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Н Новости

Использование ChatGPT o3-mini и DeepSeek при создании iOS приложения Countries “Страны Мира”

Что делает “животворящая” конкуренция?

Появление “думающей” DeepSeek, позволило бесплатным подписчикам ChatGPT получить доступ к “рассуждающей” ChatGPT o3-mini.

Сразу же появилось желание испытать этот ИИ, тем более что у меня уже есть “Опыт создания iOS приложения Countries с помощью Claude 3.5 Sonnet, ChatGPT 4.o1, ChatGPT 4.o-preview и Gemini 2.0 Flash”.

В приведенном выше посте я предложила всем ИИ создать довольно простое на первый взгляд тестовое iOS приложение Countries, которое показывает все страны Мира по регионам (Европа, Азия, Латинская Америка и т.д.) и для каждой страны её название и флаг, a также численность населения population, размер ВВП (валового внутреннего продукта) gdp и расположение страны на карте Мира.

Использовались данные Всемирного банка (World Bank), но мы не сообщали ИИ ни сайты, ни структуры данных, всё это ИИ должен найти сам и использовать их при создании iOS приложения.

Раньше я отдавала предпочтение Clause 3.5 Sonnet при создании iOS приложений, прибегая к ChatGPT 4.o1 для решения отдельных проблем.

Но при разработке этого конкретного iOS приложения Clause 3.5 Sonnet оказался совершенно беспомощным при декодировании нестандартных JSON данных API Всемирного Банка, поставляющих информацию о странах, и пришлось обратиться за помощью к ChatGPT 4.o1, Gemini 2.0 Flash и ChatGPT 4.o-preview.

Они решили эту проблему по-разному:

  • ChatGPT 4.o1 - с первого захода,

  • Gemini 1.5 Flash, также, как и Clause 3.5 Sonnet, не справилась с этой задачей,

  • Gemini 2.0 Flash - со второго захода,

  • ChatGPT 4.o-preview сразу предложил блестящее оригинальное решение.

Кроме того, все 3 ИИ: ChatGPT 4.o1, Gemini 2.0 Flash и ChatGPT 4.o-preview предлагали для многопоточной выборки данных из сети старый CGD (Central Grand Dispatch), так что приходилось дополнительно рефакторить код до современного async / await.

Так что опыт создания такого тестового iOS приложения с помощью Clause 3.5 Sonnet + ChatGPT 4.o1 у меня уже был.

Но появление “рассуждающих” DeepSeek и ChatGPT o3-mini (даже в бесплатном варианте) изменили всё. Они реально выводят разработку iOS приложений на более высокий уровень.

Вот решение, которое предложил ChatGPT o3-mini:

22d80c1744cff75a35cfd2ef4e357048.gif

A вот что предложил DeepSeek:

7f28bc0bcc3267f950bdf1d9a4585be2.gif

Забегая вперед скажу, что это тестовое приложение интересно тем, что API Всемирного банка предоставляет “странную” нестандартную структуру JSON данных на верхнем уровне, a также есть логические ошибки несоответствия при проектировании этого API, когда одинаковые параметры в JSON данных имею различные ТИПЫ, что может затруднить их декодирование. Было интересно посмотреть, как ИИ справится с этой “человеческой” нелогичностью.

Кроме того, в современном Swift сейчас действуют 3 способа работы с многопоточной выборкой данных:

  1. Старый GCD (Grand Central Dispatch) c callbacks

  2. Новый async / await

  3. Продвинутый Swift 6 strict concurrency, который предотвращает “гонку данных” (data races) на этапе компиляции за счет использования акторов actor и изоляции isolation.

Будет интересно понять, какой из них выберет ИИ и сможет ли перейти на самый продвинутый.

Появление задания по отображению страны Мира на карте также было предложено не случайно. Разработка приложения велась для iOS 17, a на WWDC 2023 был представлен новый MapKit APIs для SwiftUI Map. С появлением новых API интеграция карт Map в приложение SwiftUI стала еще проще в iOS 17. Недостатком является то, что вам, возможно, придется переписать некоторые части интеграции карт в существующем приложении SwiftUI. Будет интересно, смогут ли наши ИИ внедрить в приложение Countries совершенно новый Map API для iOS 17.

Примечание. Если хотите больше знать о Swift 6 strict concurrency прочтите статью Concurrency Step-by-Step: A Network Request или её перевод на русский язык “Многопоточность по шагам: Сетевой запрос”.

По итогам ChatGPT o3-mini:

  1. Без каких либо проблем справился с декодированием JSON данных, удивив некоторыми изобретательными решениями.

  2. Использовал современную async / await систему работы с многопоточностью

  3. Предложил несколько вариантов перехода на Swift 6 strict concurrency с помощью @MainActor и маркировки функций выборки как nonisolated или использования Task.detached.

  4. Сначала предложил для карты старый API с Map (coordinateRegion: $region, annotationItems: [country]) и MapMaker, но после получения соответствующих предупреждений перешел на новый API c Map (position: $position) и Maker.

  5. Использовал CLGeocoder() для получения более точных географических координат столицы страны и Task.detached для запуска в фоновом режиме.

  6. Рассуждения краткие, по делу и длятся от 1 до 25 секунд, среднее время 8 секунд.

  7. Могу рекомендовать в качестве превосходного обучающего материала для iOS разработчиков.

По итогам DeepSeek:

  1. Без каких либо проблем справился с декодированием JSON данных, но застрял при установлении соответствия страны country и дополнительной информации о численности населения population и ВВП gdp, что объясняется “логическими ошибками” проектирования API Всемирного Банка

  2. Использовал современную async / await систему работы с многопоточностью

  3. Предложил для Swift 6 strict concurrency использовать @MainActor для View Model, a после замечаний добавил маркировку функций выборки fetch как nonisolated.

  4. Сначала предложил старый Map API с Map (coordinateRegion: $region, annotationItems: [country]) и MapMaker, но после получения соответствующих предупреждений довольно успешно перешел на новый API c Map (position: $position) и Maker.

  5. Использовал CLGeocoder() для получения более точных географических координат столицы страны и Task.detached для запуска в фоновом режиме.

  6. Плохо держит контекст: иногда для отработанных уже кусков кода предлагает код с предыдущими ошибками, так что результирующий код приложения на каждом этапе приходится собирать по кусочкам.

  7. Рассуждения очень пространные и длинные, но очень "живые" и любопытные, иногда правда сомнительные. Рассуждения длятся от 184 до 18 секунд, среднее время 50 секунд. A кроме того, последнее время часто можно видеть сообщение “Сервер занят. Пожалуйста, попробуйте позже.”:

f44dbb2fbe04d4e9f9eebefc44e1deda.png

Начинающим iOS программистам рекомендую использовать с крайней осторожностью в качестве обучающего материала - слишком много неоднозначных рассуждений относительно архитектуры iOS приложений.

Хотя по функциональным возможностям полученные ChatGPT o3-mini и DeepSeek iOS приложения приблизительно равны, код их абсолютно разный. Оба ИИ способны удивить не тривиальным изобретательным кодом. Качество кода можно оценить на Github CountryChatGPTo3 и CoutryDeepSeek.

Но использование DeepSeek потребовало больше времени и усилий программиста, работа ChatGPT o3-mini при меньших усилиях просто филигранна.

Так что приоритетным ИИ при разработке iOS приложений для меня на настоящий момент будет ChatGPT o3-mini.

Создание iOS приложения Countries для отображения стран Мира с помощью ChatGPT 03-mini

Итак, давайте попросим ChatGPT 03-mini создать полноценного iOS приложения Countries для отображения стран Мира по категориям с использованием SwiftUI и данных Всемирного Банка. При этом мы не будем сообщать ни сайты, ни структуры данных, всё это ИИ должен найти сам и использовать при создании приложения.

Создай iOS приложение, которое показывает страны Мира по категориям. Используй информацию Всемирного Банка.

Мы использовали режим “Reason”, который обещает применять логические выводы для получения результата, и “Search”, который позволит ИИ искать ответы в интернете:

fc090d3b955538d00a15592b24688a59.png

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 1 секунду:

204fdcf989cb9b74219dd89c2c1612bf.pngИ вот их перевод

Создание приложения

Я думаю о создании SwiftUI iOS приложения для демонстрации стран Мира по категориям, используя API Всемирного банка для таких данных, как название страны, регион и уровень дохода.

Формулирование структуры

Я пишу код SwiftUI приложения с моделью Country: Codable и ViewModel, использующей async/await для выборки списков стран из API Всемирного банка, классифицируя их по уровню дохода или региону.

Собираем всё вместе

Я работаю над декодированием второго элемента JSON, в котором перечислены страны countries с такими полями, как id, iso2Code, region, incomeLevel, capitalCity, longitude и latitude. Это включает определение структуры struct Country: Codable.

Преобразование данных

Я собираю по кусочкам структуру struct Country: Codable с такими полями, как id, iso2Code, name, region, incomeLevel, capitalCity, longitude и latitude. Также рассматриваю модель API ответа Response для декодирования JSON.

Создание моделей ответов Response

Я разрабатываю собственный декодер decoder для обработки массива JSON API Всемирного банка, сосредоточившись на втором элементе, содержащем данные о странах, и включив метаданные для управления страницами.

Компиляция данных о стране

Я собираю View Model в SwiftUI для выборки данных из API Всемирного банка, группирую страны по уровню дохода и готовлю View для их представления в категоризированных разделах.

Запуск приложения

Я создаю Swift приложение для отображения стран Мира по уровню дохода, используя разделы Section и категории, при этом предоставляя в распоряжение пользователя DetailView для более полной информации о стране.

Ниже приведен пример того, как можно создать приложение SwiftUI iOS, которое выбирает список стран Мира из API Всемирного банка, а затем отображает их, организованных по «категории» (в этом примере мы группируем их по уровню дохода incomeLevel).

URL для выборки стран Мира - это country endpoint API Всемирного банка (по адресу https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country?format=json), который возвращает двухэлементный разнородный массив JSON:

  • Первый элемент — это метаданные (например, количество страниц), а

  • Второй элемент — массив записей о странах.

    Мы можем создать пользовательский декодер decoder для «декодирования» этого массива верхнего уровня.

Ниже приведен полный код примера со следующими частями:

1. Модели данных (Data Model)

Создайте модель для страны. API возвращает такие поля, как id, name, region, incomeLevel и т. д. Мы также создаем вспомогательную модель для декодирования «странного» JSON массива верхнего уровня:

код Data Model
import Foundation

// MARK: - Models

// This struct is used to decode the top-level array.
// We ignore the first element (metadata) and then decode the second element as an array of Country.
struct CountryResponse: Codable {
    let countries: [Country]
    
    // Custom initializer to decode the top-level array.
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
        // Decode (and ignore) the metadata.
        _ = try container.decode(Meta.self)
        // Now decode the countries array.
        countries = try container.decode([Country].self)
    }
}

// Metadata about the response (we don't use it in this sample).
struct Meta: Codable {
    let page: Int
    let pages: Int
    let per_page: String
    let total: Int
}

// The Country model - note that we use the "id" field from the API as the unique identifier.
struct Country: Codable, Identifiable {
    // The API's "id" is the country code.
    let id: String
    let iso2Code: String
    let name: String
    let region: Category
    let incomeLevel: Category
    let lendingType: Category
    let capitalCity: String
    let longitude: String
    let latitude: String
}

// A helper type for nested category fields (like region, incomeLevel, etc.)
struct Category: Codable {
    let id: String
    let value: String
}

2. View Model

View Model отвечает за выборку данных из API Всемирного банка, а затем за группировку стран по (в данном случае) уровню дохода incomeLevel. Вы можете выбрать любую понравившуюся вам категоризацию (например, по региону region).

код View Miodel
import Foundation
import SwiftUI

class CountriesViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var countries: [Country] = []
    // Group countries by income level (or any category)
    @Published var groupedCountries: [String: [Country]] = [:]
    
    // Using async/await (requires iOS 15+)
    @MainActor
    func fetchCountries() async {
        // Request more than the default per_page (here 300) to get most of the countries.
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country?format=json&per_page=300") else {
            print("Invalid URL")
            return
        }
        
        do {
            let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
            let response = try JSONDecoder().decode(CountryResponse.self, from: data)
            countries = response.countries
            // Group by income level (for example, "High income", "Low income", etc.)
            groupedCountries = Dictionary(grouping: countries, by: { $0.incomeLevel.value })
        } catch {
            print("Error fetching countries: \(error)")
        }
    }
}

3. SwiftUI Views

Основной ContentView: список List, отображающий разделы Section (уровни дохода incomeLevel) с названиями стран. Нажатие на страну открывает подробный CountryDetailView.

код Views
import SwiftUI

struct ContentView: View {
    @StateObject var viewModel = CountriesViewModel()
    
    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
          List {
              // Sort the keys (income levels) alphabetically
              ForEach(viewModel.groupedCountries.keys.sorted(), id: \.self) { incomeLevel in
                 Section(header: Text(incomeLevel)) {
                     if let countries = viewModel.groupedCountries[incomeLevel] {
                       ForEach(countries) { country in
                          NavigationLink(destination: CountryDetailView(country: country)) {
                                    Text(country.name)
                          }
                       }
                     }
                 }
              }
          }
          .navigationTitle("World Countries")
          // Use the .task modifier to call our async fetch function on appear.
          .task {
              await viewModel.fetchCountries()
          }
        }
    }
}

Подробный CountryDetailView показывает дополнительную информацию о выбранной стране.

struct CountryDetailView: View {
    let country: Country
    
    var body: some View {
        Form {
            Section(header: Text("General")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Capital:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.capitalCity)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Region:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.region.value)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Income Level:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.incomeLevel.value)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("ISO Code:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.iso2Code)
                }
            }
            
            Section(header: Text("Location")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Latitude:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.latitude)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Longitude:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.longitude)
                }
            }
        }
        .navigationTitle(country.name)
    }
}

Собираем все вместе

В главном файле вашего проекта Xcode (обычно помеченном @main) вы можете установить ContentView в качестве стартовой точки:

@main
struct WorldBankCountriesApp: App {
    var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup {
            ContentView()
        }
    }
}

Примечание: в этом примере используется синтаксис iOS 15+ async/await. Если вам нужна поддержка более ранних версий, вы можете использовать Combine или URLSession callbacks..

(См. также руководство Hacking with Swift по посылке и получению Codable данных с помощью URLSession для похожего шаблона. HACKINGWITHSWIFT.COM)

Объяснение

  1. Выборка и декодирование данных:

View Model выбирает данные из API endpoint Всемирного банка. Поскольку ответ response JSON представляет собой массив (сначала метаданные, затем фактический массив стран), для декодирования стран используется пользовательский init(from decoder: Decoder) в структуре CountryResponse.

(Подробнее о структурах, полученных в результате выборки см. в документации API Всемирного банка DATAHELPDESK.WORLDBANK.ORG.)

  1. Группировка и отображение данных:

После выборки страны countries группируются по уровню дохода incomeLevel с помощью Swift метода Dictionary(grouping:by:). В View каждая группа отображается как отдельный раздел Section. Это дает категориальное представление стран мира. (Для аналогичного подхода к группировке и отображению данных API в SwiftUI см. примеры выборки данных SwiftUI DEV.TO.)

  1. Async/Await:

Использование async/await обеспечивает отзывчивость UI во время выполнения сетевого запроса.

Этот пример дает отправную точку. Вы можете изменить логику группировки (например, по региону region или уровню дохода incomeLevel) или добавить больше деталей в CountryDetailView по мере необходимости.

Ссылки

HACKINGWITHSWIFT.COM – Статья на Hacking with Swift “Sending/receiving Codable data with URLSession and SwiftUI”) (“Посылка /получение Codable данных с помощью URLSession и SwiftUI”)

DATAHELPDESK.WORLDBANK.ORG – Базовые структуры вызовов API Всемирного банка

Этот пример должен помочь вам начать создавать iOS SwiftUI приложение, которое отображает страны Мира, организованные по категориям, с использованием данных API Всемирного банка. Удачного кодирования!

Версия 1. Запускаем приложение. Получаем результат:

5f25d90f646805abb6ea84820b5654ea.png

В списке стран мы получили НЕ только реальные страны Мира, но и агрегаты AGGREGATES, что для нас не желательно. Кроме того, мы хотим заносить страны в ту или иную категорию НЕ по уровню дохода incomeLevel, a по географическим регионам region.

Что касается кода, то ChatGPT o3-mini справился прекрасно. Несмотря на “странную” нестандартную структуру JSON данных на верхнем уровне, представляющую собой массив из 2-х разнородных элементов, ChatGPT o3-mini, используя пользовательский init (from decoder: Decoder) в структуре CountryResponse, получил правильные данные о странах countries. Выборка данных из сети выполнена с помощью современной async / await системы работы с многопоточностью.

Показ реальных стран (НЕ агрегатов) и группировка по регионам region

Давайте попросим ChatGPT o3-mini показать нам только реальные страны и сгруппировать их по регионам.

13b52eded3fb7c526e66e74e5a52116b.png

Покажи только реальные страны в списке стран и сгруппируйте их по регионам region

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 19 секунд:

4d5e0cd43a9c0767ae15a8f42b4e9884.pngИ вот их перевод:

Уточнение списка

Я размышляю над тем, что представляет собой «реальная страна», фильтруя агрегированные сущности, такие как «Арабский мир» ("Arab World") или «Европа и Центральная Азия» ("Europe & Central Asia" ) из API Всемирного банка, сосредоточившись исключительно на суверенных государствах.

Определение агрегатов

Я изучаю структуру JSON API Всемирного банка, чтобы определить поля, которые различают агрегированные сущности. Например, регионы, такие как «NA» или «Aggregates», вероятно, указывают на несуверенные сущности, которые можно отфильтровать, чтобы сосредоточиться на реальных суверенных государствах.

Определение агрегатов

Хорошо, дайте подумать. Агрегаты в API Всемирного банка обычно имеют значение region «Aggregates». Фильтрация их и сущностей с «NA» в качестве region.id кажется многообещающим. Код Swift может эффективно с этим справиться.

Уточнение модели

Хорошо, дайте подумать. Я дорабатываю View Model, чтобы отфильтровать агрегаты, гарантируя, что после декодирования страны не будут их содержать

countries = response.countries.filter { $0.region.value != "Aggregates" }.

Организация по региону

Я группирую реальные страны по регионам, используя словарь Dictionary в View Model. Обновляю ContentView заголовками header разделов Sections для регионов region и размещаю список соответствующих стран под каждым заголовком. Прогресс стабильный и продуманный.

Ниже приведен обновленный пример, который выбирает данные по странам Всемирного банка, отфильтровывает несуверенные "агрегаты" (т. е. оставляет только "реальные" страны Мира), а затем группирует их по регионам region. В этом примере мы предполагаем, что любая страна, значение региона region которой равно "Aggregates", должна быть исключена.

Код разделен на три части:

1. Модели данных(Data Model)

Определите свои модели, как и прежде. Ответ response верхнего уровня — это массив unkeyedContainer, который мы декодируем, игнорируя первый элемент (метаданные), а затем декодируем список стран:

код Data Model
import Foundation

// MARK: - Models

struct CountryResponse: Codable {
    let countries: [Country]
    
    // Custom initializer to decode the top-level array.
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
        // Decode and ignore metadata.
        _ = try container.decode(Meta.self)
        // Decode the countries array.
        countries = try container.decode([Country].self)
    }
}

struct Meta: Codable {
    let page: Int
    let pages: Int
    let per_page: String
    let total: Int
}

struct Country: Codable, Identifiable {
    let id: String            // This is the country code.
    let iso2Code: String
    let name: String
    let region: Category
    let incomeLevel: Category
    let lendingType: Category
    let capitalCity: String
    let longitude: String
    let latitude: String
}

struct Category: Codable {
    let id: String
    let value: String
}

2. View Model

Теперь View Model выбирает данные, отфильтровывает все страны со значением region.value равным “Aggregates” (которые Всемирный банк использует для нереальных групп стран), а затем группирует оставшиеся страны по регионам region.

код View Model
import Foundation
import SwiftUI

class CountriesViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var countries: [Country] = []
    // Group real countries by region.
    @Published var groupedCountries: [String: [Country]] = [:]
    
    @MainActor
    func fetchCountries() async {
        // Use a per_page parameter high enough to include most countries.
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country?format=json&per_page=300") else {
            print("Invalid URL")
            return
        }
        
        do {
            let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
            let response = try JSONDecoder().decode(CountryResponse.self, from: data)
            
            // Filter out aggregates - only include countries whose region value is not "Aggregates"
            let realCountries = response.countries.filter { $0.region.value != "Aggregates" }
            self.countries = realCountries
            
            // Group the filtered countries by region.
            groupedCountries = Dictionary(grouping: realCountries, by: { $0.region.value })
        } catch {
            print("Error fetching countries: \(error)")
        }
    }
}

3. SwiftUI Views

Основной List View:

Список стран сгруппирован в разделы Section по регионам (с названием региона в качестве заголовка). Нажатие на конкретную страну покажет подробную дополнительную информацию о стране в CountryDetailView.

код ContentView и CountryDetailView :
import SwiftUI

struct ContentView: View {
    @StateObject var viewModel = CountriesViewModel()
    
    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
            List {
                // Sort region names alphabetically.
                ForEach(viewModel.groupedCountries.keys.sorted(), id: \.self) { region in
                   Section(header: Text(region)) {
                      if let countriesInRegion = viewModel.groupedCountries[region] {
                        ForEach(countriesInRegion) { country in
                          NavigationLink(destination: CountryDetailView(country: country)) {
                                    Text(country.name)
                          }
                        }
                      }
                   }
                }
            }
            .navigationTitle("World Countries")
            .task {
                await viewModel.fetchCountries()
            }
        }
    }
}

Подробный CountryDetailView: показывает дополнительную информацию о выбранной стране.

struct CountryDetailView: View {
    let country: Country
    
    var body: some View {
        Form {
            Section(header: Text("General")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Capital:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.capitalCity)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Region:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.region.value)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Income Level:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.incomeLevel.value)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("ISO Code:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.iso2Code)
                }
            }
            
            Section(header: Text("Location")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Latitude:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.latitude)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Longitude:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.longitude)
                }
            }
        }
        .navigationTitle(country.name)
    }
}

Объяснение

  1. Фильтрация реальных стран:

В методе View Model fetchCountries() после декодирования JSON мы отфильтровываем все страны, значение value региона region которых равно «Aggregates». Этот шаг гарантирует, что в вашем списке появятся только суверенные государства.

  1. Группировка по региону:

Оставшиеся страны затем группируются в словарь с помощью Dictionary(grouping:by:) с ключом region.value.

  1. Отображение данных:

SwiftUI список List использует раздел Section для каждого региона region, а нажатие на строку показывает подробное CountryDetailView c дополнительной информацией о стране.

В этом примере показано, как отображать только «реальные» страны, сгруппированные по региону. При необходимости вы можете дополнительно настроить критерии фильтрации. Удачного кодирования!

Версия 2. Запускаем приложение. Получаем результат:

18dc1e6e000bd0151825064033eee917.png

Сейчас в списке стран только реальные страны Мира, нет никаких агрегатов AGGREGATES. Кроме того, страны сгруппированы по географическим регионам region.

Что касается кода, то ChatGPT o3-mini справился прекрасно.

Добавляем численность населения population и ВВП gdp

Теперь мы хотим добавить численность населения population и ВВП gdp для каждой страны:

7b1ebc7916ca515a1d5e5b09830c5906.png

добавь численность населения population и ВВП gdp и флаг к каждой стране. Используй эмодзи для флага.

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 25 секунд:

8ed3b7c707064556ca29c0d638225830.pngИ вот их перевод:

Обогащение данных

Чтобы обогатить набор данных по странам данными о населении, ВВП и флаге, я использую API Всемирного банка. Население и ВВП берутся из определенных endpoints, а эмодзи флага выводится из кода страны.

Оценка эффективности API

Я рассматриваю либо отдельные вызовы для данных каждой страны, что требует больших затрат, либо массовый вызов indicator endpoint для оптимизации обработки путем объединения результатов.

Расширение модели

Я интегрирую поля population и gdp для населения и ВВП в модель страны Country, одновременно выводя эмодзи флага из ISO2 кода с помощью расширения extension Swift. Этот подход прост и эффективен.

Преобразование выбранных данных

Я думаю о получении данных о населении population и ВВП gdp путем выполнения раздельных API вызовов для множества стран, а затем анализа выбранных JSON данных с целью создания словаря для эффективного преобразования данных.

Реализация многопоточных вызовов

Объединение многопоточных выборок данных для населения population и ВВП gdp в View Model. Эти значения пока отсутствуют в модели страны Country, поэтому их можно передать непосредственно в View для интеграции.

Улучшение модели

Я думаю о добавлении дополнительных свойств для населения population и ВВП gdp в модель страны Country. Эти значения, извлеченные из разных endpoints, можно было бы предоставить отдельно или интегрировать с помощью вычисляемых свойств для ясности.

Улучшение обработки данных

Я думаю о том, следует ли добавлять дополнительные Optional переменные var для населения population и ВВП gdp в структуру страны Country, хранящуюся отдельно в View Model. Этот подход поддерживает четкую, управляемую структуру данных.

Настройка View Model

Я помещаю данные о населении population и ВВП gdp в словари внутри View Model, которые обновляются сразу же после выборки стран. Это обеспечивает организованное и актуальное управление данными.

Управление данными

Я настраиваю View Model для хранения данных о населении population и ВВП gdp в словарях. Это включает многопоточную выборку этих значений после выборки данных о странах, что обеспечивает плавный и организованный процесс выборки.

Улучшение обработки данных

Я настраиваю View Model для управления данными о населении population и ВВП gdp в словарях Dictionary, синхронизированных с идентификаторами соответствующих им стран, что обеспечивает эффективный и организованный поиск данных.

Обеспечение согласованности

Использование id с трехбуквенным ISO кодом для стран countries упрощает точную “привязку” данных о населении population и ВВП gdp из API Всемирного банка.

Точное сопоставление данных

Обеспечение того, чтобы трехбуквенные ISO коды в структуре страны Country правильно соответствовали countryiso3code API Всемирного банка для точной “привязки” данных о населении population и ВВП gdp.

Эффективная организация данных

Создание новых структур для данных о населении population и ВВП gdp для упрощения сопоставления по коду страны, что обеспечивает согласованность с API ответами response. Такой подход приведет к более четкой обработке и анализу данных.

Точная “привязка” данных

Я работаю над структурами для обработки данных о населении population и ВВП gdp, обеспечивая точную “привязку” данных по коду страны. Такой подход оптимизирует ясность и анализ данных.

Обновление модели

Я добавляю асинхронные async запросы для выборки данных о населении population и ВВП gdp, “привязывая” результаты выборки по коду страны с соответствующими словарями для эффективного управления данными и анализа.

Создание асинхронных функций

Я совершенствую асинхронные async функции для выборки данных о населении population и ВВП gdp по странам, декодирую их в словари и обрабатываю ошибки для обеспечения точности данных.

Улучшение UI

Я работаю над отображением населения population, ВВП gdp и эмодзи флага для каждой страны в View. Использование расширения String для эмодзи флага обеспечивает безупречное, интуитивно понятное представление данных.

Форматирование значений ВВП

Я создаю основной View со списком List для четкого отображения отформатированных данных о ВВП gdp и населении population, включая отсутствующие данные как «N/A», используя number formatters и условный рендеринг.

Ниже приведен обновленный полный пример. В этой версии мы:

  • Получаем список «реальных» стран (фильтруя агрегаты “Aggregates”)

  • В многопоточном режиме получаем последние данные о населении (индикатор «SP.POP.TOTL») и ВВП (индикатор «NY.GDP.MKTP.CD») для каждой страны (используя данные за последний год, например, 2022)

  • Вычисляем эмодзи флага из двухбуквенного ISO кода страны

  • Отображаем флаг, название, население и ВВП каждой страны в списке (сгруппированном по регионам)

1. Модели данных Data Model

Мы используем ту же модель Country (декодирование из массива верхнего уровня) и добавляем расширение extension для преобразования флагов в эмодзи. Мы также определяем простые модели для ответов response индикаторов Indicator.

код Data Model
import Foundation

// MARK: - Models
// This struct is used to decode the top-level array.
// We ignore the first element (metadata) and then decode the second element as an array of Country.
struct CountryResponse: Codable {
    let countries: [Country]
    
    // Custom initializer to decode the top-level array.
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
        // Decode (and ignore) the metadata.
        _ = try container.decode(Meta.self)
        // Now decode the countries array.
        countries = try container.decode([Country].self)
    }
}
// Metadata about the response (we don't use it in this sample).
struct Meta: Codable {
    let page: Int
    let pages: Int
    let per_page: String
    let total: Int
}
// The Country model - note that we use the "id" field from the API as the unique identifier.
struct Country: Codable, Identifiable {
    // The API's "id" is the country code.
    let id: String
    let iso2Code: String
    let name: String
    let region: Category
    let incomeLevel: Category
    let lendingType: Category
    let capitalCity: String
    let longitude: String
    let latitude: String
}
// A helper type for nested category fields (like region, incomeLevel, etc.)
struct Category: Codable {
    let id: String
    let value: String
}
//------
// MARK: - Indicator API Models
// Response to decode indicator data
struct IndicatorResponse: Codable {
    let data: [IndicatorData]
    
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
        _ = try container.decode(Meta.self)
        data = try container.decode([IndicatorData].self)
    }
}
struct IndicatorData: Codable {
    let indicator: Indicator?
    let country: IndicatorCountry?
    let countryiso3code: String?
    let date: String?
    let value: Double?
    let unit: String?
    let obs_status: String?
    let decimal: Int?
}
struct Indicator: Codable {
    let id: String?
    let value: String?
}
struct IndicatorCountry: Codable {
    let id: String?
    let value: String?
}
// MARK: - Flag Emoji Extension
extension String {
    /// Converts a 2-letter country code into its corresponding flag emoji.
    var flagEmoji: String {
        self.uppercased().unicodeScalars.compactMap { scalar -> String? in
            guard let flagScalar = UnicodeScalar(127397 + scalar.value) else { return nil }
            return String(flagScalar)
        }.joined()
    }
}

2. View Model

View Model теперь выбирает список стран countries, фильтрует агрегаты “Aggregates”,, а затем — используя async let — выбирает последние данные о населении population и ВВП gdp для всех стран из endpoint индикатора. Мы сохраняем эти значения в словарях (ключом к которым служит трехбуквенный код страны), чтобы View могло их найти.

код View Model:
import SwiftUI
class CountriesViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var countries: [Country] = []
    // Group real countries by region.
    @Published var groupedCountries: [String: [Country]] = [:]
    
    // Indicator dictionaries: country id -> value
    @Published var populationData: [String: Int] = [:]
    @Published var gdpData: [String: Double] = [:]
    
    @MainActor
    func fetchCountries() async {
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country?format=json&per_page=300") else {
            print("Invalid URL")
            return
        }
        
        do {
            let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
            let response = try JSONDecoder().decode(CountryResponse.self, from: data)
            
            // Filter out non‑sovereign aggregates (assume region value "Aggregates" means not a real country)
            let realCountries = response.countries.filter { $0.region.value != "Aggregates" }
            self.countries = realCountries
            groupedCountries = Dictionary(grouping: realCountries, by: { $0.region.value })
            
            // Fetch population and GDP concurrently.
            async let popResult = fetchPopulation()
            async let gdpResult = fetchGDP()
            _ = try await (popResult, gdpResult)
            
        } catch {
            print("Error fetching countries: \(error)")
        }
    }
    
    // Fetch population (indicator "SP.POP.TOTL") for year 2022.
    func fetchPopulation() async throws {
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?format=json&per_page=500&date=2022") else { return }
        let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
        let decoded = try JSONDecoder().decode(IndicatorResponse.self, from: data)
        var dict: [String: Int] = [:]
        for item in decoded.data {
            if let code = item.countryiso3code, let value = item.value {
                dict[code] = Int(value)
            }
        }
        await MainActor.run { self.populationData = dict }
    }
    
    // Fetch GDP (indicator "NY.GDP.MKTP.CD") for year 2022.
    func fetchGDP() async throws {
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?format=json&per_page=500&date=2022") else { return }
        let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
        let decoded = try JSONDecoder().decode(IndicatorResponse.self, from: data)
        var dict: [String: Double] = [:]
        for item in decoded.data {
            if let code = item.countryiso3code, let value = item.value {
                dict[code] = value
            }
        }
        await MainActor.run { self.gdpData = dict }
    }
}

3. SwiftUI Views

В списке List теперь отображаются эмодзи флага каждой страны (вычисляется на основе двухбуквенного ISO кода), название, население population и ВВП gdp. Если значение недоступно, то отображается «N/A».

Основной View со списком List (сгруппирован по регионам):

Код ContentView и CountryDetailView
import SwiftUI

struct ContentView: View {
    @StateObject var viewModel = CountriesViewModel()
    
    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
            List {
                ForEach(viewModel.groupedCountries.keys.sorted(), id: \.self) { region in
                    Section(header: Text(region)) {
                        if let countries = viewModel.groupedCountries[region] {
                            ForEach(countries) { country in
                                NavigationLink(destination: CountryDetailView(
                                     country: country,
                                     population: viewModel.populationData[country.id],
                                                                              
                                     gdp: viewModel.gdpData[country.id])) {
                                    HStack {
                                        // Flag emoji from iso2Code
                                        Text(country.iso2Code.flagEmoji)
                                            .font(.largeTitle)
                                        VStack(alignment: .leading) {
                                            Text(country.name)
                                                .font(.headline)
                                            HStack {
                                                if let 
                                               pop = viewModel.populationData[country.id] {
                                                    Text("Population: \(pop)")
                                                } else {
                                                    Text("Population: N/A")
                                                }
                                                Spacer()
                                                if let gdp = viewModel.gdpData[country.id] {
                                                    Text("GDP: \(gdp, specifier: "%.0f")")
                                                } else {
                                                    Text("GDP: N/A")
                                                }
                                            }
                                            .font(.subheadline)
                                            .foregroundColor(.secondary)
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            .navigationTitle("World Countries")
            .task {
                await viewModel.fetchCountries()
            }
        }
    }
}

Detail View (с дополнительной информацией):

struct CountryDetailView: View {
    let country: Country
    let population: Int?
    let gdp: Double?
    
    var body: some View {
        Form {
            Section(header: Text("General")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Flag:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.iso2Code.flagEmoji)
                        .font(.largeTitle)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Capital:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.capitalCity)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Region:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.region.value)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Income Level:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.incomeLevel.value)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("ISO Code:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.iso2Code)
                }
            }
            
            Section(header: Text("Indicators")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Population:")
                    Spacer()
                    if let pop = population {
                        Text("\(pop)")
                    } else {
                        Text("N/A")
                    }
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("GDP (USD):")
                    Spacer()
                    if let gdp = gdp {
                        Text("\(gdp, specifier: "%.0f")")
                    } else {
                        Text("N/A")
                    }
                }
            }
            
            Section(header: Text("Location")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Latitude:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.latitude)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Longitude:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.longitude)
                }
            }
        }
        .navigationTitle(country.name)
    }
}

Объяснение

Эмодзи флаг:

Расширение extension строки String преобразует двухбуквенный ISO код (например, «US») в соответствующий эмодзи флаг. Это используется как в списке List, так и в подробном CountryDetailView.

Население и ВВП:

Отдельные асинхронные async функции вызывают endpoints индикатора Всемирного банка для населения population и ВВП gdp за указанный год (в данном примере 2022). Результаты сохраняются в словарях, имеющих ключи по трехбуквенному коду страны.

(Этот подход по стилю похож на примеры использования URLSession с async/await

HACKINGWITHSWIFT.COM.)

Отображение данных:

В главном списке List для каждой страны отображаются флаг, название, население и ВВП (если доступно). В подробном CountryDetailView отображаются те же данные вместе с дополнительными полями.

В этом примере показано, как обогатить список стран реальными данными о населении и ВВП вместе с флаговым эмодзи в виде флага. Удачного кодирования!

Версия 3. Запускаем приложение. Получаем результат:

Выдается ошибка:

Error fetching countries: typeMismatch(Swift.String, Swift.DecodingError.Context(codingPath: [_CodingKey(stringValue: "Index 0", intValue: 0), CodingKeys(stringValue: "per_page", intValue: nil)], debugDescription: "Expected to decode String but found number instead.", underlyingError: nil))

(Ошибка при выборке стран: typeMismatch(Swift.String, Swift.DecodingError.Context(codingPath: [_CodingKey(stringValue: "Index 0", intValue: 0), CodingKeys(stringValue: "per_page", intValue: nil)], debugDescription: "Ожидается декодирование строки String, но вместо этого найдено число.", underlyingError: nil))

Поэтому информация о численности населения Population и ВВП GDP показывается как N/A как в основном списке стран, так и в дополнительной информации о стране.

6d422e0a486ac79313998407873859f2.png

Это опять связано с декодированием метаданных индикатора endpoint Indicator.

У нас используется одна и та же Модель Meta для метаданных:

// Metadata about the response (we don't use it in this sample).
struct Meta: Codable {
    let page: Int
    let pages: Int
    let per_page: String
    let total: Int

Как для endpoint country при выборке стран:

 struct CountryResponse: Codable {
    let countries: [Country]
    
    // Custom initializer to decode the top-level array.
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
        // Decode (and ignore) the metadata.
        _ = try container.decode(Meta.self)
        // Now decode the countries array.
        countries = try container.decode([Country].self)
    }
}

… так и для endpoint Indicator при выборке численности населения и ВВП:

// MARK: - Indicator API Models
// Response to decode indicator data
struct IndicatorResponse: Codable {
    let data: [IndicatorData]
    
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
        _ = try container.decode(Meta.self)
        data = try container.decode([IndicatorData].self)
    }
}

Но судя по ошибке и просмотру “живых” JSON данных для численности населения, мы видим, что per_page в метаданных indicator является НЕ String, a число Int ):

69ca81b5fc5f8f5dce266aaaa9dac9ce.png

Все ИИ плохо работают с неаккуратно спроектированными человеком структурами.

И в этой ситуации ChatGPT удивила очень интересным решением.

Корректируем полe “per_page” в Индикаторе

Давайте сообщим об этом ChatGPT o3-mini:

30b8d95e7d6ad78670a41e210d518e24.png

В Meta для CountryResponse поле “per_page” является строкой String, a Meta для IndicatorResponse поле “per_page” является целым числом Int

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 10 секунд:

af78f60a42382a16c721ff79242883a1.pngВот их перевод:

Устранение несоответствий ТИПов

Я работаю над несоответствиями между 'per_page' как String в CountryResponse и Int в IndicatorDataResponse. Решение: пользовательский Decodable для унификации этих ТИПов.

Создание универсального ТИПа

Я разрабатываю IntOrString ТИП, который может управлять декодированием как Int, так и String. Этот подход может устранить несоответствие ТИПов 'per_page'. Теперь следующим шагом будет интеграция с ТИПом Meta.

Разработка решений

Я собираю воедино пользовательский ТИП IntOrString для декодирования per_page, специфичного для каждой endpoint. Этот адаптивный метод обеспечивает эффективное управление ТИПом Meta, поддерживая код оптимизированным и актуальным.

Повышение гибкости данных

Я создаю сообщение для устранения несоответствия в "per_page" в разных API. Реализация гибкого ТИПа для декодирования обеспечивает плавную интеграцию и согласованность данных.

Разработка решения

Я разрабатываю ТИП FlexibleInt для искусной обработки декодирования из Int или String, гарантируя, что поле Meta "per_page" останется согласованным, будь то целое число Int или строка String.

Когда API возвращает одно и то же поле, используя разные ТИПы (например, «per_page» как String в одном ответе response и как Int в другом), хорошим подходом является создание пользовательского ТИПа, который может декодировать любой из них. Например, вы можете определить ТИП (здесь он называется FlexibleInt), который пытается декодировать Int напрямую, а если это не удается, пытается декодировать String, а затем преобразовать его в Int. Затем вы используете этот ТИП в своей модели Meta.

Ниже приведен пример:

import Foundation

// A type that decodes either an Int or a String convertible to an Int.
struct FlexibleInt: Codable {
    let value: Int

    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
        if let intValue = try? container.decode(Int.self) {
            self.value = intValue
        } else if let stringValue = try? container.decode(String.self),
                  let intValue = Int(stringValue) {
            self.value = intValue
        } else {
            throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(
                in: container,
                debugDescription: "Expected Int or String convertible to Int"
            )
        }
    }
    
    func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
        try container.encode(value)
    }
}

// Update the Meta model to use FlexibleInt for per_page.
struct Meta: Codable {
    let page: Int
    let pages: Int
    let per_page: FlexibleInt  // now flexible
    let total: Int
}

Теперь, как в CountryResponse, так и в IndicatorDataResponse (или любом другом ответе response, который использует объект Meta), вы можете использовать этот же ТИП Meta. Такой подход гарантирует, что независимо от того, возвращает ли API «per_page» как строку String или как целое число Int, ваш код сможет декодировать его согласованно.

Объяснение

FlexibleInt:

Пользовательский ТИП сначала пытается декодировать как Int. Если это не удается, он декодирует String и преобразует его в Int. Если ни то, ни другое не работает, он выдает ошибку.

Модель Мeta:

Вместо того, чтобы определять "per_page" как фиксированный ТИП (Int или String), мы определяем его как FlexibleInt. Это позволяет использовать одну и ту же модель для обеих endpoints, где API возвращает другой ТИП для этого поля.

Это решение позволяет вашим моделям быть устойчивыми к небольшим несоответствиям API.

Версия 4. Запускаем приложение. Получаем результат:

15e34751913a2f3baa5b72bd7153651b.png

Приложение отлично работает - ошибок нет, но есть предупреждения:

266be672c8b652bc66b0e30d1c56f1dd.png

Избавляемся от предупреждений

Давайте попросим ChatGPT o3-mini разобраться с этими предупреждениями:

33c8a10a870137f45ff15e0dbea50499.png

ТИП, который “выводится из контекста” для константы ‘popResult’, это ‘()’, что может быть неожиданным. ТИП, который “выводится из контекста” для константы ‘gdpResult’, это ‘()’, что может быть неожиданным.

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 13 секунд:

c2ada3af7c40a5d99e449b36b8eec22b.pngВот их перевод:

Оценка выходных данных функций

Я собираю информацию о том, что fetchPopulation() и fetchGDP() возвращают Void. Это, в свою очередь, приводит к тому, что popResult и gdpResult имеют ТИП (), что неожиданно. Пришло время переосмыслить подход.

Возвращаясь к многопоточности

Я уточняю, как обрабатывать асинхронные async функции, сравнивая последовательные вызовы с try await против async let. Последовательные вызовы могут упростить обработку ТИПов и сократить количество ошибок.

Оценка вариантов

Я планирую различные способы одновременного вызова асинхронных async функций. Использование try await с ThrowingTaskGroup(of:) кажется самым простым и эффективным решением.

Управление многопоточностью

Я выясняю, как использовать асинхронные async функции и одновременно await их с помощью try await. Такой подход управляет ожидаемыми ТИПами и поддерживает эффективность обработки.

Баланс многопоточности

Я работаю над вариантами многопоточных асинхронных async вызовов функций, рассматривая передовой опыт для обеспечения эффективности и соответствия ожидаемым ТИПам. Хм, дайте подумать: эффективная многопоточность — это ключ.

Выбор решения

Я рассматриваю возможность удаления назначений для асинхронных функций, чтобы избежать предупреждений. Явные аннотации ТИПов или подчеркивания _ могут помочь. Такой подход может упростить процесс.

Разбор многопоточности

Я работаю над асинхронными вызовами функций, чтобы оптимизировать многопоточность. Явные аннотации ТИПов или подчеркивания _ могут помочь избежать предупреждений и обеспечить плавную обработку возвращаемых типов Void.

Выравнивание возвращаемых значений функций

Я гарантирую, что асинхронные вызовы функций соответствуют ожиданиям ТИПа Void. Явные аннотации ТИПов или подчеркивания _ помогают избежать предупреждений, улучшая процесс кодирования.

Предупреждение появляется, потому что ваши асинхронные async функции возвращают Void, поэтому привязка async let выводит из контекста” ТИП () (Void). Чтобы убрать предупреждение, вы можете явно аннотировать ТИП как Void или просто await их, не пытаясь захватить значение, которое вам не нужно. Например, обновите свой код следующим образом:

// In your fetchCountries() method
async let popResult: Void = fetchPopulation()
async let gdpResult: Void = fetchGDP()

try await popResult
try await gdpResult

В качестве альтернативы, если результаты вас вообще не интересуют, вы можете просто вызывать их последовательно:

try await fetchPopulation()
try await fetchGDP()

Использование явных аннотаций ТИПов (как в первом примере) дает понять, что вы ожидаете Void, и устраняет предупреждение “inferred type ()” («выведенный из контекста ТИП - ()»).

Используем второй альтернативный способ.

// Fetch population and GDP concurrently.
         //   async let popResult = fetchPopulation()
         //   async let gdpResult = fetchGDP()
             try await  fetchPopulation()
             try await fetchGDP()

У нас есть еще предупреждения:

75652e66221ec5a4694e88d0f353c4b7.png

Давайте попросим ChatGPT o3-mini разобраться с этими предупреждениями:

184f96d906ab1b7ad1668db869a607b7.png

ссылка на захваченную переменную var 'dict' в многопоточном коде, это ошибка в режиме Swift 6

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 17 секунд:

1eeabb080b3c77ee1b8f86a4a82b6c52.pngВот их перевод:

Устранение ошибки многопоточности

Довольно интересно, что Swift 6 отмечает проблемы с изменяемыми переменными в многопоточном коде. Чтобы исправить это,сделайте назначение локальным переменным в асинхронных замыканиях, обеспечивая неизменяемость.

Исследование проблем многопоточности

Я проверяю, является ли предупреждение Swift 6 о захвате переменной var 'dict' в многопоточном замыкании действительным. Проблема возникает во время выполнения блока MainActor.run, который захватывает изменяемую переменную 'dict'.

Смягчение изменяемости

Хм, я думаю сделать 'dict' неизменяемой переменной или скопировать её перед замыканием. Мы выполним назначение переменной за пределами замыкания, что безопасно и безошибочно. Swift 6 заставляет применять эти передовые практики.

Эта ошибка обычно возникает, когда изменяемая переменная (например, ваш локальный словарь 'dict') захватывается многопоточное замыкание. Один из способов исправить это — создать неизменяемую копию (константу let) словаря после того, как вы закончите его сборку, а затем использовать ее в замыкании MainActor. Например, обновите свои функции следующим образом:

код fetchPopulation() и fetchGDP()
func fetchPopulation() async throws {
    guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?format=json&per_page=500&date=2022") else { return }
    let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
    let decoded = try JSONDecoder().decode(PopulationDataResponse.self, from: data)
    var dict: [String: Int] = [:]
    for item in decoded.data {
        if let code = item.countryiso3code, let value = item.value {
            dict[code] = Int(value)
        }
    }
    // Create an immutable copy before passing it to MainActor
    let result = dict
    await MainActor.run {
        self.populationData = result
    }
}

func fetchGDP() async throws {
    guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?format=json&per_page=500&date=2022") else { return }
    let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
    let decoded = try JSONDecoder().decode(GDPDataResponse.self, from: data)
    var dict: [String: Double] = [:]
    for item in decoded.data {
        if let code = item.countryiso3code, let value = item.value {
            dict[code] = value
        }
    }
    let result = dict
    await MainActor.run {
        self.gdpData = result
    }
}

Объяснение

  • Неизменяемая копия: после создания вашего изменяемого словаря (dict) назначьте его константе (let result = dict). Это гарантирует, что замыкание, переданное в MainActor.run, захватит неизменяемое значение, что безопасно в многопоточных контекстах.

  • Замыкание MainActor.run: теперь замыкание использует result (константу let) для обновления вашего @Published свойства, избегая ошибки многопоточности.

Это должно устранить ошибку «reference to capture var 'dict'» в Swift 6 режиме.

Если я нахожусь в режиме Swift 5:

f1b736accff90af99b9271f8af76c1e7.png

… то предупреждения исчезли:


6a0f4a88915ace52306a59c8dd8b826b.png56059fdf8edd757d7742af29bef99855.png

Swift 6 concurrency

Но если я переключусь в Swift 6 режим:

79235ed0656337476c5604f35f0c0ea5.png

То вернутся не просто предупреждения, a ошибки, поскольку в режиме Swift 6 strict concurrency на уровне компиляции обнаруживаются ошибки, связанные с “гонкой данных” (data races):

cdb3a3473a0fc21a8e941a04faf92639.png22111d702da3a6d0c7a0655282ed05a1.png

Давайте сообщим об этих ошибках ChatGPT o3-mini:

cdbd80fec898247b22991c27fd28d36f.png

Посылка «self» рискует вызвать гонку данных в коде await MainActor.run {

self.populationData = result } в режиме Swift 6

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 6 секунд:

e76fa939142514aa52de6843e646325e.pngВот их перевод:

Управление гонками данных

Я изучаю обработку «self» в actor-изолированных замыканиях, чтобы избежать “гонок данных” (data races). Обеспечение надлежащей изоляции «self», особенно в fetchCountries, является ключевым фактором.

Определение лучшей настройки

Чтобы обеспечить безопасное назначение «self» в fetchCountries, маркировка всей View Model как @MainActor является многообещающим вариантом. Это эффективно предотвращает “гонки данных” (data races).

Обеспечение безопасности данных

Чтобы избежать “гонок данных” (data races), я рекомендую маркировать весь View Model класс class как @MainActor. Этот метод сохраняет «self» изолированным как MainActor, гарантируя безопасность обновлений свойств.

Сделаем акцент на изоляции

Хорошо, дайте-ка подумать. Маркировка всей View Model как @MainActor гарантирует, что свойства изолированы как MainActor, избегая “гонок данных” (data races) без необходимости захватывать «self» внутри MainActor.run.

Распространенное решение — убедиться, что ваша View Model уже изолирована как MainActor, чтобы вам не пришлось захватывать self внутри блока MainActor.run. Другими словами, пометьте свою View Model с помощью @MainActor. Например:

код View Model
import SwiftUI

@MainActor
class CountriesViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var countries: [Country] = []
    @Published var groupedCountries: [String: [Country]] = [:]
    @Published var populationData: [String: Int] = [:]
    @Published var gdpData: [String: Double] = [:]
    
    func fetchCountries() async {
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country?format=json&per_page=300") else {
            print("Invalid URL")
            return
        }
        
        do {
            let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
            let response = try JSONDecoder().decode(CountryResponse.self, from: data)
            
            // Filter out aggregates
            let realCountries = response.countries.filter { $0.region.value != "Aggregates" }
            self.countries = realCountries
            self.groupedCountries = Dictionary(grouping: realCountries, by: { $0.region.value })
            
            // Fetch population and GDP concurrently.
            try await  fetchPopulation()
            try await fetchGDP()            
        } catch {
            print("Error fetching countries: \(error)")
        }
    }
    
    // Fetch Population (indicator "SP.POP.TOTL")
    func fetchPopulation() async throws {
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?format=json&per_page=500&date=2022") else { return }
        let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
        let decoded = try JSONDecoder().decode(PopulationDataResponse.self, from: data)
        var dict: [String: Int] = [:]
        for item in decoded.data {
            if let code = item.countryiso3code, let value = item.value {
                dict[code] = Int(value)
            }
        }
        // Since self is already isolated to the main actor, assign directly.
        self.populationData = dict
    }
    
    // Fetch GDP (indicator "NY.GDP.MKTP.CD")
    func fetchGDP() async throws {
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?format=json&per_page=500&date=2022") else { return }
        let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
        let decoded = try JSONDecoder().decode(GDPDataResponse.self, from: data)
        var dict: [String: Double] = [:]
        for item in decoded.data {
            if let code = item.countryiso3code, let value = item.value {
                dict[code] = value
            }
        }
        self.gdpData = dict
    }
}

Зачем использовать @MainActor?

Отмечая свою View Model с помощью @MainActor, вы гарантируете, что все свойства и функции в ней будут выполняться на MainActor. Таким образом, когда вы обновляете свои @Published свойства (например, populationData или gdpData), вы уже находитесь в основном потоке (main thread) и вам не нужно беспокоиться о захвате self в замыкании MainActor.run, что в Swift 6 может привести к “гонкам данных”(data races), если self НЕ изолирован.

Такой подход должен устранить предупреждение или сообщение об ошибке о “гонке данных” (data races), одновременно гарантируя безопасное обновление self на MainActor.

Версия 5. Запускаем приложение. Получаем результат:

f6f926d9e655fa099266aca06f228246.gif

Есть небольшая задержка в появлении данных на экране, которая, возможно, связана с @MainActor.

Все fetch функции выполняем на background

Давайте попробуем все fetch функции выполнить на background.

b5b181f4dda553f7b40dd4bb023fa105.png

Как запустить функцию fetch в фоновом режиме, а не в основном потоке?

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 6 секунд:

c72d809e17d8adbd1e5b36fb2e82576c.pngВот их перевод:

Обработка сетевых вызовов

Хорошо, дайте подумать. Задача заключается в управлении функцией fetch в View Model, которая является @MainActor, гарантируя, что обновления UI находятся в основном потоке, а сетевые вызовы — в фоновом потоке.

Размышляя о фоновом выполнении

Мне интересно, как nonisolated методы в классе @MainActor могут работать в фоновом режиме. Интересно, что маркировка их как nonisolated позволяет это сделать.

Управление nonisolated методами

Я рассматриваю возможность использования nonisolated методов для таких задач, как выборка данных и их декодирование. Просто предостерегаю от доступа к состоянию или обновлению UI из этих методов, чтобы сохранить actor изоляцию.

Навигация по nonisolated функции

Я думаю о том, чтобы маркировать функции как nonisolated в классе @MainActor, гарантируя, что обновления self будут на MainActor, избегая при этом прямого доступа к MainActor изолированным состояниям.

Балансировка выполнения

Я разбираюсь, как маркировка методов как nonisolated в классе @MainActor позволяет выполнять фоновое выполнение без прямого доступа к свойствам, MainActor изолированным.

Обеспечение безопасного потока данных

Отмечая fetch функции как nonisolated в классе @MainActor, я гарантирую, что они будут работать в фоновых потоках. Прямой доступ к MainActor свойствам не допускается; должны возвращаться только вычисленные значения.

Обеспечение безопасных обновлений

Я отмечаю, что nonisolated функции в классе @MainActor должны возвращать только вычисленные значения, а обновления должны выполняться безопасно на MainActor для поддержания принципов потокобезопасности и изоляции.

Ниже приведен пример View Model, которая помечена @MainActor (чтобы ее @Published свойства безопасно обновлялись в основном потоке), но использует nonisolated фоновые функции для выполнения выборки из сети и декодирования. Эти nonisolated функции возвращают выбранные данные, а не обновляют состояние напрямую. Затем MainActor функция loadCountries ожидает await эти результаты и обновляет состояние UI.

код view Model
@MainActor
class CountriesViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var countries: [Country] = []
    // Group real countries by region.
    @Published var groupedCountries: [String: [Country]] = [:]
    
    // Indicator dictionaries: country id -> value
    @Published var populationData: [String: Int] = [:]
    @Published var gdpData: [String: Double] = [:]
    
    func loadCountries() async {
        do {
            // This network call runs off the background thread.
            let fetchedCountries = try await fetchCountriesInBackground()
            // Now update the UI on the main actor
            countries = fetchedCountries
            groupedCountries = Dictionary(grouping: fetchedCountries, 
                                                by: { $0.region.value })
            
            // Fetch population and GDP concurrently.
            // This network call runs off the background thread.
            async let popResult = fetchPopulation()
            async let gdpResult = fetchGDP()
            let (pop, gdp) = try await (popResult, gdpResult)
            // Now update the UI on the main actor
            self.populationData = pop
            self.gdpData = gdp
            
        } catch {
            print("Error fetching countries: \(error)")
        }
    }
    
    nonisolated private func fetchCountriesInBackground() async throws -> [Country] {
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country?format=json&per_page=300") else {
            throw URLError(.badURL)
        }
        let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
        let response = try JSONDecoder().decode(CountryResponse.self, from: data)
        // Filter out aggregates here if desired.
        return response.countries.filter { $0.region.value != "Aggregates" }
    }
    
    // Fetch population (indicator "SP.POP.TOTL") for year 2022.
    nonisolated private func fetchPopulation() async throws -> [String: Int] {
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?format=json&per_page=500&date=2022") else { return [:]}
        let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
        let decoded = try JSONDecoder().decode(IndicatorResponse.self, from: data)
        var dict: [String: Int] = [:]
        for item in decoded.data {
            if let code = item.countryiso3code, let value = item.value {
                dict[code] = Int(value)
            }
        }
              return dict
    }
    
    // Fetch GDP (indicator "NY.GDP.MKTP.CD") for year 2022.
    nonisolated private func fetchGDP() async throws ->  [String: Double]{
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?format=json&per_page=500&date=2022") else { return   [:]}
        let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
        let decoded = try JSONDecoder().decode(IndicatorResponse.self, from: data)
        var dict: [String: Double] = [:]
        for item in decoded.data {
            if let code = item.countryiso3code, let value = item.value {
                dict[code] = value
            }
        }
        return dict
    }
}

Как это работает:

  1. nonisolated функции:

  • Функции fetchCountriesInBackground(), fetchPopulation() и fetchGDP() помечены как nonisolated, поэтому они могут работать в фоновом потоке. Они выполняют сетевые вызовы и декодирование JSON без доступа к какому-либо изолированному состоянию @MainActor.

  1. loadCountries() на MainActor:

  • Функция loadCountries() — это функция @MainActor, которая вызывает эти nonisolated функции (используя await). После завершения фоновой работы она обновляет @Published свойства (например, страны countries, groupedCountries и т. д.) на MainActor.

  1. Многопоточная выборка:

  • Данные о населении и ВВП выбираются одновременно с помощью синтаксиса async let, а их результаты ожидаются await вместе.

Этот шаблон четко отделяет тяжелую работу по выборке из сети/декодированию (выполняемую вне основного потока) от обновлений UI (которые должны выполняться на MainActor). Удачного кодирования!

Версия 6. Запускаем приложение.

Получаем результат:

9a3c7bca444e24ef9b7453f20acd33af.gif

Это все, что мы можем сделать с многопоточностью.

Добавляет карту страны

6640a2f46d3969529083d6111097bf2d.png

Покажи страну на карте в CountryDetailView

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 8 секунд:

0d38e9e185c034dbc18b2032b60b56e5.pngВот их перевод:

Обновление View

Я интегрирую MapKit View в CountryDetailView с помощью SwiftUI. Это включает import MapKit, преобразование широты latitude и долготы longitude страны в Doubles и настройку координат региона.

Улучшение отображения

Я добавляю новый раздел Section в CountryDetailView для отображения карты. Это включает инициализацию координат региона с широтой latitude и долготой longitude страны country и включение маркера MapMarker для подсвечивания местоположения столицы страны на карте.

Обеспечение географической точности

Я убеждаюсь, что широта latitude и долгота longitude правильно преобразованы в Double для MapKit. Затем я проверяю модель данных на предмет правильной обработки ТИПов данных и создания аннотаций на карты.

Установка границ территории

Я определяю View Map(coordinateRegion: $region, annotationItems: [country]) с координатами региона, центрированного на широте latitude и долготе longitude страны, обеспечивая точность представления географических данных.

Ниже приведена обновленная версия CountryDetailView, которая добавляет View Map, показывающее местоположение страны. В этом примере мы создаем MKCoordinateRegion (используя широту и долготу из модели Country, которые хранятся в виде строк String), а затем отображаем карту с маркером в этом месте. Мы добавляем этот новый раздел Section “Map” (“Карта”) в форму Form под другими разделами Section.

Обязательно импортируйте import MapKit в свой файл.

Код CountryDetailView:
import SwiftUI
import MapKit

struct CountryDetailView: View {
    let country: Country
    let population: Int?
    let gdp: Double?
    
    // Create a region state from the country's latitude/longitude.
    @State private var region: MKCoordinateRegion
    
    init(country: Country, population: Int?, gdp: Double?) {
        self.country = country
        self.population = population
        self.gdp = gdp
        
        // Convert latitude/longitude strings to Double.
        let lat = Double(country.latitude) ?? 0.0
        let lon = Double(country.longitude) ?? 0.0
        _region = State(initialValue: MKCoordinateRegion(
            center: CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: lat, longitude: lon),
            span: MKCoordinateSpan(latitudeDelta: 10, longitudeDelta: 10)
        ))
    }
    
    var body: some View {
        Form {
            Section(header: Text("General")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Flag:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.iso2Code.flagEmoji)
                        .font(.largeTitle)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Capital:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.capitalCity)
                }
             }
            
            Section(header: Text("Map")) {
                // Display the map with a marker for the country.
                Map(coordinateRegion: $region, annotationItems: [country]) { country in
                    // For annotation, convert the coordinate strings to Double.
                    let lat = Double(country.latitude) ?? 0.0
                    let lon = Double(country.longitude) ?? 0.0
                    return MapMarker(coordinate: 
                                    CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: lat, longitude: lon))
                }
                .frame(height: 300)
                .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10))
            }
            
            Section(header: Text("Indicators")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Population:")
                    Spacer()
                    if let pop = population {
                        Text("\(pop)")
                    } else {
                        Text("N/A")
                    }
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("GDP (USD):")
                    Spacer()
                    if let gdp = gdp {
                        Text("\(gdp, specifier: "%.0f")")
                    } else {
                        Text("N/A")
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        .navigationTitle(country.name)
    }
}

Объяснение

  1. Импорт import MapKit:

Мы импортируем import MapKit для использования SwiftUI View карты Map и соответствующих ТИПов.

  1. Координаты региона:

В инициализаторе init мы преобразуем широту latitude и долготу longitude страны country (которые хранятся в виде строк String) в значения Double. Они используются для создания начального MKCoordinateRegion с диапазоном (latitudeDelta и longitudeDelta), который определяет уровень масштабирования на карте.

Раздел карты Map Section:

Добавлен новый раздел Section с заголовком «Map». Map View ограничено состоянием region. Мы предоставляем массив [country], содержащий одну страну country, в качестве annotationItems, чтобы MapMarker отображался в координатах этой страны.

Это обновление отображает местоположение страны на карте в подробном View.

Версия 7. Запускаем приложение - получаем результат:

97025734b1ac9846d313735d3da6cd07.gif

Всё прекрасно работает, но у нас есть предупреждения:

7e8d88019b23bd4e9c95de216ab98b86.png

init(coordinateRegion:, interactionModes: ) was deprecated in iOS 17.0, use Map initializers that use MapContentBuilder instead.

(init(coordinateRegion:, interactionModes: ) устарел в iOS 17.0, вместо этого используйте инициализаторы Map с MapContentBuilder.)

eb95c68c987f3ff5d1ffd84ef91be916.png

MapMarker was deprecated in iOS 17.0, use Marker along with Map initializers that use MapContentBuilder instead.

(MapMarker устарел в iOS 17.0, вместо него используйте Marker вместе с Map инициализаторами c MapContentBuilder.)

Обновление SwiftUI Map для iOS 17

0af6641ae4599b9e3493b61e7bc329a4.png

init(coordinateRegion:, interactionModes: ) устарел в iOS 17.0, вместо этого используйте инициализаторы Map с MapContentBuilder. MapMarker устарел в iOS 17.0, вместо него используйте Marker вместе с Map инициализаторами c MapContentBuilder.

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 8 секунд:

fc0f2f8f3175bf5c547ff437a906d0ec.pngВот их перевод:

Рассмотрение MapCameraPosition

С новыми изменениями API в iOS 17 вместо старого MapPosition теперь используется новый MapCameraPosition. Это предполагает переход к более ориентированной на камеру обработке Map Views. Я припоминаю, что MapCameraPosition конкретно описывает положение камеры, что, по-видимому, является альтернативой устаревшим методам. Я должен подтвердить детали, но это определенно новый подход API, представленный в iOS 17.

Обновление до MapCameraPosition

В iOS 17 новый API карт Map в SwiftUI включает MapCameraPosition, заменяя старый MapPosition. Для этого требуются обновления кода. Мне нужно обеспечить использование инициализатора Map(cameraPosition: Binding<MapCameraPosition>). Новая структура MapCameraPosition включает такие свойства, как центр камеры, наклон, направление, высота и т. д.

Я думаю, что обновленный код должен правильно использовать MapCameraPosition, инициализируя его с координатами coordinates и другими параметрами. После установки мы можем привязать его к карте и включить маркеры. Позвольте мне еще раз проверить детали.

Ниже представлена ​​обновленная версия CountryDetailView, которая использует новый MapCameraPosition iOS 17. В этом примере мы используем новую @State переменную var position: MapCameraPosition. Затем мы передаем эту позицию position в новый инициализатор карты Map (position: $position). Маркер Marker также используется с его обязательными параметрами.

Убедитесь, что вы компилируете с помощью Xcode 15 (или более поздней версии), а ваш deployment target установлен ​​на iOS 17 или более позднюю версию.

код CountryDetailView:
import MapKit

struct CountryDetailView: View {
    let country: Country
    let population: Int?
    let gdp: Double?
    
    // Use the new state property for the map's position.
        @State private var position: MapCameraPosition
   
    
    init(country: Country, population: Int?, gdp: Double?) {
        self.country = country
        self.population = population
        self.gdp = gdp
        
        // Convert latitude/longitude strings to Double.
        let lat = Double(country.latitude) ?? 0.0
        let lon = Double(country.longitude) ?? 0.0
        
        // Initialize the MapPCameraPosition
                _position = State(initialValue:.region(MKCoordinateRegion(
                    center: CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: lat, longitude: lon), span: MKCoordinateSpan(latitudeDelta: 10, longitudeDelta: 10)
                )))
    }
    
    var body: some View {
        Form {
            Section(header: Text("General")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Flag:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.iso2Code.flagEmoji)
                        .font(.largeTitle)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Capital:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.capitalCity)
                }
            }
            
            Section(header: Text("Map")) {
              
                // Use the new iOS 17 Map initializer with a MapContentBuilder.
               Map (position: $position){
                   // For annotation, convert the coordinate strings to Double.
                   let lat = Double(country.latitude) ?? 0.0
                   let lon = Double(country.longitude) ?? 0.0
                   Marker ("",coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: lat, longitude: lon))
                                }
                .frame(height: 300)
                .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10))
            }
            
            Section(header: Text("Indicators")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Population:")
                    Spacer()
                    if let pop = population {
                        Text("\(pop)")
                    } else {
                        Text("N/A")
                    }
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("GDP (USD):")
                    Spacer()
                    if let gdp = gdp {
                        Text("\(gdp, specifier: "%.0f")")
                    } else {
                        Text("N/A")
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        .navigationTitle(country.name)
    }
}

Объяснение

  • MapCameraPosition:

Мы создаем @State свойство с именем cameraPosition ТИПа MapCameraPosition. В инициализаторе мы преобразуем широту и долготу страны (представленные как строки String) в CLLocationCoordinate2D. Затем мы инициализируем камеру с этим центром, а также высотой (уровнем масштабирования), углом наклона и направлением.

  • Инициализатор карты Map:

Новый инициализатор iOS 17 Map(cameraPosition: $cameraPosition) { … } принимает привязку к MapCameraPosition и использует хвостовое замыкание для определения содержимого карты. В этом случае мы размещаем Marker в нужном месте.

  • Маркер Marker:

Инициализатору Marker теперь требуются координаты coordinate и параметр положения position (мы используем .automatic).

Это переработанное View использует MapCameraPosition, чтобы камерой вашей карты Map можно было управлять с помощью нового API iOS 17. Удачного кодирования!

У нас нет предупреждений и ошибок компиляции.

Версия 8. Запускаем приложение - Получаем результат:

2998d1204cbcf29182b27eded9915b76.gif

Местоположение столицы страны на карте

Но надо сказать, что географические координаты широта latitude и долгота longitude в структуре struct Country, полученные с помощью API Всемирного Банка и соответствующие стране Country, соответствуют местоположению, близкому к расположению столицы страны capitalCity, но не точному её местоположению:

// The Country model - note that we use the "id" field from the API as the unique identifier.
struct Country: Codable, Identifiable {
    // The API's "id" is the country code.
    let id: String
    let iso2Code: String
    let name: String
    let region: Category
    let incomeLevel: Category
    let lendingType: Category
    let capitalCity: String
    let longitude: String  // широта
    let latitude: String   // долгота
}

Давайте получим координаты точного местоположения столицы и покажем столицу на карте:

c2b82022da81a93ce57866d28dde9835.png

Добавь на карту маркер Marker столицы страны

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 10 секунд:

116980a3bd29aca977fc9aeec684314f.pngВот их перевод:

Уточнение информации о маркере Marker столицы

Итак, пользователь хочет добавить маркер Marker на карту Map для столицы страны. CountryDetailView уже имеет маркер Marker в центре страны с использованием положения камеры, но теперь нам нужен еще один маркер Marker для столицы. Проблема в том, что модель Country содержит только строку String для столицы «capitalCity» (название города), а не координаты coordinates (широта latitude и долгота longitude), необходимые для маркера Marker. Я думаю, нам нужно будет уточнить, где получить эти координаты coordinates — предоставляет ли их API Всемирного банка или нам нужен другой источник?

Рассматриваем маркер Marker для столицы на карте Map

Модель Country имеет координату (широта latitude и долгота longitude) для центра страны, а свойство «capitalCity» — это просто строка String с названием города, а не координаты. Это означает, что мне нужно получить координаты для столицы, но API их не предоставляет. Вариант первый: я мог бы использовать geocode для названия столицы, хотя это асинхронно и требует вызова геокодирования geocode. Вариант второй: предположим, что столица является центром страны, но это может быть неточно. Последнее может потребовать добавления решения геокодирования, например CLGeocoder.

Геокодирование маркера Marker столицы

API Всемирного банка предоставляет название столицы capitalCity, но не ее координаты, поэтому геокодирование необходимо для получения ее положения, которое будет выполнено асинхронно. Если данные недоступны, я мог бы предположить, что столица находится в центре страны, хотя это не всегда точно. Для реализации я мог бы показать, как использовать CLGeocoder для получения координат столицы. В примере я предлагаю добавить переменную состояния capitalCoordinate и использовать .task для вызова геокодирования внутри View с резервным вариантом отображения маркера Marker центра страны , если геокодирование не удается или столица для данной страны отсутствует.

Ниже приведена обновленная версия CountryDetailView, которая добавляет второй маркер Marker для столицы страны country. В этом примере мы используем новый API карт Map iOS 17 с MapCameraPosition для управления камерой карты и добавляем два маркера:

  1. Маркер в центре страны (с широтой latitude /долготы longitude страны country) и

  2. Маркер для столицы. Поскольку API Всемирного банка предоставляет только название столицы capitalCity, мы используем CLGeocoder для асинхронного получения ее координат. (Обязательно импортируйте import CoreLocation.)

Если геокодирование столицы прошло успешно, маркер добавляется с меткой Label, указывающей название столицы.

Ниже приведен полный код:
import SwiftUI
import MapKit
import CoreLocation

struct CountryDetailView: View {
    let country: Country
    let population: Int?
    let gdp: Double?
    
    // Use MapCameraPosition to control the camera.
    @State private var position: MapCameraPosition
    // Will hold the capital city coordinate after geocoding.
    @State private var capitalCoordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D? = nil
    
    init(country: Country, population: Int?, gdp: Double?) {
        self.country = country
        self.population = population
        self.gdp = gdp
        
        // Convert the country's latitude/longitude (as Strings) to a coordinate.
        let lat = Double(country.latitude) ?? 0.0
        let lon = Double(country.longitude) ?? 0.0
        let center = CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: lat, longitude: lon)
        _position = State(initialValue:.region(MKCoordinateRegion( center: center, 
                    span: MKCoordinateSpan(latitudeDelta: 10, longitudeDelta: 10)
                )))
    }
    
    var body: some View {
        Form {
            Section(header: Text("General")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Flag:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.iso2Code.flagEmoji)
                        .font(.largeTitle)
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("Capital:")
                    Spacer()
                    Text(country.capitalCity)
                }
            }
            
            Section(header: Text("Indicators")) {
                HStack {
                    Text("Population:")
                    Spacer()
                    if let pop = population {
                        Text("\(pop)")
                    } else {
                        Text("N/A")
                    }
                }
                HStack {
                    Text("GDP (USD):")
                    Spacer()
                    if let gdp = gdp {
                        Text("\(gdp, specifier: "%.0f")")
                    } else {
                        Text("N/A")
                    }
                }
            }
            
            Section(header: Text("Map")) {
                // Use the new initializer that accepts a binding to MapCameraPosition.
                Map(position: $cameraPosition) {
                    // Marker for the country's center.
                   let lat = Double(country.latitude) ?? 0.0
                   let lon = Double(country.longitude) ?? 0.0
                  
                   // Marker for the country's center.
                   if country.capitalCity == "" {
                       Marker("\(country.name)", coordinate: 
                              CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: lat, longitude: lon))
                   }
                    
                    // If the capital city's coordinate is available, add a marker.
                    if let capitalCoordinate = capitalCoordinate {
                        Marker(coordinate: capitalCoordinate, position: .automatic) {
                            // Use a Label to indicate the capital city.
                            Label("Capital: \(country.capitalCity)", 
                                                       systemImage: "building.columns")
                        }
                    }
                }
                .frame(height: 300)
                .task {
                    await geocodeCapital()
                }
            }
        }
        .navigationTitle(country.name)
    }
    
    // Geocode the capital city name to obtain its coordinates.
     nonisolated func geocodeCapital() async {
        let geocoder = CLGeocoder()
        do {
            let placemarks = try await geocoder.geocodeAddressString(country.capitalCity)
            if let location = placemarks.first?.location {
               await MainActor.run {
                    capitalCoordinate = location.coordinate
               }
            }
        } catch {
            print("Error geocoding capital city: \(error)")
        }
    }
}

Объяснение

  • Map и Camera:

Мы инициализируем MapCameraPosition, используя широту latitude и долготу longitude страны country. Этот новый API iOS 17 позволяет нам управлять камерой через эту привязку.

  • Два маркера:

• Первый маркер Marker размещается в центре камеры (представляя координаты страны).

• Второй маркер Marker добавляется только в том случае, если координаты столицы coordinates получены с помощью геокодирования. Мы используем новый инициализатор маркера Marker, который принимает метку Label с параметром position: .automatic, чтобы позволить SwiftUI автоматически позиционировать маркер.

  • Геокодирование столицы:

В модификаторе .task в разделе Section карты Map мы вызываем geocodeCapital(). Эта функция использует CLGeocoder для асинхронного геокодирования названия столицы. В случае успеха она обновляет переменную состояния capitalCoordinate, что, в свою очередь, заставляет View добавлять маркер Marker.

Это решение использует новый API карт из iOS 17 (включая MapCameraPosition и Marker) и добавляет дополнительный маркер Marker для столицы. Удачного кодирования!

ad14d04c72ecaf1e594b4fcf953a14b4.png

запускай geocodeCapital() в фоновом режиме.

В результате мы получаем рассуждения, которые длятся 7 секунд:

Вот их перевод:

Запуск geocodeCapital() в фоновом режиме

Пользователь хочет запустить geocodeCapital() в фоновом потоке. Сейчас мы используем CLGeocoder с асинхронным API и начиная с iOS 16 доступен асинхронный метод geocodeAddressString.

Чтобы запустить geocodeCapital() в фоновом режиме, я мог бы обернуть его в Task.detached или пометить как nonisolated и вызвать его оттуда. Поскольку мы находимся в SwiftUI View, оно по умолчанию запускается на MainActor.

Запуск geocodeCapital() в фоновом режиме

Чтобы запустить geocodeCapital() в фоновом потоке, я хочу использовать Task.detached для асинхронной обработки работы геокодирования. Однако, поскольку мне нужно обновить capitalCoordinate, который является свойством @State, я должен убедиться, что обновление UI происходит на MainActor.

Итак, мой план — создать Task.detached для выполнения логики геокодирования, а затем использовать MainActor.run для обновления координат coordinate после получения результата. Но я буду осторожен с захватом self в Task.detached.

Ниже представлена ​​обновленная реализация вашей функции geocodeCapital(), которая запускает геокодирование в фоновом потоке с помощью Task.detached. В этой версии мы захватываем только необходимое значение (строку String capitalCity), чтобы Task.detached не захватывала self без необходимости. После завершения фоновой работы мы обновляем capitalCoordinate на MainActor.

код geocodeCapital():
func geocodeCapital() async {
    // Capture the capital city string so that the detached task doesn't capture self.
    let capitalCity = country.capitalCity
    
    let coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D? = await Task.detached { [capitalCity] in
        let geocoder = CLGeocoder()
        do {
            let placemarks = try await geocoder.geocodeAddressString(capitalCity)
            return placemarks.first?.location?.coordinate
        } catch {
            print("Error geocoding capital city: \(error)")
            return nil
        }
    }.value

    if let coordinate = coordinate {
        await MainActor.run {
            self.capitalCoordinate = coordinate
        }
    }
}

Версия 9. Запускаем приложение - Получаем результат:

d645539d63b8a9fe00043769d7dcd49c.gif

Заключение

ChatGPT o3-mini на настоящий момент является лучшим ИИ для iOS разработки.

В предложенной задаче разработки iOS приложения Countries он:

  1. Без каких либо проблем справился с декодированием JSON данных

  2. Использовал современную async / await систему работы с многопоточностью

  3. Предложил несколько вариантов перехода на Swift 6 strict concurrency с помощью @MainActor и маркировки функций выборки как nonisolated или использования Task.detached.

  4. Сначала предложил старый Map API с Map (coordinateRegion: $region, annotationItems: [country]) и MapMaker, но после получения соответствующих предупреждений перешел на новый API c Map (position: $position) и Maker.

  5. Использовал CLGeocoder() для получения более точных географических координат столицы страны и Task.detached для запуска в фоновом режиме.

  6. Рассуждения краткие, по делу и длятся от 1 до 25 секунд, среднее время 8 секунд.

  7. Могу рекомендовать в качестве обучающего материала для iOS разработчиков.

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  • 07.07.26 18:00 robertalfred175

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  • 18.07.26 23:51 bernalzenaida

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  • 19.07.26 19:53 kimberlyhebertt6877

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  • 19.07.26 19:53 kimberlyhebertt6877

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  • 19.07.26 19:54 kimberlyhebertt6877

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  • 30.07.26 00:04 Ahmed

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  • 04.08.26 11:05 Kisnoles

    Excellent analysis, thank you. I was particularly struck by how rigidly the skill sets the order: data processing and form come first, with color coming last. This really cures the habit of "first a pretty palette, then we'll figure it out." A palette validator using OKLCH + color blindness + WCAG is something most chart generators lack. And regarding the boundaries of competence, it's very clear. Where there's a self-checking loop (color), you delegate freely. Where there's a heuristic (form, data interpretation), you remain the final filter. This is a universal principle, not just for /dataviz. By the way, when you look at trading dashboards (including those of decent platforms like ExpertOption), it's immediately clear who thought about readability and who just threw in rainbow lines. Tools like this skill could greatly improve the quality of analytics. Thanks again for the detailed analysis – saved.

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  • 23.08.26 20:02 leslieyee

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  • 02.09.26 03:43 kimberlyhebertt6877

    I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] WhatsApp/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684

  • 04.09.26 21:51 Kovengray

    Recovering your lost investment funds as the case might be, is not what you can do alone, you’d require the service of a trained recovery specialist. A recovery specialist is a person or a group of people who are well equipped to work around the brokerage network. They have vast knowledge about the whole network and have the right software and private keys to follow any transaction. I was ripped off trading online to an investment broker, good thing I got every penny back through the help of Gavin ray he’s a genius Contact : Gavinray78 at gmail com or WhatsApp +1 352 322 2096 It is also important to be patient and really calm during the process.

  • 05.09.26 21:38 [email protected]

    I invested 45,000  Euro, and later aggreviated to 198,000 Euro.  I requested  to place ‎Withdrawal of my funds to be paid to my Bank account. But nothing happened I was subjected to pay more fee until I can get my funds on my account, i got in touch with Theodore ryan here on this platform who had helped a lot of people, I followed all instructions and he legally got back my withheld funds, I got threatened by the company that if I don’t pay they will get my account frozen, all thanks to Theodore ryan and I highly recommend him to anyone dealing with an unregulated broker company… contact him on his Gmail - theodoreryan318@  gmail .  com

  • 09.09.26 21:31 lisawerth897

    My Experience With Cryptocurrency — CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER I lost over $82,000 in Bitcoin after falling victim to a fraudulent online investment scheme. After realizing I had been scammed, I spent considerable time researching possible ways to recover my funds. During my research, I came across CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER and decided to contact them after reading their reported success record and encouraging client positive reviews and testimonials. Their team guided me through the recovery process, and I was grateful to successfully recover my lost cryptocurrency. The experience was challenging, but I appreciated the assistance and support I received throughout the process. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it may encourage other victims to carefully research their options and verify any recovery service before proceeding. I will forever be thankful to you CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER 📧 [email protected] 🌐 Website: recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 📧 [email protected] 📞 Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684

  • 09.09.26 21:31 lisawerth897

    My Experience With Cryptocurrency — CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER I lost over $82,000 in Bitcoin after falling victim to a fraudulent online investment scheme. After realizing I had been scammed, I spent considerable time researching possible ways to recover my funds. During my research, I came across CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER and decided to contact them after reading their reported success record and encouraging client positive reviews and testimonials. Their team guided me through the recovery process, and I was grateful to successfully recover my lost cryptocurrency. The experience was challenging, but I appreciated the assistance and support I received throughout the process. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it may encourage other victims to carefully research their options and verify any recovery service before proceeding. I will forever be thankful to you CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER 📧 [email protected] 🌐 Website: recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 📧 [email protected] 📞 Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684

  • 09.09.26 23:22 Fraddy Pual

    Hearing that these individuals are focusing on other people makes me very sad. I had a similar situation with them and lost a lot of money, but after learning about (Cruxcipherteam @ proton DoT me), whataqq:+168160-15021, telegram: @Cruxcipherteam I was able to get my money back. It's critical that we all be watchful and keep reporting these occurrences.

  • 11.09.26 03:23 kimberlyhebertt6877

    I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] WhatsApp/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684

  • 11.09.26 03:23 kimberlyhebertt6877

    I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] WhatsApp/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684

  • 15.09.26 03:35 elioduncan

    I fell victim to a freelance web development contract scam that ultimately cost me CAD 4,000. It all started when I came across a job posting on Indeed Canada, a popular online job portal. The position seemed perfect: a freelance web developer role for an established company looking for someone to design and build a fully functional e-commerce website. The job promised a high payment of CAD 20,000 upon successful completion, which sounded like a great opportunity for me to gain experience and earn decent pay.The employer, who introduced himself as a project manager from a "well-known" tech company, was very persuasive and professional in our initial communication. He explained that the project involved developing a user-friendly, responsive online store for their client and that they had a strict timeline to meet. He assured me that the payment would be made promptly after completing the tasks. However, before starting the work, he told me that I would need to pay an upfront fee of CAD 4,000 to cover certain software tools and licensing fees required for the project. This was supposedly a part of their company policy for freelance contractors, ensuring access to their premium resources. The idea of working on a professional project, coupled with the promise of a substantial payout, convinced me to pay the upfront fee.As soon as I made the payment, the project manager became increasingly difficult to reach. He initially responded to my emails and provided some vague instructions on what the project would entail, but as time went on, communication slowed to a complete halt. I never received the required tools or any proper project details. My emails went unanswered, and any attempts to contact the company were met with silence. After waiting for weeks, I realized that I had been scammed.Desperate to recover my money, I turned to TechY Force Cyber Retrieval, a service that specializes in helping victims of online scams. They helped me track the payment and took legal steps to pursue the fraudsters. Through their guidance, I was able to recover the full CAD 4,000. TechY Force Cyber Retrieval worked with my bank to reverse the transaction and liaised with the authorities to trace the scammer's details.This was a hard lesson, and I now know to be highly cautious about online job offers that require upfront payments. It is crucial to research companies thoroughly and avoid any job that seems too good to be true, especially when it involves paying money upfront. WhatsApp https://wa.link/2x6ktp Mail. [email protected]

  • 15.09.26 15:45 lydiassmith567

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  • 15.09.26 15:45 lydiassmith567

    HIRE A HACKER YOUR STOLEN CRYPTO RECOVERY / BTC / USDT / ETH WITH THE HELP OF CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER. I want to share my experience publicly regarding cryptocurrency wallet recovery, I highly recommend you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER, a professional private investigator in the Bitcoin world. They have a certified expert security team specializing in Bitcoin Recovery Services and have helped many people worldwide recover their lost funds. My wife and I were defrauded by an online manipulator posing as an experienced crypto investment professional. We lost $9.2 Million Stolen BTC in cryptocurrency and were left feeling homeless. After spending hours searching for a reliable crypto recovery service, I discovered CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER online. By patiently explaining my situation to their team, I was able to recover all my funds. Remarkably, my money was returned to my wallet in less than 24 hours. I am extremely grateful to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER for their excellent assistance—they truly were a godsend in my difficult situation. If you have fallen victim to a cryptocurrency scam, you can reach CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER through the following channels Email: [email protected] OR Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

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