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Химический IT кентавр – хемоинформатика

В 21 веке мы сталкиваемся с бурным развитием мультидисциплинарных наук, где информационные технологии играют ключевую роль. Одной из привлекающих внимание областей, где эти технологии активно применяются, является хемоинформатика (от анг. chemoinformatics). Определение, данное И.Гастайгером, звучит так, хемоинформатика — это применение методов информатики для решения химических задач [1].

Зачем нужна хемоинформатика?

В настоящее время по данным одной из наиболее крупных химических баз данных PubChem человечеству известно более 100 миллионов органических молекул [2]. Казалось бы очень большое число, однако размер всего химического пространства оценивается в ошеломляющие 10^180 веществ, которые потенциально могут быть синтезированы [3]. Это на сотню порядков больше числа атомов во вселенной. Иметь методы навигации в известных и неизвестных областях химического пространства критически важно, т.к. среди непознанных 10^180 веществ наверняка существует множество полезных соединений — это новые лекарства, красители, агрохимикаты, ароматы для парфюмерии, материалы для электроники и другие важные для людей материалы.

Масштаб даже известной нам части химического пространства требует использования методов анализа больших данных. Это послужило одной из причин возникновения дисциплины на стыке химии и IT - хемоинформатики. Но чем именно занимается хемоинформатика в прикладном смысле? Основные направления приведены на схеме ниже.

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1. Предсказание свойств

Существует множество свойств, которые успешно прогнозируются с помощью методов машинного обучения и/или компьютерного моделирования. К ним относятся различные физико-химические параметры (растворимость, липофильность), биологическая активность, реакционная способность и многие другие [4,5,6,7]. В этой статье мы рассмотрим предсказание токсичности ввиду важности этого параметра. Ежегодно синтезируется порядка нескольких миллионов новых веществ, при этом профиль безопасности устанавливается лишь для около 10 тыс. Это значит, что за 1 год мы устанавливаем токсичность соединений, синтезированных всего за 1 день.

Налицо серьезное отставание скорости экспериментальной проверки токсичности новых молекул от скорости их синтеза. Но даже если весь научно-технический потенциал человечества был бы направлен на токсикологическое профилирование для всех новых веществ - смогли бы мы это сделать? Разберем пример. Для регистрации пестицида в США требуется провести порядка 80 тестов на определение токсичности, их суммарная стоимость оценивается более чем в 20 миллионов долларов [8]. Токсичность очень многогранное понятие, которое требует десятков экспериментов. Стоимость некоторых из них в соответствии с данными U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):

  • Острая токсичность (рыбы) 17.000$

  • Хроническая токсичность (дафнии) 180.000$

  • Канцерогенность (крысы и мыши) 2.100.000$.

В соответствии с приведенными выше данными тотальное экспериментальное определение токсичности для всех новых соединений видится, действительно, мало реалистичным с точки зрения колоссальных затрат ресурсов на эту задачу.

Кроме того, токсичность в большинстве случаев оценивается на лабораторных животных, масштаб использования которых сейчас во всем мире достигает почти 200 миллионов в год [9]. Существует даже серия мультфильмов, посвященная их защите. Особую известность получил кролик Ральф. Этически предпочтительно избегать тестов на животных, что закреплено, например, в регламенте Евросоюза REACH [10].

Современные подходы позволяют создать альтернативные решения, которые на порядки снижают стоимость профилирования, а также не вызывают этических вопросов связанных с проведением опытов на животных — это предсказание токсичности in silico, то есть за счет применения вычислительных технологий. Разумеется, есть определенная ошибка в предсказательном моделировании, однако по меньшей мере это способствует приоритезации исследований и минимизации расхода животных. Более того – использование этих методов снижает риски для добровольцев, участвующих в клинических испытаниях.

Уже существует ряд цифровых инструментов, позволяющих предсказать токсичность веществ. Среди них ряд методов, разработанных российскими учеными [11, 12]. С помощью основанной на этих методах цифровой платформе Синтелли можно прогнозировать более 40 параметров токсичности [13].

2. Дизайн веществ и материалов

Существуют инструменты, позволяющие сгенерировать молекулу с заданными свойствами. Этому находится много применений, однако в данной статье мы сосредоточимся на лекарствах. Разработка препарата — это сложный процесс, длительность которого составляет в среднем 10–15 лет, а стоимость может достигать 3-х миллиардов $ [14], однако применение методов хемоинформатики способно ощутимо сократить как временные, так и материальные расходы (рис. 1). R&D департаменты крупных фармацевтических компаний уже не могут существовать без таких специалистов, как хемоинформатик, вычислительный и цифровой химик. Дело в том, что хемоинформатика значительно оптимизирует решение основных задач фармы: поиск активных молекул, определение токсичности, растворимости в воде, проницаемости через клеточную мембрану, метаболизма, взаимодействия с белками плазмы крови и др. Дизайн лекарств с помощью компьютерных технологий (Computer-aided drug design) развивается внушительными темпами и особенно впечатляющими являются следующие 2 примера:

§ Компания Insilico Medicine в 2023 года заявила об успешном прохождении доклинических исследований молекулы INS018-055 для лечения идиопатического легочного фиброза. Интересно, что с помощью ИИ не только была сгенерирована активная молекула, но и идентифицирована мишень для лечения. К текущему моменту молекула успешно преодолела I фазу клинических исследований, тем самым подтвердив безопасность применения [15]. Продолжается II фаза клинических исследований.

§ В 2020 году британская фармацевтическая компания Exscienta заявила об успешном окончании доклинических исследований молекулы DSP-1181 для лечения обсессивно-компульсивного расстройства (ОКР) [16].

«Этот год был первым, когда было разработано лекарство с помощью искусственного интеллекта, но к концу десятилетия все новые препараты могут быть созданы с помощью алгоритмов» - Эндрю Хопкинс, генеральный директор Exscienta.

Рисунок 1. Стратегии разработки лекарственного препарата.
Рисунок 1. Стратегии разработки лекарственного препарата.

Еще одной привлекающей внимание программой является PASS, разработанная отечественными учеными и позволяющая прогнозировать целый ряд параметров, характеризующих биологическую активность соединений [17, 18]. Также стоит отметить метод USPEX, который позволяет предсказывать кристаллическую структуру веществ при различных температурах и давлениях, исходя из знания только химического состава материала [19].

3. Идентификация веществ

Данная область связана с обработкой результатов исследования веществ и их смесей физико-химическими методами анализа. Строго говоря, она называется хемометрика и считается производным хемоинформатики. Для наглядности разберем пример (рис. 2). Вы хотите определить есть ли пестициды в почве на дачном участке. Вы собираете почву и отдаете ее в лабораторию, где с ней проводят специальную пробоподготовку и анализируют на приборе (ВЭЖХ-МС). Сначала с помощью хроматографа (ВЭЖХ) смесь веществ разделяется так, что вещества попадают последовательно в следующий блок прибора - масс-спектрометрический детектор. Последний выдает некую информацию о каждом веществе из пробы (масс-спектры). На этом этапе еще нельзя сделать заключение о том, что содержится в почве. Масс-спектры, выданные прибором, нужно проанализировать. В некоторых случаях, для этого достаточно квалифицированного специалиста, однако более эффективным является подход, когда компьютер автономно сравнивает масс-спектры для каждого вещества из вашей пробы с аннотированными масс-спектрами из базы данных (которые, к слову, требует курирования данных хемоинформатиками). Если они совпадают, то вещество идентифицировано.

Рисунок 2. Алгоритм идентификации малых молекул
Рисунок 2. Алгоритм идентификации малых молекул

Но есть 1 проблема. Базы данных (БД) не всеобъемлющи. Так, одна из самых крупных БД NIST содержит масс-спектры для 350.000 веществ, что составляет 0.2% от числа известных нам молекул (~10^8) [20]. Как следствие, мы наблюдаем поразительную неосведомленность об окружающем нас мире:

v При анализе бытовой пыли были идентифицированы 33 вещества из 5.000 [21]

v При анализе сточных вод - 1.2% веществ [22]

Фактически, мы до сих пор толком не знаем, что нас окружает. Однако у человечества есть надежда приблизиться к решению этой задачи. Разработан ряд хемоинформатических инструментов, способствующих идентификации структуры вещества, исходя из масс-спектра [23, 24, 25]. Безусловно, стоит оговориться, что это лишь прогноз и в ряде случаев определить структуру по одному лишь масс-спектру невозможно априори, но тем не менее это полезный инструмент в отсутствие альтернатив. Также существует и обратный подход, который предполагает предсказание масс-спектров и, как следствие, расширение баз данных для сопоставления с анализируемыми образцами. Данную задачу можно решить с помощью методов разработанных российскими учеными, которые позволяют прогнозировать и другие не менее важные для идентификации веществ спектральные данные (ЯМР, ИК) [13].

Есть и другой важный для нас пример — лекарства. Как понять соответствует ли фактический состав препарата заявленному? На практике для решения этой задачи широко применяется метод ИК-спектроскопии. Для экспресс-анализа были разработаны специальные портативные версии ИК-спектрометра весом до 2 кг [26]. Лекарство можно анализировать непосредственно в блистере (недеструктивно), время анализа составляет 5-10 секунд. Но, как и в ранее описанной масс-спектрометрии, полученные ИК-спектры нужно анализировать и здесь приходит на помощь хемометрика. В результате, такая гибридная технология позволяет быстро и эффективно осуществлять контроль качества препаратов на производстве, а также мониторинг фальсифицированных и недоброкачественных лекарственных средств, находящихся в обращении.

В заключение, хемоинформатика возникла как ответ на необходимость эффективного анализа огромного объема химических данных, который стал невозможен с использованием исключительно экспериментальных методов из-за их продолжительности, трудоемкости и дороговизны. Несмотря на споры о точности методов in silico, достижения хемоинформатики, особенно в области разработки лекарств, неоспоримы. Ожидается, что в ближайшее время мы увидим множество прорывов в молекулярных науках благодаря применению методов предсказательного моделирования.

Литература

1. Gasteiger, J. (2016). Chemoinformatics: Achievements and challenges, a personal view. Molecules, 21(2), 151.

2. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ (доступ от 14.06.2024)

3. Restrepo, G. (2022). Chemical space: limits, evolution and modelling of an object bigger than our universal library. Digital Discovery, 1(5), 568-585.

4. Osipenko, S., Bashkirova, I., Sosnin, S., Kovaleva, O., Fedorov, M., Nikolaev, E., Kostyukevich, Y. (2020). Machine learning to predict retention time of small molecules in nano-HPLC. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 412, 7767-7776.

5. Karlov, D. S., Sosnin, S., Fedorov, M. V., Popov, P. (2020). graphDelta: MPNN scoring function for the affinity prediction of protein–ligand complexes. ACS omega, 5(10), 5150-5159.

6. Dmitriev, A. V., Rudik, A. V., Karasev, D. A., Pogodin, P. V., Lagunin, A. A., Filimonov, D. A., Poroikov, V. V. (2021). In silico prediction of drug–drug interactions mediated by cytochrome P450 isoforms. Pharmaceutics, 13(4), 538.

7. Sosnina, E. A., Sosnin, S., Fedorov, M. V. (2023). Improvement of multi-task learning by data enrichment: application for drug discovery. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, 37(4), 183-200.

8. https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/cost-estimates-studies-required-pesticide-registration (доступ от 14.06.2024)

9. Taylor, K., Alvarez, L. R. (2019). An estimate of the number of animals used for scientific purposes worldwide in 2015. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 47(5-6), 196-213.

10. Lilienblum, W., Dekant, W., Foth, H., Gebel, T., Hengstler, J. G., Kahl, R.,et al. (2008). Alternative methods to safety studies in experimental animals: role in the risk assessment of chemicals under the new European Chemicals Legislation (REACH). Archives of toxicology, 82, 211-236.

11. Sosnin, S., Karlov, D., Tetko, I. V., Fedorov, M. (2018). Comparative study of multitask toxicity modeling on a broad chemical space. Journal of chemical information and modeling, 59(3), 1062-1072.

12. Sosnin, S., Misin, M., Fedorov, M. (2017). Predicting bioaccumulation using molecular theory: A machine learning approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.08174.

13. https://syntelly.ru/ (доступ от 14.06.2024)

14. Wouters, O. J., McKee, M., Luyten, J. (2020). Estimated research and development investment needed to bring a new medicine to market. 2009-2018. Jama, 323(9), 844-853.

15. https://insilico.com/blog/first_phase2 (доступ от 14.06.2024)

16. https://www.frontierip.co.uk/portfolio-companies/exscientia-worlds-first-trials-of-new-drug-candidate-created-by-artificial-intelligence (доступ от 14.06.2024)

17. Filimonov, D. A., Lagunin, A. A., Gloriozova, T. A., Rudik, A. V., Druzhilovskii, D. S., Pogodin, P. V., Poroikov, V. V. (2014). Prediction of the biological activity spectra of organic compounds using the PASS online web resource. Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, 50, 444-457.

18. Rudik, A. V., Dmitriev, A. V., Lagunin, A. A., Filimonov, D. A., Poroikov, V. V. (2019). PASS-based prediction of metabolites detection in biological systems. SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research, 30(10), 751-758.

19. https://uspex-team.org/ru (доступ от 14.06.2024)

20. https://chemdata.nist.gov/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=chemdata:start (доступ от 14.06.2024)

21. Rager, J. E., Strynar, M. J., Liang, S., McMahen, R. L., Richard, A. M., Grulke, C. M., Sobus, J. R. (2016). Linking high resolution mass spectrometry data with exposure and toxicity forecasts to advance high-throughput environmental monitoring. Environment international, 88, 269-280.

22. Schymanski, E. L., Singer, H. P., Longrée, P., Loos, M., Ruff, M., Stravs, M. A., et al. (2014). Strategies to characterize polar organic contamination in wastewater: exploring the capability of high resolution mass spectrometry. Environmental science & technology, 48(3), 1811-1818.

23. Kangas, L. J., Metz, T. O., Isaac, G., Schrom, B. T., Ginovska-Pangovska, B., Wang, L., Miller, J. H. (2012). In silico identification software (ISIS): a machine learning approach to tandem mass spectral identification of lipids. Bioinformatics, 28(13), 1705-1713.

24. Krettler C. A., Thallinger, G. G. (2021). A map of mass spectrometry-based in silico fragmentation prediction and compound identification in metabolomics. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 22(6), bbab073.

25. Kostyukevich, Y., Sosnin, S., Osipenko, S., Kovaleva, O., Rumiantseva, L., Kireev, A., Zherebker, A., Fedorov, M., Nikolaev, E. N. (2022). PyFragMS─ A Web Tool for the Investigation of the Collision-Induced Fragmentation Pathways. ACS omega, 7(11), 9710-9719.

26. Балыклова, К. С., Родионова, О. Е., Титова, А. В., Садчикова, Н. П. (2015). Исследование таблеток с помощью портативного и лабораторного БИК-спектрометра. Вестник росздравнадзора, (4), 65-71.

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  • 09.10.25 11:05 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 09.10.25 11:05 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 09.10.25 11:05 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 09.10.25 11:05 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 11.10.25 04:41 luciajessy3

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  • 11.10.25 10:44 Tonerdomark

    A thief took my Dogecoin and wrecked my life. Then Mr. Sylvester stepped in and changed everything. He got back €211,000 for me, every single cent of my gains. His calm confidence and strong tech skills rebuilt my trust. Thanks to him, I recovered my cash with no issues. After months of stress, I felt huge relief. I had full faith in him. If a scam stole your money, reach out to him today at { yt7cracker@gmail . com } His help sparked my full turnaround.

  • 12.10.25 01:12 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 12.10.25 01:12 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 12.10.25 19:53 Tonerdomark

    A crook swiped my Dogecoin. It ruined my whole world. Then Mr. Sylvester showed up. He fixed it all. He pulled back €211,000 for me. Not one cent missing from my profits. His steady cool and sharp tech know-how won back my trust. I got my money smooth and sound. After endless worry, relief hit me hard. I trusted him completely. Lost cash to a scam? Hit him up now at { yt7cracker@gmail . com }. His aid turned my life around. WhatsApp at +1 512 577 7957.

  • 12.10.25 21:36 blessing

    Writing this review is a joy. Marie has provided excellent service ever since I started working with her in early 2018. I was worried I wouldn't be able to get my coins back after they were stolen by hackers. I had no idea where to begin, therefore it was a nightmare for me. However, things became easier for me after my friend sent me to [email protected] and +1 7127594675 on WhatsApp. I'm happy that she was able to retrieve my bitcoin so that I could resume trading.

  • 13.10.25 01:11 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 13.10.25 01:11 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 14.10.25 01:15 tyleradams

    Hi. Please be wise, do not make the same mistake I had made in the past, I was a victim of bitcoin scam, I saw a glamorous review showering praises and marketing an investment firm, I reached out to them on what their contracts are, and I invested $28,000, which I was promised to get my first 15% profit in weeks, when it’s time to get my profits, I got to know the company was bogus, they kept asking me to invest more and I ran out of patience then requested to have my money back, they refused to answer nor refund my funds, not until a friend of mine introduced me to the NVIDIA TECH HACKERS, so I reached out and after tabling my complaints, they were swift to action and within 36 hours I got back my funds with the due profit. I couldn’t contain the joy in me. I urge you guys to reach out to NVIDIA TECH HACKERS on their email: [email protected]

  • 14.10.25 08:46 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 14.10.25 08:46 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 14.10.25 08:46 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 15.10.25 18:07 crypto

    Cryptocurrency's digital realm presents many opportunities, but it also conceals complex frauds. It is quite painful to lose your cryptocurrency to scam. You can feel harassed and lost as a result. If you have been the victim of a cryptocurrency scam, this guide explains what to do ASAP. Following these procedures will help you avoid further issues or get your money back. Communication with Marie ([email protected] and WhatsApp: +1 7127594675) can make all the difference.

  • 15.10.25 21:52 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 15.10.25 21:52 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

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