245.52

465.25

199.37

2126.91

~ 53 m

200

0.03

244.03

488.03

2098643.76

5769940.37

238.92

456.35

199.26

2061.37

~ 66 m

С ростом concurrency также уперлись в KV-Cache и очередь.

Метрики KV-Cache утилизации для Kimi K2.6 на тесте 8k/8k.
Метрики KV-Cache утилизации для Kimi K2.6 на тесте 8k/8k.
Состояние очереди планировщика vLLM при тесте 8k/8k.
Состояние очереди планировщика vLLM при тесте 8k/8k.

Также для наглядности прикладываю график по E2E на 8k/8k-сценария.

График E2E для Kimi K2.6 на тесте 8k/8k.
График E2E для Kimi K2.6 на тесте 8k/8k.

Результирующие графики и тепловая карта также показывают выход на плато по перформансу для тяжелых prefill- и decode-сценариев.

Графики перформанса Kimi K2.6 на разных профилях теста.
Графики перформанса Kimi K2.6 на разных профилях теста.
Тепловая карта перформанса Kimi K2.6 на разных профилях теста.
Тепловая карта перформанса Kimi K2.6 на разных профилях теста.

Выводы

Справедливости ради, бейзлайна для сравнения у меня не оказалось под рукой. По идее, для адекватного сравнения нужен аналогичный сервер (например, конфигурация с 16 ускорителями A100). Между тем, с технической точки зрения AI-станция на базе 16 PPU имеет достойную пропускную способность ICN-интерконнекта и огромный объем VRAM — 1,5 ТБ. Подозреваю, что если глубже закопаться в документацию по настройке инференса для каждой доступной модели, можно выбить более интересные показатели на бенчмарках. Тем более что при поставке такого сервера в виде ПАК можно дополнительно получить от вендора дооптимизированные варианты open-source моделей семейства Qwen.

Полноценную интеграцию с Kubernetes в рамках теста мы не выполняли, хотя тесты показали возможность работать с контейнерами на специально подготовленных образах и с пробрасыванием PPU внутрь. Основной же блокер — стек на базе PPU SDK:

  • нет достаточного объема документации для эксплуатации. А та, что есть, скорее относится к облачному сервису Alibaba Cloud;

  • нет коммьюнити и экспертизы — даже в мировом масштабе. Любые нетривиальные проблемы могут обернуться блокером. Одна надежда на коммуникацию с T-HEAD;

  • неконтролируемый и непрогнозируемый лаг доработки PPU SDK для новых инструментов и моделей;

  • особенности квантизации — добыть модели в нужной квантизации непросто. И хотя сервер обладает огромным объемом VRAM, полновесные модели будут забирать значительную часть этого объема. Это, конечно, глобальная проблема, но тут адаптированные небольшие веса найти сложнее.

На мой взгляд, железо подходит под запуск согласованных, адаптированных и проверенных моделей. Это актуально для проектов в государственном и бигтех-секторах, где итерация обновлений моделей может быть долгой. Проект активно развивается, поэтому в будущем имеет смысл рассмотреть следующее поколение устройства — PPU Zhenwu M890.

Анонс нового PPU Zhenwu M890.
Анонс нового PPU Zhenwu M890.

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  • 06.07.26 16:20 Olga Ognjanović

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  • 06.07.26 16:31 Joseph Weigl

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  • 07.07.26 18:00 robertalfred175

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  • 07.07.26 18:01 robertalfred175

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  • 09.07.26 19:06 Toivo Walli

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  • 09.07.26 19:10 Misty Alexander

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  • 13.07.26 23:49 [email protected]

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  • 15.07.26 11:53 Sarah Green

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  • 16.07.26 21:38 patricialovick86

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  • 16.07.26 21:38 patricialovick86

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  • 18.07.26 23:51 bernalzenaida

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  • 19.07.26 04:10 Fraddy Pual

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  • 19.07.26 19:53 kimberlyhebertt6877

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  • 19.07.26 19:53 kimberlyhebertt6877

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  • 19.07.26 19:54 kimberlyhebertt6877

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  • 30.07.26 00:04 Ahmed

    A really cool analysis, thank you. I was especially struck by how strictly the order is defined: data processing and formatting come first, with color only at the very end. This really saves you from the typical mistake of "first a pretty palette, then we figure out what the chart is for." And the palette validator with OKLCH + colorblindness check is absolutely fantastic; you almost never see that in regular tools. By the way, while reading about rank-trajectory and the logarithmic scale, I immediately remembered how convenient it is to analyze dynamics on charts in ExpertOption—I've been trading there for quite some time now. When the data is well visualized, decisions are noticeably easier and more relaxed. I also liked the point about "no more than eight colors" and the dual-axis ban. Strict restrictions sometimes actually produce better results than complete freedom. I'll try this approach myself.

  • 30.07.26 17:27 wendytaylor015

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  • 30.07.26 17:27 wendytaylor015

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  • 31.07.26 16:21 rssllhrnsb

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  • 04.08.26 11:05 Kisnoles

    Excellent analysis, thank you. I was particularly struck by how rigidly the skill sets the order: data processing and form come first, with color coming last. This really cures the habit of "first a pretty palette, then we'll figure it out." A palette validator using OKLCH + color blindness + WCAG is something most chart generators lack. And regarding the boundaries of competence, it's very clear. Where there's a self-checking loop (color), you delegate freely. Where there's a heuristic (form, data interpretation), you remain the final filter. This is a universal principle, not just for /dataviz. By the way, when you look at trading dashboards (including those of decent platforms like ExpertOption), it's immediately clear who thought about readability and who just threw in rainbow lines. Tools like this skill could greatly improve the quality of analytics. Thanks again for the detailed analysis – saved.

  • 04.08.26 12:37 kimberlyhebertt6877

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  • 16.08.26 01:44 Matt Kegan

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  • 18.08.26 04:59 marcushenderson624

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  • 19.08.26 14:50 BAYER7043

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  • 20.08.26 11:32 michaeldavenport218

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  • 23.08.26 20:02 leslieyee

    Excellent analysis by /dataviz! I was particularly struck by how strictly the order is defined: "data meaning first, color last" and how the validator actually adjusts the palette according to OKLCH, color blindness, and WCAG standards. These rules greatly improve the quality of charts. By the way, a similar approach to clean and legible charts is highly valued in trading—for example, on the ExpertOption platform, the interface and price visualization are designed to ensure information is read instantly and without unnecessary noise.

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  • 30.08.26 15:37 [email protected]

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  • 02.09.26 03:43 kimberlyhebertt6877

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  • 05.09.26 21:38 [email protected]

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    My Experience With Cryptocurrency — CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER I lost over $82,000 in Bitcoin after falling victim to a fraudulent online investment scheme. After realizing I had been scammed, I spent considerable time researching possible ways to recover my funds. During my research, I came across CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER and decided to contact them after reading their reported success record and encouraging client positive reviews and testimonials. Their team guided me through the recovery process, and I was grateful to successfully recover my lost cryptocurrency. The experience was challenging, but I appreciated the assistance and support I received throughout the process. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it may encourage other victims to carefully research their options and verify any recovery service before proceeding. I will forever be thankful to you CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER 📧 [email protected] 🌐 Website: recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 📧 [email protected] 📞 Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684

  • 09.09.26 21:31 lisawerth897

    My Experience With Cryptocurrency — CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER I lost over $82,000 in Bitcoin after falling victim to a fraudulent online investment scheme. After realizing I had been scammed, I spent considerable time researching possible ways to recover my funds. During my research, I came across CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER and decided to contact them after reading their reported success record and encouraging client positive reviews and testimonials. Their team guided me through the recovery process, and I was grateful to successfully recover my lost cryptocurrency. The experience was challenging, but I appreciated the assistance and support I received throughout the process. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it may encourage other victims to carefully research their options and verify any recovery service before proceeding. I will forever be thankful to you CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER 📧 [email protected] 🌐 Website: recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 📧 [email protected] 📞 Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684

  • 09.09.26 23:22 Fraddy Pual

    Hearing that these individuals are focusing on other people makes me very sad. I had a similar situation with them and lost a lot of money, but after learning about (Cruxcipherteam @ proton DoT me), whataqq:+168160-15021, telegram: @Cruxcipherteam I was able to get my money back. It's critical that we all be watchful and keep reporting these occurrences.

  • 11.09.26 03:23 kimberlyhebertt6877

    I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] WhatsApp/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684

  • 11.09.26 03:23 kimberlyhebertt6877

    I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] WhatsApp/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684

  • 15.09.26 03:35 elioduncan

    I fell victim to a freelance web development contract scam that ultimately cost me CAD 4,000. It all started when I came across a job posting on Indeed Canada, a popular online job portal. The position seemed perfect: a freelance web developer role for an established company looking for someone to design and build a fully functional e-commerce website. The job promised a high payment of CAD 20,000 upon successful completion, which sounded like a great opportunity for me to gain experience and earn decent pay.The employer, who introduced himself as a project manager from a "well-known" tech company, was very persuasive and professional in our initial communication. He explained that the project involved developing a user-friendly, responsive online store for their client and that they had a strict timeline to meet. He assured me that the payment would be made promptly after completing the tasks. However, before starting the work, he told me that I would need to pay an upfront fee of CAD 4,000 to cover certain software tools and licensing fees required for the project. This was supposedly a part of their company policy for freelance contractors, ensuring access to their premium resources. The idea of working on a professional project, coupled with the promise of a substantial payout, convinced me to pay the upfront fee.As soon as I made the payment, the project manager became increasingly difficult to reach. He initially responded to my emails and provided some vague instructions on what the project would entail, but as time went on, communication slowed to a complete halt. I never received the required tools or any proper project details. My emails went unanswered, and any attempts to contact the company were met with silence. After waiting for weeks, I realized that I had been scammed.Desperate to recover my money, I turned to TechY Force Cyber Retrieval, a service that specializes in helping victims of online scams. They helped me track the payment and took legal steps to pursue the fraudsters. Through their guidance, I was able to recover the full CAD 4,000. TechY Force Cyber Retrieval worked with my bank to reverse the transaction and liaised with the authorities to trace the scammer's details.This was a hard lesson, and I now know to be highly cautious about online job offers that require upfront payments. It is crucial to research companies thoroughly and avoid any job that seems too good to be true, especially when it involves paying money upfront. WhatsApp https://wa.link/2x6ktp Mail. [email protected]

  • 15.09.26 15:45 lydiassmith567

    HIRE A HACKER YOUR STOLEN CRYPTO RECOVERY / BTC / USDT / ETH WITH THE HELP OF CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER. I want to share my experience publicly regarding cryptocurrency wallet recovery, I highly recommend you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER, a professional private investigator in the Bitcoin world. They have a certified expert security team specializing in Bitcoin Recovery Services and have helped many people worldwide recover their lost funds. My wife and I were defrauded by an online manipulator posing as an experienced crypto investment professional. We lost $9.2 Million Stolen BTC in cryptocurrency and were left feeling homeless. After spending hours searching for a reliable crypto recovery service, I discovered CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER online. By patiently explaining my situation to their team, I was able to recover all my funds. Remarkably, my money was returned to my wallet in less than 24 hours. I am extremely grateful to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER for their excellent assistance—they truly were a godsend in my difficult situation. If you have fallen victim to a cryptocurrency scam, you can reach CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER through the following channels Email: [email protected] OR Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 15.09.26 15:45 lydiassmith567

    HIRE A HACKER YOUR STOLEN CRYPTO RECOVERY / BTC / USDT / ETH WITH THE HELP OF CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER. I want to share my experience publicly regarding cryptocurrency wallet recovery, I highly recommend you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER, a professional private investigator in the Bitcoin world. They have a certified expert security team specializing in Bitcoin Recovery Services and have helped many people worldwide recover their lost funds. My wife and I were defrauded by an online manipulator posing as an experienced crypto investment professional. We lost $9.2 Million Stolen BTC in cryptocurrency and were left feeling homeless. After spending hours searching for a reliable crypto recovery service, I discovered CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER online. By patiently explaining my situation to their team, I was able to recover all my funds. Remarkably, my money was returned to my wallet in less than 24 hours. I am extremely grateful to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER for their excellent assistance—they truly were a godsend in my difficult situation. If you have fallen victim to a cryptocurrency scam, you can reach CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER through the following channels Email: [email protected] OR Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 05.10.26 21:26 [email protected]

    I Invested 45,000  Euro, and later aggreviated to 198,000 Euro.  I requested  to place Withdrawal of my funds to be paid to my Bank account. But nothing happened I was subjected to pay more fee until I can get my funds on my account, i got in touch with Theodore ryan here on this platform who had helped a lot of people, I followed all instructions and he legally got back my withheld funds, I got threatened by the company that if I don’t pay they will get my account frozen, all thanks to Theodore ryan and I highly recommend him to anyone dealing with an unregulated broker company… contact him on his Gmail - theodoreryan318@  gmail .  com

  • 06.10.26 06:13 melissathomason573

    Professional Crypto Recovery Testimonial After losing a significant amount of cryptocurrency through a scam on Twitter, I was unsure whether my Bitcoin funds could ever be recovered. The experience was extremely stressful, particularly because I encountered several individuals and services claiming they could help recover my assets, only to discover that some were fraudulent themselves. A friend eventually referred me to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER. Their team handled my case professionally, discreetly, and efficiently. With their assistance, I successfully recovered approximately $130,000 worth of USDT in just over a week. My experience taught me the importance of being extremely cautious when seeking cryptocurrency recovery services, as scammers often target victims a second time. I am grateful to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER for the assistance I received and wanted to share my experience with others who may be facing a similar situation. If you’ve been compromised, don’t lose hope—and be careful of fraudsters posing as saviors. CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER are real professionals in crypto recovery. I am a living proof of their effectiveness, you can reach them through Phone (Call/WhatsApp): +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Alternate Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 06.10.26 06:13 melissathomason573

    Professional Crypto Recovery Testimonial After losing a significant amount of cryptocurrency through a scam on Twitter, I was unsure whether my Bitcoin funds could ever be recovered. The experience was extremely stressful, particularly because I encountered several individuals and services claiming they could help recover my assets, only to discover that some were fraudulent themselves. A friend eventually referred me to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER. Their team handled my case professionally, discreetly, and efficiently. With their assistance, I successfully recovered approximately $130,000 worth of USDT in just over a week. My experience taught me the importance of being extremely cautious when seeking cryptocurrency recovery services, as scammers often target victims a second time. I am grateful to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER for the assistance I received and wanted to share my experience with others who may be facing a similar situation. If you’ve been compromised, don’t lose hope—and be careful of fraudsters posing as saviors. CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER are real professionals in crypto recovery. I am a living proof of their effectiveness, you can reach them through Phone (Call/WhatsApp): +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Alternate Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 06.10.26 17:44 Darrell1717

    I fell victim of a scam I invested to total of 5thousand into. I know it could be risky but after I trusted this man I was dating online he lured me into investing with him. I know hard I worked of my money so I wanted every way possible to get it back. I really appreciate Blockrecoveryexpert for successfully recovered my funds form this scammer. This is all I can say. You can reachout if you ever need help contact blockrecoveryexpert (at) gmail (dot)com

  • 11.10.26 03:04 Patricia014

    Most recovery companies will take your money again. I personally think they’re the same set of people running all of them. It’s a sad, unending cycle, and so many people fall for cloned websites. The only recovery agent I know is Agent Rottgen Raphael. I’ve visited their physical company address, and they’ll tell you if they can handle your case instead of taking upfront payment when they know they can’t help. I highly appreciate their support in recovering my money from the scammers’ wallet within 24 hours. RottgenRaphael@Gmail. com

  • 12.10.26 19:34 lydiassmith567

    HIRE A HACKER YOUR STOLEN CRYPTO RECOVERY / BTC / USDT / ETH WITH THE HELP OF CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER. I want to share my experience publicly regarding cryptocurrency wallet recovery, I highly recommend you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER, a professional private investigator in the Bitcoin world. They have a certified expert security team specializing in Bitcoin Recovery Services and have helped many people worldwide recover their lost funds. My wife and I were defrauded by an online manipulator posing as an experienced crypto investment professional. We lost $9.2 Million Stolen BTC in cryptocurrency and were left feeling homeless. After spending hours searching for a reliable crypto recovery service, I discovered CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER online. By patiently explaining my situation to their team, I was able to recover all my funds. Remarkably, my money was returned to my wallet in less than 24 hours. I am extremely grateful to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER for their excellent assistance—they truly were a godsend in my difficult situation. If you have fallen victim to a cryptocurrency scam, you can reach CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER through the following channels Email: [email protected] OR Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 12.10.26 19:34 lydiassmith567

    HIRE A HACKER YOUR STOLEN CRYPTO RECOVERY / BTC / USDT / ETH WITH THE HELP OF CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER. I want to share my experience publicly regarding cryptocurrency wallet recovery, I highly recommend you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER, a professional private investigator in the Bitcoin world. They have a certified expert security team specializing in Bitcoin Recovery Services and have helped many people worldwide recover their lost funds. My wife and I were defrauded by an online manipulator posing as an experienced crypto investment professional. We lost $9.2 Million Stolen BTC in cryptocurrency and were left feeling homeless. After spending hours searching for a reliable crypto recovery service, I discovered CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER online. By patiently explaining my situation to their team, I was able to recover all my funds. Remarkably, my money was returned to my wallet in less than 24 hours. I am extremely grateful to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER for their excellent assistance—they truly were a godsend in my difficult situation. If you have fallen victim to a cryptocurrency scam, you can reach CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER through the following channels Email: [email protected] OR Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 13.10.26 14:14 lisalisa22

    Legitimate Cryptocurrency Recovery Services: Consult ZEUS CRYPTO RECOVERY SERVICES Zeus Crypto Recovery Services supports individuals exploring options after cryptocurrency losses from fraud, unauthorised transfers, or wallet access issues. Services may include blockchain analysis, wallet tracing, and evidence gathering for investigations. Each case is reviewed. Zeus Crypto Recovery Services is a trusted company with the highest success rate among cryptocurrency recovery services in 2025/2026 and is highly recommended if you have been scammed. ZEUS CRYPTO RECOVERY SERVICES handles case such as Scammed USDT Lost BTC, Coinbase Wallet Forgotten password, ETH and coins, etc. Anything that has to do with cryptocurrency or lost digital assets, ZEUS can help you Do you Need Help? Website https://zeusrecoveryservices.com Mailbox [email protected] WhatsApp number +447798816938 Telegram https://t.me/Zeuscryptorecoveryservices

  • 13.10.26 14:14 lisalisa22

    Legitimate Cryptocurrency Recovery Services: Consult ZEUS CRYPTO RECOVERY SERVICES Zeus Crypto Recovery Services supports individuals exploring options after cryptocurrency losses from fraud, unauthorised transfers, or wallet access issues. Services may include blockchain analysis, wallet tracing, and evidence gathering for investigations. Each case is reviewed. Zeus Crypto Recovery Services is a trusted company with the highest success rate among cryptocurrency recovery services in 2025/2026 and is highly recommended if you have been scammed. ZEUS CRYPTO RECOVERY SERVICES handles case such as Scammed USDT Lost BTC, Coinbase Wallet Forgotten password, ETH and coins, etc. Anything that has to do with cryptocurrency or lost digital assets, ZEUS can help you Do you Need Help? Website https://zeusrecoveryservices.com Mailbox [email protected] WhatsApp number +447798816938 Telegram https://t.me/Zeuscryptorecoveryservices

  • 17.10.26 12:58 melissathomason573

    Professional Crypto Recovery Testimonial After losing a significant amount of cryptocurrency through a scam on Twitter, I was unsure whether my Bitcoin funds could ever be recovered. The experience was extremely stressful, particularly because I encountered several individuals and services claiming they could help recover my assets, only to discover that some were fraudulent themselves. A friend eventually referred me to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER. Their team handled my case professionally, discreetly, and efficiently. With their assistance, I successfully recovered approximately $130,000 worth of USDT in just over a week. My experience taught me the importance of being extremely cautious when seeking cryptocurrency recovery services, as scammers often target victims a second time. I am grateful to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER for the assistance I received and wanted to share my experience with others who may be facing a similar situation. If you’ve been compromised, don’t lose hope—and be careful of fraudsters posing as saviors. CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER are real professionals in crypto recovery. I am a living proof of their effectiveness, you can reach them through Phone (Call/WhatsApp): +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Alternate Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 17.10.26 12:58 melissathomason573

    Professional Crypto Recovery Testimonial After losing a significant amount of cryptocurrency through a scam on Twitter, I was unsure whether my Bitcoin funds could ever be recovered. The experience was extremely stressful, particularly because I encountered several individuals and services claiming they could help recover my assets, only to discover that some were fraudulent themselves. A friend eventually referred me to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER. Their team handled my case professionally, discreetly, and efficiently. With their assistance, I successfully recovered approximately $130,000 worth of USDT in just over a week. My experience taught me the importance of being extremely cautious when seeking cryptocurrency recovery services, as scammers often target victims a second time. I am grateful to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER for the assistance I received and wanted to share my experience with others who may be facing a similar situation. If you’ve been compromised, don’t lose hope—and be careful of fraudsters posing as saviors. CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER are real professionals in crypto recovery. I am a living proof of their effectiveness, you can reach them through Phone (Call/WhatsApp): +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Alternate Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

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