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[Перевод] Учебник — всё, что вам нужно
Немного вызывающее название статьи отсылает к известной работе Внимание - всё, что вам нужно. На этот раз речь пойдет о качестве данных, на которых обучают LLM. Оказывается, качественный учебник (как концентрат знаний в любой сфере) в разы сокращает потребность и в памяти, и в мощности GPU, и в деньгах инвесторов...
Эта статья - о качестве данных при обучении/файнтюнинге LLM. Классическая работа о количественных данных позволит лучше понять, на что влияет качество датасета: Законы масштабирования нейронных языковых моделей
2 октября 2023
Аннотация
Мы представляем phi-1, новую большую языковую модель для генерации кода, которая значительно меньше по размеру по сравнению с конкурирующими моделями: phi-1 — это модель на основе архитектуры трансформера с 1,3 миллиардами параметров, обученная в течение 4 дней на 8 A100, с использованием выборки данных "качество-как-в-учебнике" из интернета (6 миллиардов токенов) а также синтетически сгенерированных с помощью GPT-3.5 учебников и упражнений (1 миллиард токенов). Несмотря на такой небольшой масштаб, phi-1 достигает точности pass@1 50,6% на HumanEval и 55,5% на MBPP. Модель также демонстрирует удивительные эмерджентные свойства по сравнению с phi-1-base, нашей моделью до этапа тонкой настройки (файнтюнинга) на наборе данных с упражнениями по программированию, и по сравнению с phi-1-small, меньшей моделью с 350 миллионами параметров, обученной по тому же конвейеру, что и phi-1, которая, однако, всё ещё достигает 45% на HumanEval.
1. Введение
Искусство обучения больших нейронных сетей показало невероятный прогресс за последнее десятилетие, особенно после открытия архитектуры трансформера [*], однако научные знания, стоящие за этим успехом, пока остаются ограниченными. Среди множества запутанных результатов появилось некое подобие порядка примерно в то же время, когда были представлены модели, основанные на трансформере. Было доказано, что производительность предсказуемо улучшается по мере увеличения либо объёма вычислений, либо размера сети [*], явление, которое теперь называют законами масштабирования [*]. Последующие исследования масштабирования в глубоком обучении взяли за основу эти законы масштабирования, и полученные результаты привели к резкому скачку в производительности. В этой работе, следуя по стопам Eldan и Li [*], мы исследуем улучшения, которые можно получить вдоль другой оси: качество данных.
Давно известно, что данные более высокого качества приводят к лучшим результатам, например, очистка данных является важной частью создания современных наборов данных, это также может дать другие дополнительные преимущества, такие как несколько меньшие наборы данных или возможность делать больше проходов по данным. Недавняя работа Eldan и Li над TinyStories (высококачественным набором данных, синтетически сгенерированным для обучения нейронных сетей английскому языку) показала, что эффект высококачественных данных выходит далеко за пределы этого: улучшение качества данных может кардинально изменить форму законов масштабирования, потенциально позволяя достичь производительности больших моделей с гораздо более скромными затратами на обучение модели.
В этой работе мы выходим за рамки первоначального исследования Eldan и Li, чтобы показать, что высококачественные данные могут даже улучшить SOTA больших языковых моделей (LLM), при этом значительно сокращая размер набора данных и объём вычислений для обучения. Важно, что меньшие модели, требующие меньше обучения, могут значительно снизить экологические издержки от LLM.
Мы сосредоточим внимание на LLM, обученных для генерации кода, и, в частности, на написании простых функций на Python, используя их строки документации (docstrings), см. [*]. Бенчмарк, предложенный в последней работе, HumanEval, широко используется для сравнения производительности LLM в генерации кода. Мы демонстрируем мощь высококачественных данных, которые нарушают существующие законы масштабирования, обучая модель с 1,3 миллиардами параметров, которую мы называем phi-1, примерно на 8 проходах по 7 миллиардам токенов (всего чуть более 50 миллиардов токенов) с последующей тонкой настройкой (файнтюнингом) на менее чем 200 миллионах токенов.
Грубо говоря, мы предварительно обучаем на данных с качеством "как в учебнике", как синтетически сгенерированных (с помощью GPT-3.5), так и отфильтрованных из веб-источников, и проводим файнтюнинг на данных, похожих на упражнения из учебника.
Несмотря на то, что модель на несколько порядков меньше конкурирующих моделей как по размеру набора данных, так и по размеру модели (см. Таблицу 1), мы достигаем точности 50,6% pass@1 на HumanEval и 55,5% pass@1 на MBPP (Mostly Basic Python Programs), что является одним из лучших самостоятельно заявленных результатов с использованием только одной генерации LLM.
Таблица 1: Мы используем данные отчетов, если они доступны. Несмотря на то, что phi-1 обучалась на значительно меньшем объеме данных, она превосходит конкурирующие модели по метрикам HumanEval и MBPP, за исключением модели GPT-4 (также WizardCoder показывает лучший результат на HumanEval, но хуже на MBPP).
Дата | Модель | Размер (параметры) модели | Размер датасета (токенов) | HumanEval | MBPP |
Jul 21 | Codex-300M [CTJ + 21] | 300M | 100B | 13.2% | N.A. |
Jun 23 | phi-1 | 1.3B | 7B | 50.6% | 55.5% |
CodeGen-Mono: [NPH + 23], StarCoder-Prompted: [LAZ + 23], InstructCodeT5+: [WLG + 23]
В Разделе 2 мы приводим некоторые детали нашего процесса обучения и обсуждаем доказательства важности нашего процесса отбора данных для достижения этого результата. Более того, несмотря на обучение на значительно меньшем количестве токенов по сравнению с существующими моделями, phi-1 всё же демонстрирует эмерджентные свойства.
Эмерджентность — это явление, когда в системе возникают новые свойства или поведение, которые не характерны для отдельных её компонентов. Т.е. это проявления феномена, когда целое больше, чем сумма его частей - прим. переводчика.
В Разделе 3 мы обсудим эти эмерджентные свойства и, в частности, подтвердим гипотезу о том, что количество параметров играет ключевую роль в эмерджентности (см., например, [WTB22]), сравнивая вывод модели phi-1 с выводом phi-1-small, модели, обученной по тому же конвейеру, но только с 350 миллионами параметров. Методология, используемая в этом разделе, напоминает работу Sparks of AGI, в которой утверждается, что необходимо отойти от статических бенчмарков для тестирования производительности LLM.
Наконец, в Разделе 4 мы обсудим альтернативные бенчмарки для оценки модели, а в Разделе 5 изучим возможное загрязнение наших обучающих данных в отношении HumanEval. Мы выкладываем модель для использования и оценки широким сообществом, но опускаем некоторые детали синтетической генерации данных по причинам наличия прав собственности.
Другие работы по темеНаша работа является частью недавней программы использования LLM для синтеза программного кода, дополнительные ссылки на которую см. в [CTJ+21, NPH+22]. Наш подход также является частью тенденции использования существующих LLM для синтеза данных для обучения новых поколений LLM, [WKM+22, TGZ+23, MMJ+23, LGK+23, JWJ+23]. В настоящее время ведутся споры о том, что возможно такое “рекурсивное обучение” приведет к деградации моделей [SZ+23, GUESS+23], противоположную точку зрения смотрите в [MMJ+23].
Обратите внимание, что в этой статье мы фокусируемся на узкой задаче, аналогично [JWJ +23], при которой достижение лучшей производительности, чем у исходной LLM, кажется реалистичным (что и доказывается статье).
2. Детали обучения и важность высококачественных данных
Рисунок 2.1: Точность Pass@1 (%) на HumanEval. Группировка столбчатых диаграмм соответствует: 1)обычным параметрам масштабирования, 2)увеличению времени вычислений (больше проходов по данным, здесь от 26 млрд токенов до 76 млрд), 3)увеличению количества параметров модели (здесь от 350 млн до 1.3 млрд). Каждый столбец внутри группы соответствует различным обучающим наборам данных: (A) Первый (оранжевый) столбец представляет производительность моделей, обученных на стандартном наборе данных с Python-файлами из The Stack (плюс StackOverflow для модели с 1.3 млрд параметров); (B) Второй (светло-синий) столбец представляет производительность моделей, обученных на нашем новом наборе данных CodeTextbook; (C) Наконец, третий (темно-синий) столбец соответствует моделям второй колонки, дообученным на нашем новом наборе данных CodeExercises.
Для моделей с 1.3 млрд параметров phi-1 и phi-1-base являются контрольными точками после обучения на 51 млрд токенов (770 GPU-часов), а модель The Stack+ была обучена на 76 млрд токенов и 1090 GPU-часов. Мы подчеркиваем, что даже без какого-либо дообучения наша модель phi-1-base, обученная на наборе данных CodeTextbook, достигает 29% производительности на HumanEval при всего 1.3 млрд параметров. Предыдущая самая маленькая модель, достигшая около 30% производительности на HumanEval, это Replit-Finetuned с 2.7 млрд параметров, которая была обучена на объеме токенов в 100 раз больше, чем наша [Rep23]. Кроме того, дообучение на нашем наборе данных CodeExercises для получения phi-1 не только дало нам максимальную производительность 51% на HumanEval, но и раскрыло дополнительные неожиданные возможности кодирования (см. Раздел 3).
Как намекает название статьи, ключевым ингредиентом нашей модели являются данные обучения "качества как в учебнике". В отличие от предыдущих работ, которые использовали стандартные источники текстовых данных для генерации кода, такие как The Stack (содержащий исходный код из репозиториев с разрешающими лицензиями) и другие веб-наборы данных (например, StackOverflow и CodeContest [*]), мы утверждаем, что эти источники не оптимальны для обучения модели алгоритмическому мышлению и планированию. С другой стороны, архитектура нашей модели и методы обучения довольно традиционны (Раздел 2.3), поэтому этот раздел мы посвящаем в основном объяснению того, как мы отбирали наши данные.
Стандартные наборы данных для кода [*, *] представляют собой большой и разнообразный корпус, охватывающий широкий спектр тем и случаев использования. Однако, основываясь на ручном анализе случайных выборок, мы можем сказать, что многие из этих фрагментов кода далеко не очень полезны для изучения основ программирования и страдают от нескольких недостатков:
Многие примеры не самодостаточны, то есть они зависят от других модулей или файлов, внешних по отношению к фрагменту, что делает их трудными для понимания без дополнительного контекста.
Типичные примеры не содержат значимых вычислений, а скорее состоят из тривиального или шаблонного кода, такого как определение констант, установка параметров или настройка элементов графического интерфейса.
Примеры, содержащие алгоритмическую логику, часто скрыты внутри сложных или плохо документированных функций, что затрудняет их понимание или изучение.
Примеры смещены в сторону определённых тем или случаев использования, что приводит к несбалансированному распределению концепций и навыков программирования в наборе данных.
Можно представить, насколько неэффективной и полной разочарований стала бы попытка человека освоить навыки программирования по таким наборам данных, так как ему пришлось бы иметь дело с большим количеством шума, неоднозначности и неполноты данных.
Мы предполагаем, что эти проблемы также влияют на производительность языковых моделей, поскольку они снижают качество и количество сигналов, которые связывают естественный язык с кодом. Мы предполагаем, что языковые модели выиграют от обучающего набора данных, который обладает теми же качествами, что и хороший "учебник": он должен быть ясным, самодостаточным, поучительным и сбалансированным.
В этой работе мы напрямую решаем эту проблему и показываем, что целенаправленно отбирая и генерируя высококачественные данные можно достичь современных результатов в задачах генерации кода с гораздо меньшим размером модели и меньшими вычислительными затратами, чем существующие подходы. Наше обучение основывается на трёх основных наборах данных:
Отфильтрованный набор данных "код-язык", который представляет собой подмножество The Stack и StackOverflow, полученное с использованием классификатора на основе языковой модели (состоящий из около 6 миллиардов токенов).
Синтетический датасет "учебников", состоящий из менее чем 1 миллиарда токенов учебников по Python, сгенерированных GPT-3.5.
Небольшой датасет "упражнения", состоящий из ~180 миллионов токенов упражнений и решений на Python.
Мы подробно описываем эти наборы данных в следующих подразделах. В совокупности вышеуказанные наборы данных содержат менее 7 миллиардов токенов. Мы называем "CodeTextbook" комбинацию отфильтрованного набора данных "код-язык" и синтетического набора данных "учебников" и используем его на этапе предварительного обучения для получения нашей базовой модели phi-1-base — эта модель уже достигает конкурентоспособной производительности на HumanEval в 29%.
Затем мы используем набор данных "упражнения" из 180 миллионов токенов, называемый "CodeExercises", для файнтюнинга нашей модели phi-1-base для создания phi-1. Несмотря на небольшой размер набора данных "CodeExercises", файнтюнинг с этим набором данных имеет решающее значение не только для значительного улучшения генерации простых функций на Python, как показано на Рисунке 2.1, но и для разблокировки многих интересных эмерджентных возможностей в нашей модели phi-1, которые не наблюдаются в phi-1-base (см. Раздел 3).
2.1 Фильтрация существующих наборов данных с использованием классификатора на основе трансформера
Мы начинаем с общедоступных наборов данных на Python: используем подмножество Python из дедуплицированной версии The Stack и StackOverflow, которые вместе содержат более 35 миллионов файлов/примеров, всего более 35 миллиардов токенов.
Мы аннотируем качество небольшого подмножества этих файлов (около 100 тысяч примеров) с помощью GPT-4: для каждого фрагмента кода у GPT-4 запрашивается: "определить образовательную ценность для студента, цель которого — изучить основные концепции программирования".
Затем мы используем этот аннотированный набор данных для обучения классификатора на основе случайного леса, который предсказывает качество файла/примера, используя выдачу из предварительно обученной codegen-модели в виде соответствующих признаков. Мы отмечаем, что, в отличие от GPT-3.5, который мы активно используем для генерации синтетического контента (обсуждается ниже), мы используем GPT-4 минимально только для аннотирования качества небольшого подмножества примеров из The Stack и StackOverflow. Таким образом, мы рассматриваем использование GPT-4 как способ избежать утомительных усилий по ручному аннотированию [*].
Образовательная ценность, определенная фильтром / Высокая ценность (слева) / Низкая ценность (справа)
Код выше в формате python:# Высокая ценность
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
def normalize(x, axis=-1):
"""Performs L2-Norm."""
num = x
denom = torch.norm(x, 2, axis, keepdim=True)
.expand_as(x) + 1e-12
return num / denom
def euclidean_dist(x, y):
"""Computes Euclidean distance."""
m, n = x.size(0), y.size(0)
xx = torch.pow(x, 2).sum(1, keepdim=True).
expand(m, n)
yy = torch.pow(x, 2).sum(1, keepdim=True).
expand(m, m).t()
dist = xx + yy - 2 * torch.matmul(x, y.t())
dist = dist.clamp(min=1e-12).sqrt()
return dist
def cosine_dist(x, y):
"""Computes Cosine Distance."""
x = F.normalize(x, dim=1)
y = F.normalize(y, dim=1)
dist = 2 - 2 * torch.mm(x, y.t())
return dist# Низкая ценность
import re
import typing
...
class Default(object):
def __init__(self, vim: Nvim) -> None:
self._vim = vim
self._denite: typing.Optional[SyncParent] = None
self._selected_candidates: typing.List[int] = []
self._candidates: Candidates = []
self._cursor = 0
self._entire_len = 0
self._result: typing.List[typing.Any] = []
self._context: UserContext = {}
self._bufnr = -1
self._winid = -1
self._winrestcmd = ''
self._initialized = False
self._winheight = 0
self._winwidth = 0
self._winminheight = -1
self._is_multi = False
self._is_async = False
self._matched_pattern = ''
...Наш метод фильтрации значительно повышает производительность модели даже без использования синтетических наборов данных, описанных ниже: для моделей с 350 миллионами параметров, обученных на неотфильтрованном Stack (дедуплицированный Python) и StackOverflow, производительность на HumanEval достигает предела на уровне 12,19%, даже после 96 тысяч шагов обучения (~200 млрд токенов). При этом обучение на отфильтрованном подмножестве данных даёт результат 17,68% на HumanEval уже после 36 тысяч шагов. Мы дополнительно улучшили этот показатель до 20,12% (см. рисунок 2.1), обучая модель на комбинации отфильтрованного набора данных и синтетического набора данных из учебников, описанного ниже.
2.2 Создание синтетических наборов данных с "качеством учебника"
Одной из основных проблем при создании высококачественного набора данных для генерации кода является обеспечение того, чтобы примеры были разнообразными и не повторялись.
Под разнообразием мы понимаем, что примеры должны охватывать широкий спектр концепций, навыков и сценариев программирования, а также варьироваться по уровню сложности, стилю и структуре. Разнообразие важно по нескольким причинам: оно знакомит языковую модель с различными способами выражения и решения задач в коде, снижает риск переобучения или запоминания конкретных шаблонов или решений, а также повышает возможности обобщения и устойчивость модели к новым или незнакомым задачам. Однако достижение разнообразия — нетривиальная задача, особенно при использовании синтетических данных, сгенерированных другой языковой моделью. Простое указание модели создать учебник по программированию или набор упражнений, даже с некоторыми вариациями в инструкциях или параметрах, скорее всего, приведёт к созданию однородного и избыточного набора данных, где одни и те же концепции и решения повторяются с незначительными изменениями. Это происходит потому, что языковые модели склонны следовать наиболее вероятным или распространённым путям, исходя из их обучающих данных и априорных знаний, и у них нет стимула или творческого подхода для исследования альтернативных или новых способов генерации кода. Поэтому необходимо найти правильный "трюк", который заставит языковую модель быть более креативной и разнообразной в своих выводах, сохраняя при этом качество и связность примеров.
Вдохновлённые работой [*], в которой путём включения случайного подмножества слов из фиксированного словаря в запрос и требования их комбинирования в сгенерированном тексте был создан разнообразный набор коротких историй, мы ищем способы внедрения случайности в запрос таким образом, чтобы это способствовало созданию набора данных с высоким разнообразием.
Синтетический набор данных "учебников"
Этот набор данных состоит из менее чем 1 миллиарда токенов учебников по Python, сгенерированных GPT-3.5, и предназначен для предоставления высококачественного источника текста с естественным языком, перемежающегося соответствующими фрагментами кода. Мы также ориентировали содержание этих учебников на темы, которые способствуют развитию логического мышления и базовых алгоритмических навыков. Разнообразие достигается за счёт наложения ограничений на темы и целевую аудиторию генерируемого учебника. Вот пример текста из синтетического учебника:
Для начала давайте определим, что такое сингулярные и несингулярные матрицы. Матрица называется сингулярной, если её определитель равен нулю. С другой стороны, матрица называется несингулярной, если её определитель не равен нулю. Теперь давайте рассмотрим эти концепции на примерах.
Пример 1: Рассмотрим матрицу
A = np.array([[1, 2], [2, 4]]). Мы можем проверить, является ли эта матрица сингулярной или несингулярной, используя функцию определителя. Мы можем определить функцию на Python,is_singular(A), которая возвращаетTrue, если определитель A равен нулю, иFalseв противном случае.
import numpy as np
def is_singular(A):
det = np.linalg.det(A)
if det == 0:
return True
else:
return False
A = np.array([[1, 2], [2, 4]])
print(is_singular(A)) # TrueНабор данных "CodeExercises"
Это небольшой синтетический набор данных "упражнения", состоящий из менее чем 180 миллионов токенов упражнений и решений на Python. Каждое упражнение представляет собой строку документации функции, которую необходимо завершить. Цель этого набора данных — настроить модель на выполнение задач по завершению функций на основе инструкций на естественном языке. Этот набор данных также был сгенерирован GPT-3.5, где основным способом достижения разнообразия является ограничение на имена функций. Для этого набора данных мы проводим явную деконтаминацию и альтернативные оценки в следующих разделах, чтобы убедиться, что задачи, похожие на те, что представлены в бенчмарке HumanEval, не встречаются во время файнтюнинга. Следующий фрагмент иллюстрирует синтетически сгенерированное упражнение:
def valid_guessing_letters(word: str, guesses: List[str]) -> List[str]:
"""
Returns a list of valid guessing letters, which are letters that have not been guessed yet and
are present in the word.
Parameters:
word (str): The word to guess.
guesses (List[str]): A list of letters that have already been guessed.
Returns:
List[str]: A list of valid guessing letters.
"""
valid_letters = []
for letter in word:
if letter not in guesses and letter not in valid_letters:
valid_letters.append(letter)
return valid_letters2.3. Архитектура модели и обучение
Мы использовали трансформер с декодером [*], использующий реализацию FlashAttention для многоголового внимания (MHA) [*]. Также мы применили MHA и слои MLP в параллельной конфигурации, следуя недавним моделям, таким как CodeGen [*], PaLM [*] и GPT-NeoX [*].
Архитектура нашей модели phi-1 с 1.3 миллиардами параметров состоит из 24 слоев, скрытой размерности 2048, внутренней размерности MLP 8192 и 32 голов внимания размерностью 64 каждая.
Меньшая модель phi-1-small с 350 миллионами параметров имеет 20 слоев, скрытую размерность 1024, внутреннюю размерность MLP 4096 и 16 голов внимания размерностью 64 каждая.
Мы также использовали вращающийся позиционный эмбеддинг (rotary position embedding) [*] с размерностью вращения 32. Эти архитектурные решения были заимствованы из [*]. Мы использовали тот же токенизатор, что и в codegen-350M-mono [*]. Помимо FlashAttention, наши модели не используют другие техники, такие как Fill-In-the-Middle (FIM) [*] или Multi-Query-Attention (MQA) [*], которые могли бы дополнительно повысить производительность и эффективность [*].
Для предобучения и дообучения (файнтюнинга) мы объединили соответствующие наборы данных в одномерный массив, используя токен «⟨∣endoftext∣⟩» для разделения файлов. Мы обучали наши модели на последовательностях длиной 2048, взятых из нашего массива данных с функцией потерь прогнозирования следующего токена. Обучение проводилось с использованием fp16, оптимизатора AdamW, линейного графика обучения с разогревом и затуханием, а также внимания и остаточного dropout на уровне 0,1. Обучение выполнялось на 8 GPU Nvidia A100 с использованием deepspeed. Наша базовая предобученная модель phi-1-base была получена менее чем за 4 дня обучения. Дообучение (файнтюнинг) для получения phi-1 заняло дополнительные 7 часов на том же оборудовании.
Предобучение (Pretraining)
phi-1-base был обучен на датасете CodeTextbook (отфильтрованный корпус кода и синтетические учебники). Мы использовали эффективный размер батча 1024 (включая параллелизм данных и накопление градиентов), максимальную скорость обучения 1e-3 с разогревом в течение 750 шагов и коэффициентом регуляризации весов 0,1 всего за 36,000 шагов. Мы использовали контрольную точку на 24,000 шаге в качестве нашей phi-1-base — это эквивалентно примерно 8 эпохам на нашем наборе данных CodeTextbook, что составляет чуть более 50 миллиардов тренировочных токенов. Несмотря на малый размер и вычислительные ресурсы, эта модель уже достигает точности 29% на HumanEval.
Файнтюнинг
phi-1 получена путем файнтюнинга phi-1-base на наборе данных CodeExercises. Для файнтюнинга мы использовали ту же настройку, что и для предобучения, но с другими гиперпараметрами: эффективный размер батча 256, максимальная скорость обучения 1e-4 с разогревом в течение 50 шагов и коэффициентом регуляризации весов 0.01. Мы обучали модель в течение общего количества шагов 6000 и выбирали лучшую контрольную точку (сохраняемую каждые 1000 шагов).
3. Скачок возможностей модели после файнтюнинга на наборе CodeExercises
На Рисунке 2.1 показано, что наибольшее улучшение в результатах на HumanEval было достигнуто благодаря файнтюнингу на небольшом наборе данных CodeExercises (<200 млн токенов). CodeExercises состоит исключительно из коротких задач на Python с использованием только базовых библиотек. В этом разделе мы продемонстрируем интересный факт: модель после дообучения показывает значительное улучшение также в выполнении задач, которые не представлены в наборе данных для дообучения. В том числе управление сложными алгоритмическими задачами и использование внешних библиотек.
Это позволяет предположить, что процесс файнтюнинга мог помочь модели реорганизовать и закрепить знания, полученные во время предварительного обучения, даже если такие знания явно не присутствуют в нашем наборе данных CodeExercises. В этом разделе мы сосредоточимся на качественном сравнении возможностей нашей дообученной модели phi-1 и её базовой модели phi-1-base с 1,3 млрд параметров.
3.1 Файнтюнинг улучшает понимание модели
Используя простую функцию Python, которую мы создали самостоятельно, мы наблюдаем, что модель демонстрирует значительно более высокий уровень понимания и соответствия инструкциям после файнтюнинга. В частности, мы видим, что phi-1-base испытывает трудности с логическими связями в запросах, в то время как phi-1 может интерпретировать вопрос и сгенерировать правильный ответ. В этом примере даже наша 350-миллионная модель phi-1-small показывает некоторый уровень понимания проблемы, хотя итоговое решение оказывается неверным. Мы наблюдаем такие тенденции последовательно в процессе наших взаимодействий с моделью, см. другой пример в Приложении A.
Промпт: Алиса, Боб и Чарльз играют в игру. Сначала Алиса выбирает случайное число от 333 до 678, затем Боб выбирает число от числа Алисы до 888, а затем Чарльз выбирает число от 123 до числа Боба. Алиса получает одно очко, если разность числа Алисы и числа Чарльза делится на целую часть квадратного корня из числа Боба. В противном случае Боб получает одно очко. Смоделируйте очки Алисы и Боба за 30 итераций.
Код предыдущего примера:# phi-1
points = [0, 0]
for i in range(30):
alice_num = random.randint(333, 678)
bob_num = random.randint(alice_num, 888)
charles_num = random.randint(123, bob_num)
if (alice_num - charles_num) % int(bob_num ** 0.5) == 0:
points[0] += 1
else:
points[1] += 1
return f"Alice: {points[0]}, Bob: {points[1]}"# phi-1-base
self.points = 0
self.alice = 333
self.bob = 678
self.charles = 888
self.bob_points = 0
self.alice_points = 0
self.iterations = 30
self.alice_turn = True
self.bob_turn = True
self.alice_turn_points = 0
self.bob_turn_points = 0
self.alice_turn_points_history = []
self.bob_turn_points_history = []
self.alice_turn_points_history.append(self.alice_points)
self.bob_turn_points_history.append(self.bob_points)# phi-1-small
indices = []
import random
alice_points = 0
bob_points = 0
for i in range(30):
alice_num = random.randint(333, 678)
bob_num = random.randint(123, bob_num)
if (alice_num - bob_num) % math.floor(math.sqrt(bob_num)) == 0:
alice_points += 1
if (i % 2) == 0:
bob_points += 1
print(f"Alice gets {alice_points} points, while Bob gets {bob_points} points.")3.2. Файнтюнинг улучшает способность модели использовать внешние библиотеки
Мы продемонстрируем, что дообучение на наборе CodeExercises неожиданно улучшает способность модели использовать внешние библиотеки, такие как Pygame и Tkinter, несмотря на то, что наши упражнения не содержат этих библиотек. Это позволяет предположить, что наше дообучение не только улучшает выполнение целевых задач, но также облегчает извлечение знаний для несвязанных задач, полученных в ходе предварительного обучения. Для справки, на Рисунке 3.1 показано распределение импортов пакетов в нашем наборе данных CodeExercises.
Рисунок 3.1: Количество импортов среди ∼880 тыс. упражнений в CodeExercises (мы игнорируем библиотеки, импортированные менее 10 раз). Код для построения графика был сгенерирован моделью phi-1 по запросу:
«У меня есть словарь, сначала отсортируйте его по значениям от наибольшего к наименьшему. Затем постройте столбчатую диаграмму с помощью pyplot. Сначала установите размер шрифта 7, затем поверните метки на оси X на 90 градусов. Ось X — это ключи, ось Y — значения словаря. Используйте логарифмическую шкалу для оси Y. Кроме того, установите метку оси Y как «Log Number of Times», а метку оси X как «Imports». Установите dpi на 1000.»
«У меня есть словарь, сначала отсортируйте его по значениям от наибольшего к наименьшему. Затем постройте столбчатую диаграмму с помощью pyplot. Сначала установите размер шрифта 7, затем поверните метки на оси X на 90 градусов. Ось X — это ключи, ось Y — значения словаря. Используйте логарифмическую шкалу для оси Y. Кроме того, установите метку оси Y как «Log Number of Times», а метку оси X как «Imports». Установите dpi на 1000.»
Пример с PyGame
Мы начинаем с запроса к модели, в котором просим сгенерировать код для перемещения мяча в PyGame:
Промпт: Напишите код на PyGame. Есть мяч. На каждой итерации: 1. Координата X мяча увеличивается на случайное целое число в диапазоне (-10, 10). 2. Координата Y мяча увеличивается на случайное целое число в диапазоне (-20, 20). Координата X мяча должна оставаться в пределах от 0 до 400, а координата Y — в пределах от 0 до 600. Когда пользователь нажимает пробел, установите координату X мяча на 200, а координату Y — на 400.
Код примеров:# phi-1
...
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 600))
x, y = 0, 0
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
...
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
x = 200
y = 400
x += random.randint(-10, 10)
y += random.randint(-20, 20)
if x < 0:
x = 0
elif x > 400:
x = 400
if y < 0:
y = 0
elif y > 600:
y = 600
screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0), (x, y), 10)
pygame.display.update()# phi-1-base
...
ball_x = random.randint(-10, 10)
ball_y = random.randint(-20, 20)
ball_vx = random.randint(-5, 5)
ball_vy = random.randint(-5, 5)
...
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
...
while not done:
for event in pygame.event.get():
...
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
ball_x = 200
ball_y = 400
ball_x += ball_vx
ball_y += ball_vy
ball_vx += ball
pygame.display.flip()# phi-1-small
...
x, y = 0, 0
dx, dy = random.randint(-10, 10), random.randint(-20, 20)
while True:
screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), (x, y, 400, 600))
pygame.display.update()
x += dx
y += dy
if x + dx > 400:
dx = -dx
elif x + dx < 0:
dx = dx
if y + dy > 600:
dy = -dy
elif y + dy < 0:
dy = dy
pygame.time.wait(50)Приведенный выше фрагмент кода показывает основной цикл простой программы на PyGame, в которой мяч отскакивает на экране. Модель phi-1 корректно применяет функции PyGame для обновления и отрисовки мяча, следуя инструкциям из запроса. Модели phi-1-base и phi-1-small генерируют вызовы функций, которые синтаксически правильны, но семантически не соответствуют задаче. Мы видим, что phi-1-base демонстрирует некоторую способность использовать соответствующие вызовы API, но не может следовать логике задачи, в то время как phi-1-small после дообучения понимает логику, но не обладает достаточной емкостью для изучения правильных вызовов функций.
Пример с TKinter
Наш второй пример — это приложение на TKinter, в котором мы просим модель обновлять текстовое поле в зависимости от нажатия кнопок.
Промпт: Напиши приложение на tkinter. В верхней части находится текстовое поле, внизу — кнопка "Submit", а рядом с ней — кнопка "Recover". При нажатии на кнопку "Submit" получи текст из текстового поля и сохрани его в глобальную строку s. Если текст содержит слово "pew", обновите текст в текстовом поле на "pewpewpew?". В противном случае добавьте в конец текста "no pew...". При нажатии на кнопку "Recover" замените текст в текстовом поле на значение строки s.
Код выше:# phi-1
...
global s
s = ""
def submit():
global s
text = textfield.get()
if "pew" in text:
textfield.delete(0, tk.END)
textfield.insert(0, "pewpewpew...")
else:
textfield.delete(0, tk.END)
textfield.insert(0, text + "no pew...")
s = text
def recover():
global s
textfield.delete(0, tk.END)
textfield.insert(0, s)
textfield = tk.Entry(root)
textfield.pack()
submit_button = tk.Button(root, text="Submit", command=submit)
submit_button.pack()
recover_button = tk.Button(root, text="Recover", command=recover)
recover_button.pack()
root.mainloop()# phi-1-base
global s
s = s.replace("pew", "pewpewpew")
if "pew" in s:
s = s.replace("pew", "pewpewpew")
else:
s = s + "no pew..."
text.delete(0.0, END)
text.insert(0.0, s)
def main():
global s
s = "pewpewpew"
text.delete(0.0, END)
text.insert(0.0, s)
text.tag_add("button", "<Button-1>", "<Button-3>")
text.tag_add("button", "<Button-2>", "<Button-4>")
# The model keeps adding buttons from here# phi-1-small
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
global s
text = ""
while True:
event, values = tk.popup()
if event == "submit":
text += values.split()[0] + " "
elif event == "textfield":
s += values.split()[0] + " "
elif event == "submit-button-text":
text = values.split()[0] + " "
elif event == "text-button-text":
s = text
if "pew" in text:
text = text.replace("pew", "pewpewpew")
if "no pew" in text:
break
tk.destroy()Результаты выполнения трех моделей демонстрируют значительный разрыв в их понимании запросов. И phi-1-base, и phi-1-small не смогли использовать правильные API Tkinter и создали бессмысленные вызовы функций. С другой стороны, phi-1 корректно реализовала графический интерфейс и все функции (за исключением небольшой ошибки в копировании строки "pewpewpew?"). В Приложении A мы приводим два дополнительных примера для pytorch и pyplot.
Пример в режиме чата.
Наконец, мы покажем, что phi-1 обладает лучшими способностями к ведению диалога по сравнению с phi-1-base, несмотря на то, что данные для чата присутствовали только на этапе предварительного обучения, а не файнтюнинга.
Промпт: Студент: У меня есть график на Python pyplot, я хочу увеличить его разрешение и повернуть. Что мне делать? Ассистент:
Ответ phi-1:
Установите параметр
dpiна желаемое разрешение (например, 300 для 300 DPI).Используйте функцию
rotateиз модуляmatplotlib.pyplot, чтобы повернуть график на 90 градусов по часовой стрелке.
Пример:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])
# Установите разрешение на 300 DPI
ax.set_dpi(300)
# Поверните график на 90 градусов по часовой стрелке
ax.rotate(90) Ответ phi-1-base:
Вы можете использовать функцию setp() для установки разрешения и функцию set_rotation() для поворота графика. <|endoftext|>
Ответ phi-1-small:
Я — график на Python pyplot, и я хочу увеличить его разрешение и повернуть. Что мне делать?
ВТОРОЙ:
Я — график на Python pyplot, и я хочу увеличить его разрешение и повернуть. Что мне делать?
ТРЕТИЙ:...
4. Оценка на нестандартных задачах с использованием LLM-оценки (LLM grading)
Одной из потенциальных проблем, связанных с удивительно высокой производительностью модели phi-1 на HumanEval (см. Таблицу 1 и Рисунок 2.1), может быть запоминание данных из-за возможного загрязнения синтетического набора данных CodeExercises. Мы изучим это потенциальное загрязнение напрямую в Разделе 5, а в этом разделе рассматрим эту проблему с помощью новой оценки, которая была разработана достаточно нестандартно, чтобы её появление в нашем обучающем наборе данных было маловероятно.
Чтобы минимизировать предвзятость и утечку данных, новые задачи для оценки были созданы специальной командой, которая не имела доступа к набору данных CodeExercises или финальной модели. Они создали 50 новых задач в том же формате, что и HumanEval, с инструкциями разработать задачи, которые вряд ли появятся в реальных базах кода или в качестве учебных упражнений. Вот пример такой задачи:
""" Эта функция принимает два списка целых чисел, сортирует каждый из них по возрастанию, объединяет их, возводит в квадрат элементы на четных индексах, фильтрует элементы, меньшие чем my_threshold, и затем удаляет дубликаты. Результирующий список возвращается. """
Одной из сложностей оценки языковых моделей на задачах по программированию является то, что вывод модели часто бинарный: либо код проходит все unit-тесты, либо не проходит. Однако это не отражает нюансов производительности модели, так как она может сгенерировать код, который почти правильный, но содержит небольшую ошибку, или код, который полностью неверен, но случайно проходит некоторые тесты. Более информативным способом оценки навыков модели может быть сравнение её вывода с правильным решением и выставление оценки на основе того, насколько хорошо оно соответствует ожидаемой логике. Это похоже на то, как люди оцениваются на собеседованиях по программированию, где интервьюер не только запускает код, но и анализирует рассуждения и качество решения.
Для оценки решений мы используем подход, при котором GPT-4 выступает в роли оценщика (как, например, в [*]). Этот подход имеет два преимущества:
(1) используя GPT-4 в качестве оценщика, мы можем использовать его знания и генеративные способности для получения более детального и осмысленного сигнала о способностях модели к программированию, и
(2) это устраняет необходимость в тестах.
Наш запрос инструктирует LLM оценить решение студента сначала в краткой вербальной оценке, а затем выставить оценку от 0 до 10.
Таблица 2: Оценки понимания (Understanding scores) на 50 новых нестандартных задачах по программированию, выставленные с использованием LLM.
Модель | Размер | Токенов обучения | Оценка | Human-Eval |
CodeGen-Mono-350M [NPH+23] CodeGen-Mono-16.1B [NPH+23] Replit [Rep23] StarCoder [LAZ+23]350M | 350M 16.1B 2.7B 15.5B | 577B 577B 525B 1T | 19% 38% 37% 51% | 13% 29% 22% 34% |
phi-1-base phi-1-small phi-1 | 1.3B 350M 1.3B | 7B 7B 7B | 37% 45% 52% | 29% 45% 51% |
См. Таблицу 2 для наших результатов с phi-1 и конкурирующими моделями. Оценки на наших новых нестандартных задачах дают тот же рейтинг, что и HumanEval (см. Таблицу 1). phi-1 снова демонстрирует результат значительно выше, чем StarCoder, как и на HumanEval. Учитывая, что новые задачи не могли загрязнить обучающие данные и, более того, были разработаны так, чтобы находиться за пределами распределения обучающих данных, эти результаты значительно повышают нашу уверенность в достоверности производительности phi-1.
5. Удаление (очистка) данных для объективной оценки производительности
На Рисунке 2.1 мы видим, что обучение на наборе данных CodeExercises приводит к значительному улучшению производительности модели на бенчмарке HumanEval. Чтобы исследовать это улучшение, мы предлагаем "очистить" набор данных CodeExercises, удалив файлы, которые "похожи" на те, что содержатся в HumanEval. Этот процесс можно рассматривать как "строгую форму" дезактивации данных. Затем мы повторно обучаем нашу модель на таких очищенных данных и всё ещё наблюдаем высокую производительность на HumanEval. В частности, даже после агрессивного удаления более 40% набора данных CodeExercises (это включает удаление файлов, которые лишь отдалённо похожи на HumanEval, см. Приложение C), повторно обученная модель phi-1 всё равно превосходит StarCoder.
Мы считаем, что такой эксперимент с удалением данных является справедливым способом оценки производительности и более информативным, чем стандартные исследования "загрязнения" в литературе, которые обычно основаны на измерении пересечения между обучающими и тестовыми данными (например, Раздел 4.8 в [*]). Для полноты картины мы начинаем этот раздел с проведения стандартного эксперимента на загрязнение, который показывает, что CodeExercises не загрязнён данными из HumanEval в этом стандартном смысле.
5.1 Перекрытие N-грамм
N-граммы измеряют схожесть текстовых сегментов на основе общих последовательностей из n слов. Мы вычисляем перекрытие n-грамм между строками документации (docstrings) каждого вопроса из HumanEval и каждого упражнения из набора данных CodeExercises, который был нами сгенерирован. Мы обнаружили 4 вопроса из HumanEval с перекрытием 13-грамм хотя бы с одним элементом в нашем наборе данных. После дальнейшего исследования выяснилось, что все 4 случая перекрытия в 13-граммах являются ложными срабатываниями, как в примере ниже. Наш анализ перекрытия n-грамм показывает, что наш набор данных имеет минимальное буквальное совпадение с HumanEval.
HumanEval:
Вам дан непустой список положительных целых чисел. Верните наибольшее целое число, которое больше нуля и имеет частоту, превышающую или равную значению самого числа. Частота числа — это количество раз, которое оно встречается в списке.
CodeExercises:
Вычисляет сумму анализа частот степеней для списка целых чисел. Сумма анализа частот степеней вычисляется путем суммирования квадратов частот каждого уникального числа в списке. Частота числа — это количество раз, которое оно встречается в списке.
5.2 Анализ схожести на основе эмбеддингов и синтаксиса
Как мы только что увидели, анализ n-грамм недостаточно точен для поиска схожих фрагментов кода между HumanEval и CodeExercises. Вместо этого мы используем комбинацию эмбеддингов и синтаксических расстояний. Для эмбеддингового расстояния мы вычисляем L2-расстояние между эмбеддингами фрагментов кода, где эмбеддинг получен из предобученной модели CodeGen-Mono 350M [NPH+23]. Мы наблюдаем, что эмбеддинговое расстояние успешно захватывает пары кода, где общая семантика кода схожа, что можно вывести из Python Docstring, имен функций/классов, а также структуры кода. Для синтаксического расстояния мы вычисляем строковое расстояние редактирования между абстрактными синтаксическими деревьями (AST) двух заданных фрагментов кода. Расстояние AST успешно идентифицирует перекрывающиеся секции между парами кода, оставаясь независимым от несинтаксического текста, такого как имена переменных/функций, комментарии и Python Docstrings. Для отбора в CodeExercises мы устанавливаем порог для эмбеддингового расстояния и тестируем несколько значений коэффициента совпадения τ для расстояния AST. См. Приложение C для примеров пар кода, захваченных с помощью эмбеддингового расстояния и различных значений τ для AST. Мы варьируем τ от 0,95 до 0,8, что соответствует удалению от 42,5K до 354K из 879,5K общих задач в CodeExercises.
Таблица 3: Процент схожих и не схожих задач из HumanEval, правильно решенных различными моделями. Схожесть определяется наличием или отсутствием близких соответствий для соответствующей задачи HumanEval в наборе данных CodeExercises (для заданного τ). Количество задач обозначает число задач HumanEval в каждом подмножестве. Здесь τ — порог для коэффициента совпадения на основе AST между кодами для проверки схожести.
τ | Кол-во задач | phi-1 | phi-1 retrained on pruned data | StarCoder Prompted [*] | |
0.95 | похожие | 71 | 81.7% | 74.6% | 57.7% |
0.9 | похожие | 93 | 63.4% | 51.6% | 48.4% |
0.85 | похожие | 106 | 62.3% | 52.8% | 47.2% |
0.8 | похожие | 116 | 59.5% | 52.6% | 45.7% |
Таблица 3 суммирует производительность нашей переобученной модели phi-1 на сокращенных наборах данных (с τ = 0,95, 0,9, 0,85 и 0,8) по сравнению с оригинальной phi-1, обученной на полном наборе CodeExercises, и моделью StarCoder-prompted с 15.5 миллиардами параметров. Мы разделяем задачи HumanEval на два подмножества («схожие» и «не схожие») в зависимости от наличия хотя бы одного близкого соответствия (для данного τ) в исходном наборе данных CodeExercises. Затем мы сообщаем точность моделей для каждого подмножества HumanEval отдельно. Как видно, даже после значительного сокращения нашего набора данных, phi-1 по-прежнему значительно опережает StarCoder-Prompted с отрывом в 13 пунктов, что подтверждает, что наш прирост производительности не связан с «загрязнением» набора данных, даже если этот термин понимать в широком смысле. Также стоит отметить, что точность всех моделей ниже на подмножестве не схожих задач HumanEval по сравнению с подмножеством схожих задач.
6. Заключение
Качественный и хорошо составленный учебник может предоставить студенту необходимые знания для освоения нового предмета, и наша работа показывает значительное влияние высококачественных данных на повышение мастерства языковой модели в задачах генерации кода. Создавая данные «качества учебника», мы смогли обучить модель, которая превосходит почти все модели с открытым исходным кодом на тестах по программированию, таких как HumanEval и MBPP, несмотря на то, что наша модель в 10 раз меньше по размеру и в 100 раз меньше по объему данных. Мы предполагаем, что такие высококачественные данные значительно повышают эффективность обучения языковых моделей для программирования, поскольку они предоставляют четкие, самодостаточные, обучающие и сбалансированные примеры концепций и навыков программирования.
Однако наша модель имеет ряд ограничений по сравнению с более крупными моделями для программирования.
Во-первых, phi-1 специализируется на программировании на Python, что ограничивает ее универсальность по сравнению с моделями, поддерживающими несколько языков.
Во-вторых, phi-1 не обладает специализированными знаниями, которые есть у более крупных моделей, такими как работа с определенными API или использование менее распространенных пакетов.
Наконец, из-за структурированного характера наборов данных и недостатка разнообразия в терминах языка и стиля, phi-1 менее устойчива к стилистическим вариациям или ошибкам в запросе (например, ее производительность значительно снижается, если в запросе есть грамматические ошибки).
Мы подробнее рассматриваем эти ограничения и приводим примеры случаев, когда phi-1 дает сбой, в Приложении B.
Ни одно из этих ограничений не кажется фундаментальным, и при дальнейшей работе наш подход может быть использован для решения каждого из них, хотя пока неясно, какое масштабирование потребуется для их преодоления (как для размера модели, так и для объема данных). Мы также считаем, что значительного прогресса можно достичь, используя GPT-4 для генерации синтетических данных вместо GPT-3.5, поскольку мы заметили, что данные GPT-3.5 содержат много ошибок. Интересно, что phi-1 способна достичь такого высокого уровня мастерства в программировании, несмотря на эти ошибки (подобное явление наблюдалось в [*], где языковая модель может обучаться на данных с 100% ошибок и все равно генерировать правильные ответы во время тестирования).
В итоге, наша работа подтверждает, что разработка хорошей методологии создания высококачественных наборов данных является ключевым направлением исследований для продвижения в области обработки естественного языка и смежных областях (см. также [*]). Однако создание высококачественных наборов данных — это нетривиальная задача, которая ставит несколько вызовов, требующих решения.
Один из вызовов — обеспечить, чтобы набор данных охватывал все соответствующие содержания и концепции, которые модель должна изучить, и делал это сбалансированно и репрезентативно.
Другой вызов — обеспечить, чтобы набор данных был действительно разнообразным и не повторяющимся, чтобы модель не переобучалась на данных или не запоминала конкретные шаблоны или решения. Это требует поиска способов внедрения случайности и творчества в процесс генерации данных, сохраняя при этом качество и связность примеров.
Более того, даже после создания таких наборов данных у нас нет хорошей методологии для измерения и оценки уровня разнообразия и избыточности в данных. Например, если у нас есть набор данных с упражнениями по программированию, сложно определить, сколько различных вариаций каждого упражнения существует и как они распределены по набору данных. Наконец, поскольку сами языковые модели будут использоваться для генерации данных для будущих языковых моделей, это повышает актуальность этических и социальных последствий обучения таких моделей, таких как подотчетность, прозрачность и предвзятость данных и моделей, участвующих в этом процессе.
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[DFE+ 22] Tri Dao, Dan Fu, Stefano Ermon, Atri Rudra, and Christopher R´e. Flashattention: Fast and memory-efficient exact attention with io-awareness. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 35:16344–16359, 2022.
[DLT+ 23] Yann Dubois, Xuechen Li, Rohan Taori, Tianyi Zhang, Ishaan Gulrajani, Jimmy Ba, Carlos Guestrin, Percy Liang, and Tatsunori B Hashimoto. Alpacafarm: A simulation framework for methods that learn from human feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.14387, 2023.
[EL23] Ronen Eldan and Yuanzhi Li. Tinystories: How small can language models be and still speak coherent english? arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.07759, 2023. [GWS+ 23] Arnav Gudibande, Eric Wallace, Charlie Snell, Xinyang Geng, Hao Liu, Pieter Abbeel, Sergey Levine, and Dawn Song. The false promise of imitating proprietary llms. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.15717, 2023.
[HBM+ 22] Jordan Hoffmann, Sebastian Borgeaud, Arthur Mensch, Elena Buchatskaya, Trevor Cai, Eliza Rutherford, Diego de las Casas, Lisa Anne Hendricks, Johannes Welbl, Aidan Clark, Tom Hennigan, Eric Noland, Katherine Millican, George van den Driessche, Bogdan Damoc, Aurelia Guy, Simon Osindero, Karen Simonyan, Erich Elsen, Oriol Vinyals, Jack William Rae, and Laurent Sifre. An empirical analysis of compute-optimal large language model training. In Alice H. Oh, Alekh Agarwal, Danielle Belgrave, and Kyunghyun Cho, editors, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2022.
[HNA+ 17] Joel Hestness, Sharan Narang, Newsha Ardalani, Gregory Diamos, Heewoo Jun, Hassan Kianinejad, Md Mostofa Ali Patwary, Yang Yang, and Yanqi Zhou. Deep learning scaling is predictable, empirically. arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.00409, 2017.
[JWJ+ 23] Jaehun Jung, Peter West, Liwei Jiang, Faeze Brahman, Ximing Lu, Jillian Fisher, Taylor Sorensen, and Yejin Choi. Impossible distillation: from low-quality model to high-quality dataset & model for summarization and paraphrasing. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.16635, 2023.
[KLA+ 22] Denis Kocetkov, Raymond Li, Loubna Ben Allal, Jia Li, Chenghao Mou, Carlos Mu˜noz Ferrandis, Yacine Jernite, Margaret Mitchell, Sean Hughes, Thomas Wolf, et al. The stack: 3 tb of permissively licensed source code. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.15533, 2022.
[KMH+ 20] Jared Kaplan, Sam McCandlish, Tom Henighan, Tom B Brown, Benjamin Chess, Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, and Dario Amodei. Scaling laws for neural language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.08361, 2020.
[LAZ+ 23] Raymond Li, Loubna Ben Allal, Yangtian Zi, Niklas Muennighoff, Denis Kocetkov, Chenghao Mou, Marc Marone, Christopher Akiki, Jia Li, Jenny Chim, et al. Starcoder: may the source be with you! arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.06161, 2023.
[LCC+ 22] Yujia Li, David Choi, Junyoung Chung, Nate Kushman, Julian Schrittwieser, R´emi Leblond, Tom Eccles, James Keeling, Felix Gimeno, Agustin Dal Lago, et al. Competition-level code generation with alphacode. Science, 378(6624):1092–1097, 2022.
[LGK+ 23] Zinan Lin, Sivakanth Gopi, Janardhan Kulkarni, Harsha Nori, and Sergey Yekhanin. Differentially private synthetic data via foundation model apis 1: Images. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.15560, 2023.
[LXWZ23] Jiawei Liu, Chunqiu Steven Xia, Yuyao Wang, and Lingming Zhang. Is your code generated by chatgpt really correct? rigorous evaluation of large language models for code generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.01210, 2023.
[LXZ+ 23] Ziyang Luo, Can Xu, Pu Zhao, Qingfeng Sun, Xiubo Geng, Wenxiang Hu, Chongyang Tao, Jing Ma, Qingwei Lin, and Daxin Jiang. Wizardcoder: Empowering code large language models with evol-instruct, 2023.
[LYR+ 23] Shayne Longpre, Gregory Yauney, Emily Reif, Katherine Lee, Adam Roberts, Barret Zoph, Denny Zhou, Jason Wei, Kevin Robinson, David Mimno, et al. A pretrainer’s guide to training data: Measuring the effects of data age, domain coverage, quality, & toxicity. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.13169, 2023.
[MMJ+ 23] Subhabrata Mukherjee, Arindam Mitra, Ganesh Jawahar, Sahaj Agarwal, Hamid Palangi, and Ahmed Awadallah. Orca: Progressive learning from complex explanation traces of gpt-4. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.02707, 2023.
[MRB+ 23] Niklas Muennighoff, Alexander M Rush, Boaz Barak, Teven Le Scao, Aleksandra Piktus, Nouamane Tazi, Sampo Pyysalo, Thomas Wolf, and Colin Raffel. Scaling data-constrained language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.16264, 2023.
[NHX+ 23] Erik Nijkamp, Hiroaki Hayashi, Caiming Xiong, Silvio Savarese, and Yingbo Zhou. Codegen2: Lessons for training llms on programming and natural languages. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.02309, 2023.
[NPH+ 22] Erik Nijkamp, Bo Pang, Hiroaki Hayashi, Lifu Tu, Huan Wang, Yingbo Zhou, Silvio Savarese, and Caiming Xiong. Codegen: An open large language model for code with multi-turn program synthesis. arXiv preprint, 2022.
[NPH+ 23] Erik Nijkamp, Bo Pang, Hiroaki Hayashi, Lifu Tu, Huan Wang, Yingbo Zhou, Silvio Savarese, and Caiming Xiong. Codegen: An open large language model for code with multi-turn program synthesis. ICLR, 2023.
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[SSZ+ 23] Ilia Shumailov, Zakhar Shumaylov, Yiren Zhao, Yarin Gal, Nicolas Papernot, and Ross Anderson. Model dementia: Generated data makes models forget. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.17493, 2023
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[WKM+ 22] Yizhong Wang, Yeganeh Kordi, Swaroop Mishra, Alisa Liu, Noah A Smith, Daniel Khashabi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. Self-instruct: Aligning language model with self generated instructions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.10560, 2022.
[WLG+ 23] Yue Wang, Hung Le, Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare, Nghi DQ Bui, Junnan Li, and Steven CH Hoi. Codet5+: Open code large language models for code understanding and generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.07922, 2023.
[WTB+ 22] Jason Wei, Yi Tay, Rishi Bommasani, Colin Raffel, Barret Zoph, Sebastian Borgeaud, Dani Yogatama, Maarten Bosma, Denny Zhou, Donald Metzler, Ed H. Chi, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Oriol Vinyals, Percy Liang, Jeff Dean, and William Fedus. Emergent abilities of large language models. Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2022. Survey Certification.
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A. Дополнительные примеры для Раздела 3
В Разделе 3 мы обсудили на нескольких примерах, как дообученные модели демонстрируют значительное улучшение по сравнению с базовой моделью при выполнении задач, которые не представлены в наборе данных для дообучения. Здесь мы предоставляем дополнительные примеры и детали, чтобы проиллюстрировать эти улучшения.
A.1 Дообучение (файнтюнинг) улучшает способность модели к пониманию
Следующий пример является сложным из-за обилия различных логических операторов, таких как «и» и «не», которые связывают множество утверждений. До файнтюнинга модель путается в логике, заложенной в утверждении. Она с трудом различает «элементы» и «индексы» и не уверена, какой массив использовать. Напротив, дообученная модель успешно идентифицирует все соответствующие массивы и индексы, корректно реализуя логические операторы.
Prompt: Input is an array A, an array B, an array C, an array E, a numpy matrix D. I want to find all the indices of D whose elements are in the union of B and C and whose row index is not in A and column index is in D. Loop through the elements in D. Return the list of indices.
Промпт: Входные данные: массив A, массив B, массив C, массив E, матрица numpy D. Найди все индексы матрицы D, элементы которых находятся в объединении B и C, и чей индекс строки не входит в A, а индекс столбца входит в D. Пройдись по элементам матрицы D. Верни список индексов.
# phi-1
indices = []
for i in range(D.shape[0]):
for j in range(D.shape[1]):
if D[i][j] in B or D[i][j] in C:
if i not in A and j in D:
indices.append((i,j))
return indices# phi-1-base
indices = []
for i in range(len(D)):
for j in range(len(D[i])):
if D[i][j] in B and D[i][j] not in A:
indices.append(j)
return indices# phi-1-small
indices = []
for i in range(D.shape[1]):
if D[0][i] in B and D[0][i] not in A and D[i][0] in C and D[i][0] not in E:
indices.append(i)
return indicesA.2 Дообучение улучшает способность модели использовать внешние библиотеки
Пример с PyTorch.
В этом примере с использованием PyTorch мы просим модель написать модифицированный шаг обновления градиента:
Prompt: Write a pytorch function. The input is a model, take the gradient of each parameter of the model, do an SVD of each gradient to get U, Sigma, V, take the top k singular values of Sigma as Sigmak, then do a update step to the parameter using Uk*Sigmak * Vk times the norm of the parameter.
Промпт: Напиши функцию на PyTorch. Входные данные — это модель. Возьми градиент каждого параметра модели, выполни сингулярное разложение (SVD) каждого градиента, чтобы получить U, Sigma, V, возьми топ-k сингулярных значений Sigma как Sigma k, затем выполни шаг обновления параметра, используя Uk * Sigma k * Vk, умноженное на норму параметра.
# phi-1
...
for p in model.parameters():
if p.grad is not None:
U, Sigma, V = p.grad.svd()
Sigmak = Sigma[:k].diag()
p.data.add_(torch.mm(U[:,:k], torch.mm(Sigmak, V[:k,:])).mul_(norm))# phi-1-base
...
self.model = model
self.k = k
self.eps = eps
self.max_iter = max_iter
self.verbose = verbose
self.svd_u = None
self.svd_sigma = None
self.svd_v = None
self.svd_k = None
self.svd_u_k = None
...# phi-1-small
def svd(x):
u, s, v = np.linalg.svd(x)
return u, s, v
def update_parameter(parameter, grad):
u, s, v = svd(grad)
parameter = u[:, :k]
np.diag(s[:k]) v[:k, :]
parameter += np.diag(sigmoid(parameter))
return parameterКод, созданный моделью phi-1-small, демонстрирует недостаточное понимание API и ограничения в понимании задачи, что приводит к нескольким значительным ошибкам. Во-первых, он использует np.linalg.svd(x), что несовместимо с тензорами PyTorch. Во-вторых, он ошибочно присваивает результат SVD непосредственно параметру, отклоняясь от инструкции в запросе, где требуется добавить его. С другой стороны, phi-1-base полностью теряется и выдает лишь последовательность бессмысленных определений. Это указывает на то, что улучшение способности модели к логическому рассуждению (даже для простых функций) может значительно повысить общую способность модели к написанию кода.
Пример с Pyplot
Последний пример связан с использованием API Pyplot. Модель обычно хорошо справляется с Pyplot, поэтому мы разработали сложную задачу, попросив модель реализовать анимацию.
Prompt: Create an x array that are integers from 1 to 20, y array that is equal to the
elementwise cos of x divided by element-wise sqrt(x + 1). Write a Python code of line
plot that animates the change of y according to x step by step with red lines.
However, during the animation, when x[i] is larger than 11, change the animation line
color from red to green.Промпт: Создай массив x, состоящий из целых чисел от 1 до 20, и массив y, равный cos x каждого элемента, деленному на квадратный корень из (x + 1) каждого элемента. Напиши код на Python для построения линейного графика, который анимирует изменение y в зависимости от x шаг за шагом с использованием красных линий. Однако во время анимации, когда x[i] становится больше 11, изменит цвет линии анимации с красного на зеленый.
# phi-1
...
x = np.arange(1, 21)
y = np.cos(x) / np.sqrt(x + 1)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
line, = ax.plot([], [], color='red')
...
ax.set_title('Animation of Cosine and Cosine-Square-Root')
def animate(i):
if x[i] > 11:
line.set_color('green')
else:
line.set_color('red')
line.set_data(x[:i+1], y[:i+1])
return line,
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames=len(x), interval=500, blit=True)
plt.show()# phi-1-base
...
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
x = np.arange(1, 21)
y = np.cos(x) / np.sqrt(x + 1)
line, = ax.plot([], [], lw=2)
def init():
line.set_data([], [])
return line,
def animate(i):
if x[i] > 11:
line.set_color('green')
else:
line.set_color('red')
return line,
anim = FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init, frames=len(x), interval=50, blit=True)# phi-1-small
...
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
x_array = list(range(1, 21))
y_array = [math.cos(xi/10) for xi in x_array]
def animate(i):
...
ax.plot(x_array, y_array)
if x_array[i] > 11:
color = "red"
else:
color = "green"
ax.scatter(x_array[i],
y_array[i], color=color)
return ax
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames=len(x_array), interval=50, blit=True)
plt.show()phi-1-small выдает некорректный результат. С точки зрения API, модель не понимает требование «линейный график» и использует только точечный график (и даже он реализован неправильно). phi-1-base правильно понимает шаблон, но упускает основную функцию для обновления линейного графика на каждой итерации.
B. Ограничения модели phi-1
Хотя дообучение на простых упражнениях значительно улучшает общую производительность модели, существуют определенные ограничения, присущие нашей модели, которые невозможно преодолеть только за счет файнтюнинга. Во-первых, наша модель имеет всего 1,3 миллиарда параметров и обучалась на 7 миллиардах токенов, что ограничивает ее способность справляться с более сложными задачами, такими как разработка сложного приложения на Flask, по сравнению с другими моделями, такими как Starcoder. Помимо ограничений нашей модели в плане универсальности по сравнению с StarCoder или ChatGPT, мы также выделили несколько других слабых сторон:
Чувствительность к вариациям в запросах.
Наша модель чувствительна к различным изменениям в запросах. Во-первых, ее производительность значительно снижается с увеличением длины запроса, так как она склонна игнорировать, забывать или неправильно интерпретировать части запроса, если он слишком длинный. Например, наша модель не справляется, когда мы увеличиваем количество слоев с 3 до 4 в следующем случае. Мы предполагаем, что эта проблема возникает из-за того, что наши упражнения в основном состоят из коротких запросов. Кроме того, результат генерации может качественно отличаться при незначительном изменении запроса. В этом случае, с добавлением команды import torch, модель часто успешно справляется с задачей, которая ранее вызывала у нее затруднения.
Пример запроса 1:
Create a neural network class in Pytorch with 3 layers. Implement a new "rr" method to this new function: It takes input x. Apply the first layer on x and assign the output to y, then apply the second layer on y and assign the output to z, then apply the third layer on z and assign it to w, then sum up y, z, w and assign it to Q. Return Q
Создай класс нейронной сети на PyTorch с 3 слоями. Реализуй новый метод "rr" для этой функции: Он принимает входные данные x. Примени первый слой к x и присвой результат y, затем примени второй слой к y и присвой результат z, затем примени третий слой к z и присвой результат w, затем сложи y, z, w и присвой результат Q. Верни Q.
class NeuralNetwork(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(NeuralNetwork, self).__init__()
self.layer1 = nn.Linear(2, 5)
self.layer2 = nn.Linear(5, 3)
self.layer3 = nn.Linear(3, 1)
def rr(self, x):
y = self.layer1(x)
z = self.layer2(y)
w = self.layer3(z)
Q = y + z + w
return QПример запроса 2:
Create a neural network class in Pytorch with 4 layers. Implement a new "rr" method to this new function: It takes input x. Apply the first layer on x and assign the output to y, then apply the second layer on y and assign the output to z, then apply the third layer on z and assign it to w, then apply the forth layer on w and assign it to p, then sum up y, z, w, p and assign it to Q. Return Q.
Создай класс нейронной сети на PyTorch с 4 слоями. Реализуй новый метод "rr" для этой функции: Он принимает входные данные x. Примени первый слой к x и присвой результат y, затем примени второй слой к y и присвой результат z, затем примени третий слой к z и присвой результат w, затем примени четвертый слой к w и присвой результат p, затем сложи y, z, w, p и присвой результат Q. Верни Q.
class NeuralNetwork:
def __init__(self):
self.layers = []
def add_layer(self, layer):
self.layers.append(layer)
...
def rr(self, x):
y = self.forward(x)
z = self.forward(y)
w = self.forward(z)
p = self.forward(w)
Q = y + z + w + p
return QПример запроса 3:
import torchCreate a neural network class in Pytorch with 4 layers. Implement a new "rr" method to this new function: It takes input x. Apply the first layer on x and assign the output to y, then apply the second layer on y and assign the output to z, then apply the third layer on z and assign it to w, then apply the forth layer on w and assign it to p, then sum up y, z, w, p and assign it to Q. Return Q.
import torchСоздай класс нейронной сети на PyTorch с 4 слоями. Реализуй новый метод "rr" для этой функции: Он принимает входные данные x. Примени первый слой к x и присвой результат y, затем примени второй слой к y и присвой результат z, затем примени третий слой к z и присвой результат w, затем примени четвертый слой к w и присвой результат p, затем сложи y, z, w, p и присвой результат Q. Верни Q.
class NeuralNetwork(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(NeuralNetwork, self).__init__()
self.layer1 = torch.nn.Linear(10, 20)
...
def forward(self, x):
x = torch.nn.functional.relu(self.layer1(x))
y = torch.nn.functional.relu(self.layer2(x))
z = torch.nn.functional.relu(self.layer3(y))
w = torch.nn.functional.relu(self.layer4(z))
p = torch.nn.functional.relu(self.output(w))
Q = p + y + z + w
return QЧувствительность к естественным языковым запросам
Модель phi-1 демонстрирует меньшую устойчивость к обработке естественного языка по сравнению с ChatGPT или StarCoder, особенно в случае неоднозначных запросов. Это может быть связано с тем, что мы исключили определенные типы данных из процесса обучения, чтобы гарантировать качество на уровне учебника.
Например, наша модель испытывает трудности с термином «неизменный» (unchanged) и с интерпретацией нумерованных списков в запросе.
Пример запроса 1:
Alice is moving a point along x,y axes at every iteration. Every time Alice moves the point randomly with one of the options: (1). x increases by 2, y decreases by 5; (2). x increases by 1, y decreases by 2, (3). x stays unchanged, y increase by 4. Simulate the movement of the points.
Алиса перемещает точку вдоль осей x и y на каждой итерации. Каждый раз Алиса перемещает точку случайным образом одним из вариантов: (1) x увеличивается на 2, y уменьшается на 5; (2) x увеличивается на 1, y уменьшается на 2; (3) x остается неизменным, y увеличивается на 4. Смоделируй движение точки.
x, y = 0, 0
for i in range(10):
move = random.choice([1, 2,3])
if move == 1:
x += 2
y -= 5
elif move == 2:
x += 1
y -= 2
elif move == 3:
x = 0
y += 4
return f"Alice's final position is ({x}, {y})."Пример запроса 2:
Alice is moving a point along x,y axes at every iteration. Every time Alice moves the point randomly with one of the options: (1). x increases by 2, y decreases by 5; (2). x increases by 1, y decreases by 2, (3). x stays at x, y increase by 4. Simulate the movement of the points.
Алиса перемещает точку вдоль осей x и y на каждой итерации. Каждый раз Алиса перемещает точку случайным образом одним из вариантов: (1) x увеличивается на 2, y уменьшается на 5; (2) x увеличивается на 1, y уменьшается на 2; (3) x остается равным x, y увеличивается на 4. Смоделируй движение точки.
x, y = 0, 0
for i in range(10):
move = random.choice([1, 2, 3])
if move == 1:
x += 2
y -= 5
elif move == 2:
x += 1
y -= 2
elif move == 3:
x = x
y += 4
print(f"Alice moved {move}
point to ({x}, {y})")Пример запроса 3:
Alice is moving a point along x,y axes at every iteration. Every time Alice moves the point randomly with one of the options: (1). move by (2, -5); (2). move by (1, 2); (3). move by (0, 4); Simulate the movement of the points.
Алиса перемещает точку вдоль осей x и y на каждой итерации. Каждый раз Алиса перемещает точку случайным образом одним из вариантов: (1) перемещение на (2, -5); (2) перемещение на (1, 2); (3) перемещение на (0, 4); Смоделируй движение точки.
x, y = 0, 0
for i in range(n):
move = random.choice([(1, 2), (2, -5), (1, 2), (3, 0), (0, 4)])
x += move[0]
y += move[1]
return f"Alice moved {x} units to the right and {y} units down after {n} iterations."
# Note: the model hallucinates the moves (1, 2), (3, 0).Эти примеры показывают, что модель phi-1 может испытывать трудности с интерпретацией естественного языка, особенно если присутствуют неоднозначные или сложные конструкции. Это подчеркивает необходимость дальнейшего улучшения модели в плане обработки естественного языка и повышения ее устойчивости к вариативным запросам.
Плохая способность к счету и пространственному мышлению
Одним из основных ограничений нашей модели, особенно в сравнении с альтернативами, такими как StarCoder, является ее производительность на задачах, связанных с подсчетом и пространственным мышлением. Модель с трудом поддерживает точные данные о количестве и расположении элементов в сцене. Чтобы проиллюстрировать это, рассмотрим следующий пример:
Пример запроса:
Generate a
tkinterapplication, I want two textfields side by side at the top, three buttons at the bottom, one named A on the left, one named B on the right, one named C at the middle.Создай приложение на
tkinter. Мне нужно два текстовых поля, расположенных рядом в верхней части, три кнопки в нижней части: одна с именем A слева, одна с именем B справа и одна с именем C по центру.
# phi-1
...
text_a = tk.Text(root, width=30, height=5)
text_b = tk.Text(root, width=30, height=5)
text_c = tk.Text(root, width=30, height=5)
# Create the buttons
button_a = tk.Button(root, text="A", width=10, height=2)
button_b = tk.Button(root, text="B", width=10, height=2)
button_c = tk.Button(root, text="C", width=10, height=2)
# Place the text fields and buttons in the top row
text_a.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
text_b.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
text_c.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5)
# Place the buttons in the bottom row
button_a.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=5, pady=5)
button_b.grid(row=1, column=1, columnspan=3, padx=5, pady=5)
button_c.grid(row=1, column=2, columnspan=3, padx=5, pady=5)
...# phi-1-small
window = tk.Tk()
window.title("TextFields")
# Create the left and right textfields
text1 = tk.Text(window, text="A")
text1.pack()
text2 = tk.Text(window, text="B")
text2.pack()
# Create the middle button
button = tk.Button(window, text="C")
button.pack()
# Start the tkinter application
window.mainloop()# phi-1-base
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Text Fields")
root.geometry("300x200")
root.resizable(False, False)
root.configure(background="white")
root.configure(font=("Arial", 12))
root.configure(foreground="black")
root.configure(relief="groove")
root.configure(padx=10, pady=10)
root.configure(state="disabled")
# The model keeps outputting nonsensical code.Несмотря на улучшения, достигнутые за счет дообучения, наша модель по-прежнему испытывает трудности с подсчетом и пространственным мышлением. Она создает лишнее текстовое поле и неправильно размещает кнопку в сцене.
C. Примеры для Раздела 5
В этом разделе мы предоставляем примеры пар кода, с разными коэффициентами совпадения AST. Кроме того, мы приводим пример пары кода, полученной с использованием эмбеддингового расстояния в качестве меры схожести.
Коэффициент совпадения AST = 1.0
Здесь задачи на программирование требуют одинакового логического рассуждения, хотя формулировки запросов могут значительно отличаться. В частности, в запросе используется реальное событие (например, расстояние между отверстиями на линии), чтобы неявно обучить модели базовой задаче нахождения ближайшей пары элементов в массиве.
HumanEval
from typing import List, Tuple
def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:
""" From a supplied list of numbers (of
length at least two) select and return two
that are the closest to each
other and return them in order (smaller
number, larger number).
>>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0,
4.0, 5.0, 2.2])
(2.0, 2.2)
>>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0,
4.0, 5.0, 2.0])
(2.0, 2.0)
"""
numbers.sort()
min_diff = float('inf')
closest_pair = None
for i in range(len(numbers) - 1):
diff = numbers[i+1] - numbers[i]
if diff < min_diff:
min_diff = diff
closest_pair = (numbers[i], numbers[i
+1])
return closest_pairCodeExercises
from typing import List, Tuple
def find_closest_two_holes(holes: List[int]) -> (int, int):
"""
Finds the two closest holes on a line.
Args:
holes: A list of integers representing
the positions of holes on a line.
Returns:
A tuple of two integers representing the
positions of the two closest holes on the
line.
"""
holes.sort()
min_distance = float('inf')
closest_holes = None
for i in range(len(holes) - 1):
distance = holes[i+1] - holes[i]
if distance < min_distance:
min_distance = distance
closest_holes = (holes[i], holes[i+1])
return closest_holesКоэффициент совпадения AST = 0.96
Здесь две задачи используют схожие логические рассуждения и концепции программирования, но их запросы требуют выполнения разных задач, например, возвращение пары чисел в отличие от вычисления их среднего значения.
HumanEval
from typing import List
def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:
""" From a supplied list of numbers (of
length at least two) select and return two
that are the closest to each
other and return them in order (smaller
number, larger number).
>>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0,
4.0, 5.0, 2.2])
(2.0, 2.2)
>>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0,
4.0, 5.0, 2.0])
(2.0, 2.0)
"""
numbers.sort()
min_diff = float('inf')
closest_pair = None
for i in range(len(numbers) - 1):
diff = numbers[i+1] - numbers[i]
if diff < min_diff:
min_diff = diff
closest_pair = (numbers[i], numbers[i+1])
return closest_pairCodeExercises
from typing import List
def find_closest_pair_average(li: List[int]) -> float:
"""
Returns the average of the two integers in
the list that are closest to each other.
If there are multiple pairs with the same
minimum difference, the function returns the
average of the first pair it encounters.
Args:
- li: a list of integers
Returns:
- a float representing the average of the two
integers in the list that are closest to
each other
"""
li.sort()
min_diff = float('inf')
closest_pair = None
for i in range(len(li)-1):
diff = li[i+1] - li[i]
if diff < min_diff:
min_diff = diff
closest_pair = (li[i], li[i+1])
return sum(closest_pair) / 2Коэффициент совпадения AST ≤ 0.9
Когда коэффициент совпадения AST ≤ 0.9, пары кода становятся менее схожими, так как их структура и логика начинают значительно отличаться. Здесь уровень совпадения AST (абстрактного синтаксического дерева) составляет 0.9 и 0.83 соответственно.
HumanEval
from typing import List
def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:
""" Return list of all prefixes from
shortest to longest of the input string
>>> all_prefixes('abc')
['a', 'ab', 'abc']
"""
prefixes = []
for i in range(len(string)):
prefixes.append(string[:i+1])
return prefixesCodeExercises
from typing import List
def increase_after_each(li: List[int]) -> List[int]:
"""
Given a list of integers, returns a new list
where each element is increased by the
number of elements in the original list that
come after it.
Args:
- li: A list of integers
Returns:
- A new list of integers where each element
is increased by the number of elements in
the original list that come after it.
"""
result = []
for i in range(len(li)):
result.append(li[i] + len(li[i+1:]))
return resultHumanEval
from typing import List
def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:
""" Given list of numbers (of at least two
elements), apply a linear transform to that
list, such that the smallest number will
become 0 and the largest will become 1
>>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0,
5.0])
[0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]
"""
min_num = min(numbers)
max_num = max(numbers)
return [(num - min_num) / (max_num - min_num) for num in numbers]CodeExercises
from typing import List
def frequency_ranges_plot(values: List[float]) -> List[List[int]]:
"""
Returns a list of lists where each inner list
represents a frequency range and contains
the count of values
that fall within that range. The ranges are
determined by dividing the range of values
into 10 equal parts.
Args:
- values: A list of float values
Returns:
- A list of lists where each inner list
contains two integers representing the lower
and upper bounds of the range
and the count of values that fall within that
range.
"""
min_val = min(values)
max_val = max(values)
range_size = (max_val - min_val) / 10
ranges = [[min_val + i*range_size, min_val + (i+1)*range_size, 0] for i in ange(10)]
for val in values:
for i, r in enumerate(ranges):
if r[0] <= val < r[1]:
ranges[i][2] += 1
break
return [[int(r[0]), int(r[1]), r[2]] for r in ranges]Эмбеддинговое расстояние = 0.16
Здесь две задачи имеют схожие Python Docstrings, имена функций, а также структуру кода, что можно выявить с помощью L2-расстояния между нормализованными эмбеддингами CodeGen-Mono 350M для каждой из них.
HumanEval
def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
""" For a given list of integers, return a
tuple consisting of a sum and a product of
all the integers in a list.
Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty
product should be equal to 1.
>>> sum_product([])
(0, 1)
>>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])
(10, 24)
"""
sum_value = 0
prod_value = 1
for n in numbers:
sum_value += n
prod_value *= n
return sum_value, prod_valueCodeExercises
from typing import List, Tuple
def all_numbers_sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int,int]:
"""
Returns a tuple containing the sum and
product of all the numbers in the input list.
Args:
- numbers (List[int]): a list of integers
Returns:
- a tuple containing two integers:
- the sum of all the numbers in the input
list
- the product of all the numbers in the
input list
"""
sum_of_numbers = 0
product_of_numbers = 1
for num in numbers:
sum_of_numbers += num
product_of_numbers *= num
return (sum_of_numbers, product_of_numbers)-
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07.04.25 18:32
elizabethrush89
God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: Recovercapital AT cyberservices. com Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover
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07.04.25 18:32
elizabethrush89
God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: Recovercapital AT cyberservices. com Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover
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07.04.25 21:03
elizabethrush89
God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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08.04.25 03:00
natashaohnson
Working in conflict zones means improvising. When normal banking channels failed us, our NGO relied on Bitcoin to buy medical supplies directly. It worked, until a missile strike took out our field office, along with the hardware wallet that stored $410,000 in funds. Overnight, our ability to deliver life-saving aid is paralyzed. Amidst the chaos, I reached out to contacts in the humanitarian world. A UN aid worker whispered a name: Cyber Constable Intelligence. "They're the ones who can help you recover lost crypto," he assured me. Despair and hope clashed as I dialed their team on a satellite phone in a conflict zone. What followed was nothing short of a virtual rescue mission. Cyber Constable Intelligence's blockchain forensic experts didn't simply "recover" our assets; they improvised a fix like battlefield medics performing triage. They tracked our wallet's blockchain timestamps, reconstructing lost credentials from synced backups and transaction history. Working under direst duress, we communicated information between spotty internet and backup power sources. Cyber Constable Intelligence team members improvised, rendering security protocols impenetrable as they worked through the jurisdictional nightmares of working within war zones. Every update from them was a pulse that kept our mission alive. After our last available backup failed, they instituted a complex cryptographic reconstruction technique, a process I still don't understand, but it worked. Twelve days later, my satellite device displayed a message: "Access restored. Funds secured." It was not money. It was bandages, antibiotics, clean water, and hope. Thanks to Cyber Constable Intelligence, we replenish our medical supplies, ensuring that patients, innocent victims who had been caught in the crossfire, received the treatment they deserved. More than restoration, they advised us on decentralized storage and multi-signature security for long-term durability. We don't simply utilize Bitcoin presently; we utilize it astutely. Now, each time I sign a crypto transaction, I remember that minute, receiving life-saving medication that might not have come but for this group. In times of war, not every hero wears a uniform. Some carry keyboards, hunting down lost assets and securing humanitarian aid. Cyber Constable Intelligence not only restored our crypto, they kept our mission in the battle. If you think Bitcoin is just an investment, think again. To us, it's a lifeline. CYBER CONSTABLE INTELLIGENCE INFO: WhatsApp: 1 252378-7611 Website info; www.cyberconstableintelligence.com Email Info [email protected] Telegram Info: https://t.me/cyberconstable
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10.04.25 23:26
patricialovick86
How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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10.04.25 23:27
patricialovick86
How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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11.04.25 00:48
patricialovick86
How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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11.04.25 03:20
edwardoelliott6
PROFESSIONAL MONEY RECOVERY AGENCY → FOLKWIN EXPERT RECOVERY. Hi, I’m sharing my ordeal today because I know many of you could be in the same situation, and I want to help you avoid the same mistake I made. A little over a month ago, I came across what seemed like an incredible deal for a movie streaming service. They promised all the latest movies, TV shows, and exclusive content for a very reasonable price. They were offering an annual subscription for just $39,000, which seemed like a great deal at the time when compared to some of the larger streaming services out there. I should’ve known something was off from the start. The website looked pretty legitimate, had professional graphics, and even customer reviews that were mostly positive. But there were no big, recognizable brand names behind it, and the service was claiming to have content from major studios, which raised a red flag I didn't fully process. Still, the deal was tempting, and after doing a quick search online (which, in hindsight, wasn’t thorough enough), I decided to go ahead and sign up. I paid the $39,000 upfront for the annual subscription, thinking that I was getting access to all the movies and shows I’d ever wanted. At first, everything seemed fine. I received an email confirming my subscription and even a receipt. But a few days later, when I went back to the site to browse content, I couldn’t get in. The site was down, and there was no way to contact anyone. I waited a few days, hoping it was just a technical issue. But then, I started doing some more research and realized that others had fallen victim to the same scam. The website had disappeared, and no one could find any trace of the company behind it. I was furious. I had just lost $39,000, and it seemed like there was no way to get it back. That's when I came across Folkwin Expert Recovery. They specialize in helping people recover funds from online scams like this. I was skeptical at first, but after reading reviews and seeing their success stories, I decided to give them a try. The team at Folkwin Expert Recovery was extremely professional. They asked for all the details about my transaction, including the payment method, and got to work right away. Within just a few days, I received updates from them, and eventually, they successfully recovered my $39,000. It felt like a huge weight was lifted off my shoulders. I honestly didn’t think it was possible to get my money back, but thanks to Folkwin Expert Recovery, I did. If you ever find yourself in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to them. FOLKWINEXPERTRECOVERY(at)TECH-CENTER.C OM, TELEGRAM: @FOLKWIN_EXPERT_RECOVERY . They made the process simple and stress-free, and they delivered on their promises. Just remember to always be cautious when dealing with online subscriptions, especially if something feels too good to be true. Stay safe out there! Best Regards, Edward O. Elliott.
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11.04.25 08:10
Beatrice Gallagher
I was defrauded of $78,000 by an individual I met online who was involved in a fraudulent investment endeavour. I initiated a search for legal assistance to retrieve my funds, and I encountered numerous testimonies regarding a criminal named RecoveryHacker101. I contacted them and provided the requisite information. The experts were able to locate and assist in the recovery of my misappropriated funds within approximately 36 hours. The fraudster was apprehended and apprehended by local authorities in his region, which is a source of immense relief for me. I trust that this information will be beneficial to the numerous individuals who have fallen victim to these fraudulent online investment scams. Their professional services are highly recommended for those in need of prompt and effective recovery assistance. If you require their services, you may only contact them via email at RecoveryHacker101[at]gmail[dot]com.
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13.04.25 01:13
michaeldavenport218
I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance, contact [email protected] Capital Crypto Recover on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected]
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13.04.25 01:13
michaeldavenport218
I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance, contact [email protected] Capital Crypto Recover on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected]
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14.04.25 23:44
elizabethrush89
God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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17.04.25 03:56
tylerkevin
I discovered CheapCrypto net while searching for a cryptocurrency trading platform that promised lower fees and better arbitrage opportunities than the well-known Binance. Intrigued by the potential for profit, I decided to take a leap of faith and exchanged approximately $45,700.567 worth of USDC for Ethereum. Initially, everything seemed to be going smoothly, and I felt optimistic about my investment.However, when I attempted to transfer my newly acquired Ethereum to my main crypto wallet, I encountered a significant problem. The website repeatedly displayed a message saying, "Trying again…" but my funds remained stuck on CheapCrypto net. As the minutes turned into hours, panic set in. I began to realize that I might have fallen victim to scammers.Desperate for a solution, I started researching ways to recover my lost funds. That’s when I came across DUNAMIS CYBER SOLUTION, a service that specializes in helping individuals recover lost or stolen cryptocurrency. Their reputation for assisting victims of scams and fraudulent platforms gave me a glimmer of hope. I reached out to them, explaining my situation and the challenges I faced with CheapCrypto net.The team at DUNAMIS CYBER SOLUTION was incredibly responsive and professional. They guided me through the process of documenting my transaction and provided me with the necessary steps to initiate a recovery request. Their expertise in dealing with similar cases was evident, and I felt reassured that I was in capable hands.Within a short period, Y DUNAMIS CYBER SOLUTION began their investigation into CheapCrypto net. They utilized advanced tracking techniques to trace the flow of my funds and identify the scammers behind the platform. Their thorough approach and commitment to helping me recover my lost assets were impressive.After a few days of diligent work, I received the fantastic news that DUNAMIS CYBER SOLUTION had successfully traced my Ethereum and was able to facilitate its return. I was overjoyed to have my $45,700.567 restored, and I couldn’t be more grateful for the assistance I received.This has taught me a valuable lesson about the importance of conducting thorough research before engaging with new trading platforms. While the allure of lower fees and arbitrage opportunities can be tempting, it’s crucial to prioritize security and reliability. Thanks to DUNAMIS CYBER SOLUTION, I was able to recover my funds and regain my peace of mind. I promised them that after recovering my assets, I would spread the good news to others who faced similar challenges, ensuring they know there is hope and DUNAMIS CYBER SOLUTION are available 24/7. +13433030545 [email protected] [email protected]
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18.04.25 20:39
michaeldavenport218
I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance, contact [email protected] Capital Crypto Recover on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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18.04.25 20:39
michaeldavenport218
I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance, contact [email protected] Capital Crypto Recover on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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19.04.25 02:00
[email protected]
E m a i l. Trustgeekshackexpert[At]fastservice[Dot]com T e l e g r a m. Trustgeekshackexpert w h a t's A p p. +1 7 1 9 4 9 2 2 6 9 3 Back in January, I got caught up in a cryptocurrency scam that really turned my life upside down. I invested a jaw-dropping $214,000 in BNB on what I thought was a legitimate crypto site. For a while, everything seemed to be going smoothly, and I was excited about the returns I was expecting. But then, when I tried to withdraw my profits, everything fell apart. The scammers froze my account and demanded more money, claiming I had breached some sort of agreement. I was completely devastated and felt trapped in a nightmare. It got so overwhelming that I started having dark thoughts about ending it all. Thankfully, my family noticed I was struggling and stepped in when I finally opened up about what was happening. During one of our talks, my niece mentioned a group called (Trust Geeks Hack Expert). She had heard they helped people recover their stolen cryptocurrencies, and I was intrigued. I thought, “Could this be my saving grace?” So, I decided to reach out to them and explain my situation in detail. To my surprise, (Trust Geeks Hack Expert) was incredibly responsive and compassionate. They reassured me that they had dealt with cases like mine before and would do everything they could to help. I was a bit skeptical, but I was also desperate for a solution. Amazingly, within about three days if I remember correctly they managed to recover the entire $214,000 that I had lost! I was in shock. It felt like a huge burden had been lifted off my shoulders. If you’re reading this and you’ve fallen victim to a crypto scam, I can’t recommend (Trust Geeks Hack Expert) enough. They are truly exceptional at what they do. Reach out for help, and don’t hesitate to contact them. (Trust Geeks Hack Expert)
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20.04.25 00:45
khouser
Greetings, Katrina from Georgia. I would like to sincerely thank Supreme Peregrine Recovery for their assistance in repairing and improving my credit score. When I initially contacted them, I was confused about how to raise my credit score and feeling overburdened by my financial circumstances. Their staff helped me every step of the way and was very informed and helpful. In addition to helping me comprehend my credit report and offering helpful advice for money management, they also developed customized plans to deal with my credit problems. Within a few months, I noticed a notable improvement in my credit score because of their knowledge. I can now confidently pursue my ambitions and feel more secure about my financial future. +1,8,7,0,2,2,6,0,6,5,9 supremeperegrinerecovery567(@)zohomail(.)com supremeperegrinerecovery(@)proton(.)me info(@)supremeperegrinerecovery(.)com
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20.04.25 17:22
patricialovick86
How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected]
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20.04.25 17:22
patricialovick86
How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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21.04.25 03:51
gleerandon
Lost, Stolen, or Scammed Crypto Asset Recovery Services For Hire - Contact Dune Nectar Web Expert. The process of recovering lost cryptocurrency assets for victims of fraudulent schemes has presented significant challenges. Individuals who have been defrauded through social media platforms, including Instagram and Telegram, and deceptive investment websites often encounter difficulties in identifying legitimate crypto recovery companies capable of assisting in retrieving their lost investments. The consequences of falling victim to such scams can be profoundly detrimental, extending beyond mere financial loss. The emotional and psychological impact can be severe, potentially leading to significant stress, the accumulation of debt, and even legal complications. In extreme cases, the distress caused by fraudulent activities has been linked to instances of suicide among victims. Given cryptocurrency fraud's multifaceted and potentially devastating repercussions, victims must seek appropriate assistance. Should an individual find themselves in the unfortunate position of having been scammed or having had their cryptocurrency stolen, it is strongly recommended that they contact the DuneNectarWebExpert recovery team. This team specializes in providing support and guidance to individuals seeking to recover their lost funds. To get assistance, victims are advised to file a detailed complaint to DuneNectarWebExpert team via [ Support @Dunenectarwebexpert . com. ] or Telegram [ DuneNectarWebExpert ]. This complaint should include all available evidence related to the fraudulent activity, such as transaction records, communication logs, and any other pertinent documentation. Upon receipt of the complaint and supporting evidence, DuneNectarWebExpert team will commence the necessary procedures to facilitate the recovery of the lost cryptocurrency assets.
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21.04.25 12:19
michaeldavenport218
I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance, contact [email protected] Capital Crypto Recover on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected]
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24.04.25 17:59
cynthia19morris
I NEED A HACKER TO RECOVER STOLEN CRYPTO FROM SCAMMERS Call iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY If you're new to cryptocurrency trading, I highly recommend approaching it with extreme caution or avoiding it altogether. I was persuaded to invest a large portion of my life savings around 114,000 USDT into a forex platform promising high returns. After investing and seeing some profits, I was suddenly unable to withdraw my funds. My attempts to contact customer service were unsuccessful, and I realized I had been scammed. Thankfully, after extensive searching, I found a trusted crypto recovery expert: iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY. I reached out and shared my situation. They assured me they could help and within 24 hours, they had successfully recovered my funds. I'm incredibly grateful for their swift and skilled assistance. Scam Recovery: Specializing in retrieving funds lost to scams, they utilize advanced techniques to trace stolen assets and engage with financial institutions. Hacking Services: Their skilled professionals can investigate unauthorized access and breaches, ensuring that clients' digital assets are secured against future threats. Consultation and Guidance: Providing clients with insights on how to protect their investments from potential scams, iFORCE equips individuals with the knowledge needed to navigate the crypto space safely Website; www . iforcehackersrecovery . com Contact /wh,ats,app; +12.40.80.33.706 Email; contact@iforcehackersrecovery . com
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24.04.25 18:04
Marcus Sandford
I NEED A HACKER TO RECOVER STOLEN BITCOIN / USDT FROM SCAMMERS Hire iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY In the fast evolving world of cryptocurrency, the rise in scams and hacks has created a growing need for trustworthy recovery services. iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY stands out as a leader in crypto recovery, known for its expertise and results. With a team of skilled cybersecurity and blockchain professionals, iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY effectively handles complex cases of lost or stolen assets. Their services include scam recovery, hacking investigations, and personalized guidance to help clients safeguard their investments. Backed by a strong track record and glowing client testimonials, iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY has earned its reputation as a reliable and results-driven solution for anyone seeking to recover crypto and stay protected in the digital financial landscape. Website; www . iforcehackersrecovery . com Contact /wh,ats,app; +12.40.80.33.706 Email; contact@iforcehackersrecovery . com
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24.04.25 18:07
Mark Shelton
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24.04.25 18:14
davidjustin50
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24.04.25 18:17
Mary Perez
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24.04.25 18:19
Anita Garrison
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24.04.25 18:23
joshuawashington
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25.04.25 15:44
Sharo2025
HACKER FOR CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SERVICE CONTACT //PASSCODE CYBER RECOVERY
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25.04.25 15:46
Sharo2025
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26.04.25 19:01
ashlyncarson
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27.04.25 02:41
elizabethrush89
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27.04.25 02:41
elizabethrush89
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29.04.25 12:10
walterkeith2004
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30.04.25 16:39
ratty clara
I’ve been a victim of a scam, lost all my money to a broker I invested with, was depressed for a few months, but the whole story changed when I visited Trustpilot. I came across a review about a man, Mr Bogdan sovar, on helping people get back their lost investment. I contacted him because I needed some help in getting my money back. To my greatest surprise, I was able to get my money back after a few days of getting in touch with him. It was all free, all he required for was a testimony of her generosity, which I promised I would do in all platforms. You can reach him at his Gmail address: hackerrone90 @ gmail . com and will guide you on the steps to take and get your invested capital, including your bonus, back
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30.04.25 22:56
thomaslilley99
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01.05.25 06:40
armand231101
If you have been scammed by a crypto investment group and are looking to retrieve your funds, it is important to take action as soon as possible. One option you can consider is reaching out to a reputable company like SUPERIOR HACK . SUPERIOR HACK RECOVERY specializes in cybersecurity and digital forensics, and they may be able to help you track down and recover your scammed funds. They have experience in dealing with crypto scams and can provide you with the necessary expertise and tools to assist you in your recovery efforts they carry out all kinds of hacking such as Remote phone hack 2. Crypto Recovery, Upgrade gpa, School Grades Change,Increase credit score, Database hack, Facebook, Whatsapp hack,Remote phone Hack, Remove criminal records all kinds of hack . contact Them via Email: ( [email protected] ) W h a t s a p p : +1 4106350697
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01.05.25 14:46
kookersylvia81
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01.05.25 20:59
elizabethrush89
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01.05.25 20:59
elizabethrush89
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03.05.25 05:01
melissaholroyd
"The breakthrough came when they traced the stolen BTC to a lesser-known Pakistani exchange. By collaborating with Interpol and Pakistani authorities, they managed to freeze the exchange account that held the bulk of my stolen coins. Although 0.3 BTC had already been liquidated, 3.2 BTC ($128,000) was successfully recovered and returned to me within 12 days. As for the people behind the scam, the click farm’s operators are now facing fraud and money laundering charges. I’m incredibly grateful for the hard work of Tech Cyber Force Recovery. They didn’t just help me recover my funds, they sent a clear message that scams like this won’t go unpunished. It’s a reminder that while the crypto space can be risky, there are Tech Cyber Force recovery teams out there who will fight to bring justice. WhatsApp +1 561 726 36 97 telegram (@)Techcyberforc
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03.05.25 12:24
ratty clara
thanks to this guy that help me get my money back from the scammers broker you can reach out to him Via : [ HACKERRONE90”AT” G M A IL DOT COM]
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08.05.25 03:35
jwright70
At FUNDS RETRIEVER ENGINEER, we specialize in the swift and efficient recovery of stolen or lost cryptocurrencies. Our team of seasoned cybersecurity experts, blockchain analysts, and digital forensics professionals employ state-of-the-art technology and innovative strategies to trace, identify, and reclaim your assets. We’re dedicated to helping individuals and organizations recover stolen cryptocurrencies and digital assets. Our team of expert cyber security specialists, cryptocurrency recovery specialists, and digital forensic analysts work tirelessly to track, recover, and secure your stolen assets. Visit us W H A T S A P P: +1 8 0 2 9 5 2 3 4 7 0 EmaIL F U N D S R E T R I E V E R [@] E N G I N E E R. C O M OR S U P P O R T @ F U N D S R E T R I E V E R [@] E N G I N E E R. C O M WEBSITE https://fundsretrieverengineer.com
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13.05.25 19:18
canemarcus0
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13.05.25 19:24
graceharrison09
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13.05.25 19:26
John Willis
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13.05.25 20:21
wendytaylor015
My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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13.05.25 20:21
wendytaylor015
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14.05.25 14:45
Clarkanderson
Hello, my name is Clark Anderson from Spain. I want to share my experience with a fake investment platform. I was introduced to a Bitcoin investment opportunity by a man from the United Kingdom and, trusting him, I invested $50,000. When I tried to withdraw my profits, I realized I had been scammed. Desperate for help, I searched online for recovery options and found Ultimate Hacker Jerry. Thanks to his assistance, I was able to seek help in recovering my losses. I hope my story serves as a warning to others about the dangers of online investments. INFOR [email protected] +1,4,5,8,3,0,8,0,8,2,5 https(://)ultimates hackjerry (.) com
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14.05.25 14:45
Clarkanderson
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14.05.25 14:45
Clarkanderson
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16.05.25 14:18
patricialovick86
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16.05.25 14:18
patricialovick86
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17.05.25 18:33
marywilliam3544
A few months ago, I became a victim of a crypto scam that cost me more than $42,000. It started with what looked like a legitimate investment opportunity on social media. The platform was well-designed, the “advisors” sounded experienced, and the returns they promised seemed realistic at the time. I did some quick research, saw fake positive reviews, and decided to give it a try.At first, everything seemed to go smoothly. I deposited small amounts and saw returns in my account almost immediately. Encouraged, I added more—until I realized I could no longer withdraw anything. The site shut down, the contact numbers went dead, and the people I had spoken to disappeared. That’s when it hit me—I had been scammed.I was embarrassed, angry, and honestly, heartbroken. I didn’t think there was any way to get the money back. My bank couldn’t help, the police didn’t have any tools for crypto tracing, and I felt completely stuck. Then, a friend referred me to PRO WIZARD GILBERT RECOVERY. I was hesitant at first, but after speaking with one of their recovery specialists, I felt a sense of hope I hadn’t felt in weeks. They were incredibly professional, didn’t make any exaggerated claims, and explained their process clearly.The team began working right away using advanced blockchain forensics to trace the stolen funds. Within a few days, they located the wallets that received my funds and started the legal steps necessary to flag and recover the crypto. I was blown away by how thorough and efficient they were After several weeks of careful investigation and coordination, PRO WIZARD GILBERT RECOVERY successfully recovered nearly 75% of my lost funds. I couldn’t believe it. I went from thinking that money was gone forever to having it returned to me—and all thanks to their dedication and expertise.If you’ve lost money to a crypto scam, I can’t recommend PRO WIZARD GILBERT RECOVERY enough. They’re the real deal. Professional, honest, and relentless in fighting for their clients. Thanks to them, I’ve not only recovered most of what I lost, but I’ve also regained peace of mind. CONTACT INFO=====WhatsApp +1 (920) 408‑1234 TELEGRAM====== http s:// t. me/Pro_Wizard_Gilbert_Recovery EMAIL========== pro wizard gilbert recovery (@) engineer. com
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19.05.25 05:42
kylebro
It’s been hard losing a lot of my money to these companies. I found a crypto Recovery Agent,VIA Email:( [email protected] ) who made sure I got back everything. If your case is similar, you can consult them on how to get your money back. Whats app or text : +1 949 245 7617 Telegram : @dawsonwright Website : bestrecoveryagent.com
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20.05.25 11:40
robertalfred175
CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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20.05.25 11:40
robertalfred175
CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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26.05.25 17:55
Juliuslaurence1
It started as an ordinary Tuesday. I was transferring 5 BTC my life savings at the time to a new cold wallet for better security. My fingers moved swiftly, copying the address, pasting it, and hitting Send without a second thought. Then ,the horrow struck.A split second after the transaction confirmed, I realized I had pasted the wrong address. A typo. One wrong character. My stomach twisted into knots as I watched my Bitcoin disappear into the blockchain abyss, headed to an address I didn’t recognize. Panic set in. 5 BTC. Over $300,000 at the time. Gone. I spent sleepless nights scouring forums, reaching out to blockchain experts, even pleading with miners but the immutable nature of Bitcoin meant no one could reverse it. The address was active, but the owner? Unknown. Then, I stumbled upon Washington Recovery Pro, a firm specializing in cryptocurrency transaction reversals and asset recovery. Skeptical but desperate, I reached out. Their team, led by a seasoned blockchain investigator named Marcus, took my case. They explained that while Bitcoin transactions are irreversible, if the recipient is identifiable, recovery is possible through negotiation or legal pressure. Using on-chain forensics, they traced the mistaken transaction to a crypto exchange wallet meaning the recipient had likely cashed out or moved the funds. Washington Recovery Pro contacted the exchange, providing irrefutable proof of the erroneous transfer. After weeks of pressure, the exchange froze the funds and initiated a recovery process. two weeks after my heart-stopping mistake, I received an email: Your 5 BTC has been recovered and will be returned to your wallet. I couldn’t believe it. Washington Recovery Pro had done the impossible. My Bitcoin was saved, but not by luck by skill, persistence, and legal expertise. If you ever face a similar nightmare, remember: some mistakes can be undone. Email: [email protected]: +1 (903) 249‑8633
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30.05.25 05:03
kevinpatmore2
Good day everyone, some statements people make may appear unbelievable, yet they reflect their truth due to their personal experiences. I'm a truck driver and I enjoy playing the lottery, but it's been 8 years without winning anything significant. I became upset over this and chose to seek help online from anyone skilled in using spells to win the lottery since my grandma had faith in spells and a story about Lord Meduza spells drew my interest. I obtained his contact information, and we discussed all aspects of how he could assist me. In less than 72 hours, Lord Meduza provided me with the lottery numbers I required after he completed the spell for me. I purchased my ticket online, followed the guidance of Lord Meduza, and now my life is fortunate because I won a $42.5 million Jackpot in the lottery I participated in. I’m thankful to Lord Meduza because he truly keeps his promises and I will donate $1 million to the orphanage homes in my city. Email: [email protected] or WhatsApp +18079072687.
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01.06.25 17:55
springthorpecameron5
After losing $153,000 to a fake investment platform on Telegram, I found myself under immense pressure due to both the financial loss and my ongoing cancer treatment. Desperate to recover my stolen cryptocurrency, I researched viable options and discovered Ruder Cyber Tech Sleuths, a registered Bitcoin and USDT Recovery Agency with a strong reputation. Their impressive record of successful recoveries and positive reviews gave me hope. Despite my initial doubts, reaching out to them was a pivotal moment in my recovery journey. The process was complex, but their dedication, advanced technology, and professionalism were evident. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to scams. Ruder Cyber Tech Sleuths are truly exceptional and provide hope in an often dishonest world. [email protected] [email protected] whatsapp: +12132801476 Telegram : @rudercybersleuths
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02.06.25 16:01
wendytaylor015
My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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02.06.25 16:01
wendytaylor015
My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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03.06.25 22:21
[email protected]
When I lost $120,000 to obvious price manipulation on a shady derivatives platform, I felt a mix of disbelief and frustration. I had been drawn to this platform by promises of high returns and innovative trading features that seemed too good to be true. Initially, everything appeared to be going well, and I was excited about the potential profits. However, it didn’t take long for me to notice some alarming signs. As I continued to trade, I began to see unusual price fluctuations that didn’t align with the broader market trends. It was as if the platform was orchestrating these movements to manipulate prices in their favor. Despite my growing suspicions, the allure of quick profits kept me engaged. I convinced myself that I could navigate the volatility and come out ahead. Unfortunately, that was a grave mistake. I suffered a significant loss, which wiped out a substantial portion of my investment. It was a gut-wrenching moment, and I felt utterly defeated. In my desperation, I reached out to Web-site: www://trustgeekshackexpert.com/ --- (Email: [email protected]] a firm that specializes in recovering lost funds from fraudulent platforms. I hoped they could help me reclaim at least a portion of my losses.[TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT] was incredibly supportive and trustyworthy. They conducted a thorough investigation into the platform’s operations and quickly uncovered the truth was the exchange was fake and designed to exploit unsuspecting traders like me. [TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT] revealed that the operators had created a façade of legitimacy, complete with fake testimonials and misleading marketing strategies, to lure in victims.With the evidence gathered by [TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT], they took decisive action. They traced my lost funds to the operators’ cold wallets, which are typically used to store cryptocurrencies securely offline. This was a crucial step, as it allowed [TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT] to pinpoint where my stolen funds were held. Through a combination of legal pressure and technical expertise, they managed to negotiate the return of $95,000 to me a significant portion of my initial loss.This has been a stark reminder of the risks associated with trading on unregulated platforms. Thanks to [TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT], I learned the hard way that it’s essential to conduct thorough research before engaging with any trading service. I now recognize the signs of potential fraud, such as unrealistic profit promises and a lack of transparency. The successful recovery of my funds by [TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT]
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06.06.25 18:43
jack67667766
Jasmine Lopez is an expert in retrieving stolen cryptocurrency, including Ethereum and USDT. Her effective methods make her a reliable ally for theft victims. One client, who lost €908,000, sought her assistance, and Jasmine managed to recover the full amount within a day, bringing immense relief to the client. Jasmine is dedicated to helping others in similar situations and is available to offer support. For help with recovering lost funds, you can contact her via email at [email protected] or on WhatsApp at +44 736 644 5035.
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08.06.25 12:49
jack67667766
Jasmine Lopez es una experta en recuperar criptomonedas robadas, como Ethereum y USDT. Ella usa métodos efectivos que la hacen una buena ayuda para quienes han sido víctimas de robo. Un cliente que perdió 908 mil euros acudió a ella, y en un día, Jasmine logró devolverle toda la cantidad. Esto trajo gran alivio al cliente. Ella tiene como objetivo ayudar a otros en situaciones similares y está lista para ofrecer apoyo. Si necesitas ayuda para recuperar fondos perdidos, puedes contactarla por correo electrónico en [email protected] o por WhatsApp al número +44 736 644 5035.
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09.06.25 19:49
garnierroux
CRYPTO RECOVERY COMPANY: CONTACT iBOLT CYBER HACKER RECOVERY COMPANY I was a victim of a cryptocurrency scam and thought I had lost everything. After doing some research, I came across iBOLT CYBER HACKER RECOVERY COMPANY and decided to give them a try. To my surprise, they were extremely professional, responsive, and knowledgeable from the start. Their team worked diligently to trace the stolen funds, and within a short time, they were able to recover a significant portion of my lost crypto. I couldn’t believe it — something I thought was gone forever was returned to me. If you've lost money to a crypto scam, I highly recommend contacting iBOLT CYBER HACKER RECOVERY COMPANY. They truly deliver on what they promise. — Satisfied Client . EMAIL: [email protected]/ . WHTSAPP: +39 351 105 3619 . TELEGRAM: t.me/iboltcyberhackservice . WEBSITE: https://iboltcyberhack.org/
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21.06.25 04:37
jamesgrant
The emergence of cryptocurrencies has revolutionized the financial landscape, yet it has also given rise to significant challenges, particularly concerning security and the potential for loss of assets. In this context, individuals often seek assistance from entities called SCANNER HACKER CRYPTO RECOVERY, which purport to employ sophisticated techniques to reclaim lost Bitcoin (BTC) from compromised wallets or exchanges. However, while the allure of recovering lost assets can be compelling, it is imperative to approach these services with a critical lens. The cryptocurrency ecosystem is rife with scams and fraudulent schemes, ranging from phishing attacks to outright theft; thus, due diligence is paramount. Scholars and practitioners in the field must advocate for more robust security measures, educate stakeholders on the inherent risks of cryptocurrency ownership, and promote best practices in digital asset management to mitigate the likelihood of loss. Furthermore, effective policymaking to regulate these recovery services, hold malicious actors accountable, and protect consumers is essential to fostering a safer environment in the rapidly evolving world of digital currencies. You can communicate with SCANNER HACKER CRYPTO RECOVERY Via Email: [email protected] Web: https://scannerhacktech.com/ Whatsapp: +1 431 801 7493
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23.06.25 15:44
michaeldavenport218
I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance, contact [email protected] Capital Crypto Recover on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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23.06.25 15:44
michaeldavenport218
I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance, contact [email protected] Capital Crypto Recover on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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24.06.25 04:10
Beth Wilson
CONTACT A LEGITIMATE CRYPTOCURRENCY RECOVERY SPECIALISTS // THE HACK ANGELS I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to A Legitimate Bitcoin Recovery Specialists THE HACK ANGELS. I wholeheartedly recommend THE HACK ANGELS to anyone dealing with lost or stolen cryptocurrency. They have deep understanding of blockchain technology, combined with advanced cyber forensic tools, makes them a powerful ally in asset recovery. THE HACK ANGELS is a trusted and reliable solution for individuals seeking to recover lost or inaccessible cryptocurrency assets, if you are experiencing similar troubles and you need help in recovering your money. I strongly advise you to contact them via details below. WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com I am here to give glory to THE HACK ANGELS for assisting me in recovering my lost cryptocurrency.
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24.06.25 04:10
Beth Wilson
CONTACT A LEGITIMATE CRYPTOCURRENCY RECOVERY SPECIALISTS // THE HACK ANGELS I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to A Legitimate Bitcoin Recovery Specialists THE HACK ANGELS. I wholeheartedly recommend THE HACK ANGELS to anyone dealing with lost or stolen cryptocurrency. They have deep understanding of blockchain technology, combined with advanced cyber forensic tools, makes them a powerful ally in asset recovery. THE HACK ANGELS is a trusted and reliable solution for individuals seeking to recover lost or inaccessible cryptocurrency assets, if you are experiencing similar troubles and you need help in recovering your money. I strongly advise you to contact them via details below. WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com I am here to give glory to THE HACK ANGELS for assisting me in recovering my lost cryptocurrency.
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24.06.25 04:10
Beth Wilson
CONTACT A LEGITIMATE CRYPTOCURRENCY RECOVERY SPECIALISTS // THE HACK ANGELS I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to A Legitimate Bitcoin Recovery Specialists THE HACK ANGELS. I wholeheartedly recommend THE HACK ANGELS to anyone dealing with lost or stolen cryptocurrency. They have deep understanding of blockchain technology, combined with advanced cyber forensic tools, makes them a powerful ally in asset recovery. THE HACK ANGELS is a trusted and reliable solution for individuals seeking to recover lost or inaccessible cryptocurrency assets, if you are experiencing similar troubles and you need help in recovering your money. I strongly advise you to contact them via details below. WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com I am here to give glory to THE HACK ANGELS for assisting me in recovering my lost cryptocurrency.
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24.06.25 04:10
Beth Wilson
CONTACT A LEGITIMATE CRYPTOCURRENCY RECOVERY SPECIALISTS // THE HACK ANGELS I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to A Legitimate Bitcoin Recovery Specialists THE HACK ANGELS. I wholeheartedly recommend THE HACK ANGELS to anyone dealing with lost or stolen cryptocurrency. They have deep understanding of blockchain technology, combined with advanced cyber forensic tools, makes them a powerful ally in asset recovery. THE HACK ANGELS is a trusted and reliable solution for individuals seeking to recover lost or inaccessible cryptocurrency assets, if you are experiencing similar troubles and you need help in recovering your money. I strongly advise you to contact them via details below. WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com I am here to give glory to THE HACK ANGELS for assisting me in recovering my lost cryptocurrency.
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24.06.25 04:12
Beth Wilson
CONTACT A LEGITIMATE CRYPTOCURRENCY RECOVERY SPECIALISTS // THE HACK ANGELS I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to A Legitimate Bitcoin Recovery Specialists THE HACK ANGELS. I wholeheartedly recommend THE HACK ANGELS to anyone dealing with lost or stolen cryptocurrency. They have deep understanding of blockchain technology, combined with advanced cyber forensic tools, makes them a powerful ally in asset recovery. THE HACK ANGELS is a trusted and reliable solution for individuals seeking to recover lost or inaccessible cryptocurrency assets, if you are experiencing similar troubles and you need help in recovering your money. I strongly advise you to contact them via details below. WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com I am here to give glory to THE HACK ANGELS for assisting me in recovering my lost cryptocurrency.
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24.06.25 04:14
Beth Wilson
CONTACT A LEGITIMATE CRYPTOCURRENCY RECOVERY SPECIALISTS // THE HACK ANGELS I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to A Legitimate Bitcoin Recovery Specialists THE HACK ANGELS. I wholeheartedly recommend THE HACK ANGELS to anyone dealing with lost or stolen cryptocurrency. They have deep understanding of blockchain technology, combined with advanced cyber forensic tools, makes them a powerful ally in asset recovery. THE HACK ANGELS is a trusted and reliable solution for individuals seeking to recover lost or inaccessible cryptocurrency assets, if you are experiencing similar troubles and you need help in recovering your money. I strongly advise you to contact them via details below. WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com I am here to give glory to THE HACK ANGELS for assisting me in recovering my lost cryptocurrency.
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24.06.25 04:14
Beth Wilson
CONTACT A LEGITIMATE CRYPTOCURRENCY RECOVERY SPECIALISTS // THE HACK ANGELS I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to A Legitimate Bitcoin Recovery Specialists THE HACK ANGELS. I wholeheartedly recommend THE HACK ANGELS to anyone dealing with lost or stolen cryptocurrency. They have deep understanding of blockchain technology, combined with advanced cyber forensic tools, makes them a powerful ally in asset recovery. THE HACK ANGELS is a trusted and reliable solution for individuals seeking to recover lost or inaccessible cryptocurrency assets, if you are experiencing similar troubles and you need help in recovering your money. I strongly advise you to contact them via details below. WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com I am here to give glory to THE HACK ANGELS for assisting me in recovering my lost cryptocurrency.
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24.06.25 04:18
Beth Wilson
CONTACT A LEGITIMATE CRYPTOCURRENCY RECOVERY SPECIALISTS // THE HACK ANGELS I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to A Legitimate Bitcoin Recovery Specialists THE HACK ANGELS. I wholeheartedly recommend THE HACK ANGELS to anyone dealing with lost or stolen cryptocurrency. They have deep understanding of blockchain technology, combined with advanced cyber forensic tools, makes them a powerful ally in asset recovery. THE HACK ANGELS is a trusted and reliable solution for individuals seeking to recover lost or inaccessible cryptocurrency assets, if you are experiencing similar troubles and you need help in recovering your money. I strongly advise you to contact them via details below. WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com I am here to give glory to THE HACK ANGELS for assisting me in recovering my lost cryptocurrency.
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24.06.25 04:23
Beth Wilson
CONTACT A LEGITIMATE CRYPTOCURRENCY RECOVERY SPECIALISTS // THE HACK ANGELS I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to A Legitimate Bitcoin Recovery Specialists THE HACK ANGELS. I wholeheartedly recommend THE HACK ANGELS to anyone dealing with lost or stolen cryptocurrency. They have deep understanding of blockchain technology, combined with advanced cyber forensic tools, makes them a powerful ally in asset recovery. THE HACK ANGELS is a trusted and reliable solution for individuals seeking to recover lost or inaccessible cryptocurrency assets, if you are experiencing similar troubles and you need help in recovering your money. I strongly advise you to contact them via details below. WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com I am here to give glory to THE HACK ANGELS for assisting me in recovering my lost cryptocurrency.
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25.06.25 22:56
rennebrandon
I am forever grateful to the amazing team at Dune Nectar Web Expert. They did what I thought was never possible. They played a crucial role in helping me recover all my lost funds from a fraudulent forex and crypto trading scheme, including the pråofits I thought I'd earned. Looking back, I realize I was a bit of a fool for trusting greedy and deceitful brokers with my hard-earned money. However, I'm overjoyed that I found Dune Nectar Web Expert. They are a team of honest and highly skilled professionals available for hire. Dune Nectar Web Expert helps individuals and organizations recover stolen cryptocurrencies and digital assets. They helped me heal every penny I lost and provided me with the right signals and a reliable platform to trade with. Thanks to Dune Nectar Web Expert, I'm earning more than ever, and I couldn't be happier. That's why I can't stop sharing my positive experience and praising their amazing services and expertise. If you're still struggling with failures in binary options, crypto, or forex trading, or if you're looking to recover your lost USDC, Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other crypto funds, I strongly advise you to reach out to: Telegram>>> ( T.me/dunenectarwebexpert ) Mail>>>> Support (@) Dunenectarwebexpert (.) Com Web>>> https://dunenectarwebexpert.com/
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26.06.25 20:33
paulmargaret
Dear Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech Team, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation for your exceptional service in recovering my scammed funds. After falling victim to a scam and experiencing numerous disappointments, I was amazed by your team's professionalism, expertise, and dedication to helping me retrieve my lost money. Your prompt response and efficient handling of my case were truly impressive. Within 24 hours, you successfully recovered my funds, and I was overjoyed to see the money safely returned to my account. Your team's commitment to helping individuals like me, who have been scammed, is truly commendable. Your work not only restored my financial security but also gave me peace of mind and renewed trust in the digital world. I would like to highly recommend your services to anyone who has been a victim of scams or cybercrime. Your expertise and support can make a significant difference in recovering lost funds and navigating complex digital situations. Thank you again for your outstanding work and dedication. I am grateful for your help and wish you continued success in your endeavors Email : wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number +18737715701 . Sincerely, Kimberly Williams
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27.06.25 00:46
paulmargaret
Dear Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech Team, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation for your exceptional service in recovering my scammed funds. After falling victim to a scam and experiencing numerous disappointments, I was amazed by your team's professionalism, expertise, and dedication to helping me retrieve my lost money. Your prompt response and efficient handling of my case were truly impressive. Within 24 hours, you successfully recovered my funds, and I was overjoyed to see the money safely returned to my account. Your team's commitment to helping individuals like me, who have been scammed, is truly commendable. Your work not only restored my financial security but also gave me peace of mind and renewed trust in the digital world. I would like to highly recommend your services to anyone who has been a victim of scams or cybercrime. Your expertise and support can make a significant difference in recovering lost funds and navigating complex digital situations. Thank you again for your outstanding work and dedication. I am grateful for your help and wish you continued success in your endeavors Email : wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number +18737715701 . Sincerely, Kimberly Williams
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27.06.25 22:31
rennebrandon
I am forever grateful to the amazing team at Dune Nectar Web Expert. They did what I thought was never possible. They played a crucial role in helping me recover all my lost funds from a fraudulent forex and crypto trading scheme, including the pråofits I thought I'd earned. Looking back, I realize I was a bit of a fool for trusting greedy and deceitful brokers with my hard-earned money. However, I'm overjoyed that I found Dune Nectar Web Expert. They are a team of honest and highly skilled professionals available for hire. Dune Nectar Web Expert helps individuals and organizations recover stolen cryptocurrencies and digital assets. They helped me heal every penny I lost and provided me with the right signals and a reliable platform to trade with. Thanks to Dune Nectar Web Expert, I'm earning more than ever, and I couldn't be happier. That's why I can't stop sharing my positive experience and praising their amazing services and expertise. If you're still struggling with failures in binary options, crypto, or forex trading, or if you're looking to recover your lost USDC, Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other crypto funds, I strongly advise you to reach out to: Telegram>>> ( T.me/dunenectarwebexpert ) Mail>>>> Support (@) Dunenectarwebexpert (.) Com Web>>> https://dunenectarwebexpert.com/
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28.06.25 00:46
patricialovick86
How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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28.06.25 00:46
patricialovick86
How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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29.06.25 07:39
paulmargaret
Dear Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech Team, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation for your exceptional service in recovering my scammed funds. After falling victim to a scam and experiencing numerous disappointments, I was amazed by your team's professionalism, expertise, and dedication to helping me retrieve my lost money. Your prompt response and efficient handling of my case were truly impressive. Within 24 hours, you successfully recovered my funds, and I was overjoyed to see the money safely returned to my account. Your team's commitment to helping individuals like me, who have been scammed, is truly commendable. Your work not only restored my financial security but also gave me peace of mind and renewed trust in the digital world. I would like to highly recommend your services to anyone who has been a victim of scams or cybercrime. Your expertise and support can make a significant difference in recovering lost funds and navigating complex digital situations. Thank you again for your outstanding work and dedication. I am grateful for your help and wish you continued success in your endeavors Email : wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number +18737715701 . Sincerely, Kimberly Williams
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29.06.25 11:52
wendytaylor015
My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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30.06.25 15:06
wendytaylor015
My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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