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Н Новости

[Перевод] С новым годом: GPT в 500 строках на SQL

В минувшем году все только и говорили об ИИ и о том, как он может всё за вас сделать.

Мне нравится, когда кто-то или что-то работает за меня. Поэтому решил: попрошу-ка ChatGPT написать за меня новогодний пост:

"Эй, ChatGPT. А ты можешь реализовать большую языковую модель на SQL?"
"Нет, SQL не подходит для реализации больших языковых моделей. Язык SQL предназначен для выполнения запросов к данным, хранящимся в РСУБД и для управления этими запросами. Для реализации большой языковой модели требуются сложные алгоритмы, обширные датасеты, а зачастую – и фреймворки для глубокого обучения. SQL всеми этими возможностями не обладает."

Что ж, лишний раз убеждаешься, что, если хочешь что-то сделать хорошо – сделай это сам.

Давайте же воодушевимся этим оптимистическим планом и реализуем большую языковую модель на языке SQL.

Теория

Готовя этот пост, я вдохновлялся чудесной статьёй GPT in 60 Lines of NumPy, которую написал Джей Моди. В этой статье объяснено внутреннее устройство модели GPT, причём, это сделано гораздо лучше, чем могло бы получиться у меня. Поэтому для порядка вкратце напомню контекст.

Что представляет собой генеративная большая языковая модель с технической точки зрения?

Генеративная LLM – это функция. Она принимает на ввод текстовую последовательность символов (в терминологии ИИ она называется «промпт») и возвращает массив строк и чисел. Вот какова сигнатура этой функции:

llm(prompt: str) -> list[tuple[str, float]]

Это детерминированная функция. У неё под капотом выполняется серьёзная математика, но вся эта математика жёстко вшита в систему. Если вы будете многократно сообщать этой функции один и тот же ввод, то всякий раз будете получать от неё один и тот же вывод.

Тем, кому доводилось пользоваться ChatGPT и подобными продуктами, это может показаться удивительным, ведь система может давать разные ответы на один и тот же вопрос. Да, всё верно. Чуть ниже объясню, как это устроено.

Что за значения возвращает эта функция?

Нечто подобное:

	llm("I wish you a happy New")
 
0       (' Year', 0.967553)
1       (' Years', 0.018199688)
2       (' year', 0.003573329)
3       (' York', 0.003114716)
4       (' New', 0.0009022804)
…
50252   (' carbohyd', 2.3950911e-15)
50253   (' volunte', 2.2590102e-15)
50254   ('pmwiki', 1.369229e-15)
50255   (' proport', 1.1198108e-15)
50256   (' cumbers', 7.568147e-17)

Она возвращает массив кортежей. Каждый кортеж состоит из слова (скорее, строки) и числа. Число — это вероятность, с которой данное слово может оказаться промпте на следующей позиции. Модель «думает», что за фразой «I wish you a happy New…» («Поздравляю тебя с Новым…») с вероятностью 96,7% последует строка «Year» (…годом) – и так далее.

Слово «думает» выше поставлено в кавычках, так как, естественно, модель ни о чём не думает. Она механически возвращает массивы слов и чисел в соответствии с некоторой жёстко прописанной внутренней логикой.

Если эта система такая топорная и детерминированная, как же ей удаётся генерировать разные тексты?

Большие языковые модели используются в текстовых приложениях (чатботы, генераторы контента, кодинг-ассистенты, т.д.). Эти приложения раз за разом вызывают модель и выбирают подсказанное ею слово (с некоторой степенью произвольности). Последнее предложенное слово добавляется к промпту, и модель вызывается снова. Этот цикл продолжается до тех пор, пока не будет сгенерировано достаточное количество слов.

Накопленная таким образом последовательность слов выглядит как текст на естественном языке, с полноценной грамматикой, синтаксисом и даже мнимыми признаками интеллекта и логики. В данном отношении языковые модели подобны марковским цепям, работающим по такому же принципу.

На внутреннем уровне большая языковая модель устроена так, что каждое последующее предлагаемое слово естественным образом продолжало промпт, с учётом имеющейся грамматики, семантики и тональности. Оснастить функцию такой логикой стало возможно благодаря целой серии научных прорывов (и каторжной работе программистов). Удалось разработать целое семейство алгоритмов под названием GPT или «генеративные предобученные трансформеры».

Что такое "генеративный предобученный трансформер"

«Генеративный» означает, что алгоритм генерирует текст (рекурсивно достраивая продолжения к промпту как было показано выше).

«Трансформер» означает, что алгоритм использует конкретный тип нейронной сети. Сеть-трансформер была разработана компанией Google и описана в этой статье.

Термин «предобученный» требует небольшого исторического экскурса. Изначально считалось, что способность модели достраивать текст – это всего лишь предпосылка для получения более глубоких логических выводов в рамках специализированных задач (нужно улавливать логическую связь между фразами), классификации (например, угадать, сколько звёзд у отеля, проанализировав отзывы постояльцев), машинного перевода и т.д. Считалось, что две эти части алгоритма требуется обучать отдельно, и языковая часть позиционировалась как предобучение, подготовка к последующему обучению решать реальную задачу.

Как сформулировано в исходной статье по GPT:

Продемонстрировано, что возможно добиться больших успехов при решении таких задач путём генеративного предобучения языковой модели на разнородном корпусе неразмеченного текста с последующей тонкой настройкой различных параметров для различных слоёв сети (discriminative fine-tuning) в контексте каждой конкретной задачи.

Такие представления сохранялись до тех пор, пока не стало понятно, что для достаточно большой модели второй шаг зачастую излишен. Модель-трансформер, обученная исключительно генерации текстов, оказалась в состоянии без дополнительного обучения следовать человеческим инструкциям, содержащимся в этих текстах. Таким образом, не требовалось никакой дополнительной тонкой настройки.

Итак, с этими вопросами мы разобрались. Теперь давайте сосредоточимся на реализации.

Генерация

Вот что происходит, если мы пытаемся сгенерировать текст на основе промпта при помощи GPT2:

def generate(prompt: str) -> str:
  # Преобразует строку в список токенов.
  tokens = tokenize(prompt) # tokenize(prompt: str) -> list[int]
 
  while True:
 
    # Выполняет алгоритм.
    # Возвращает вероятностные значения для токенов: список из 50257 чисел с плавающей точкой, в сумме дающих 1.
    candidates = gpt2(tokens) # gpt2(tokens: list[int]) -> list[float]
 
    # Выбирает следующий токен из списка предложенных 
    next_token = select_next_token(candidates)
    # select_next_token(candidates: list[float]) -> int
 
    # Прикрепляет его к списку токенов
    tokens.append(next_token)
 
    # Решаем, хотим ли мы прекратить генерацию.
    # Здесь может быть счётчик токенов, задержка, стоп-слово или что-то ещё.
    if should_stop_generating():
      break
 
  # Преобразует список токенов в строку
  completion = detokenize(tokens) # detokenize(tokens: list[int]) -> str
  return completion

Давайте реализуем все эти элементы один за другим на языке SQL.

Токенизатор

Прежде, чем текст можно будет скормить нейронке, его требуется преобразовать в список чисел. Конечно, нас это не удивляет: именно такие задачи решаются при помощи текстовых кодировок вроде Unicode. Но обычный Unicode не слишком хорошо работает с нейронными сетями.

В сущности, нейронные сети построены на обширном перемножении матриц, и вся прогностическая сила нейронных сетей заключена в коэффициентах этих матриц. Некоторые из таких матриц содержат по строке на каждое из возможных значений в «алфавите», в других предусмотрено по строке на «символ».

В этом контексте смысл терминов «алфавит» и «символ» требуется пояснить. В Unicode длина «алфавита» составляет 149186 символов (именно столько отдельных точек Unicode существует на момент подготовки этой статьи), а в качестве «символа» может выступать, например: ﷽ (да, это одиночная точка Unicode, номер 65021, она соответствует целой фразе на арабском языке, особенно важной для мусульман). Отмечу, что эту фразу можно было бы записать и обычной арабской вязью. Таким образом, одному тексту может соответствовать несколько вариантов кодировки.

Давайте разберём эту ситуацию на примере слова "PostgreSQL". Если бы мы попытались закодировать её (преобразовать в массив чисел) при помощи Unicode, то у нас получилось бы 10 чисел, которые могли бы находиться в диапазоне от 1 до 149186. Таким образом, в нашей нейронной сети требовалось бы хранить матрицу из 149186 строк и совершить ряд вычислений над 10 строками из этой матрицы. Некоторые из этих строк (соответствующие буквам латиницы) использовались бы особенно часто, и в них было бы заключено много информации. Другие символы, например, смайлик какашки и таинственные символы из мёртвых языков едва ли вообще хоть раз использовались, но и на их хранение требуется место.

Естественно, мы хотим, чтобы оба эти числа, и длина «алфавита», и количество «символов» оставались как можно меньше. В идеале «символы» нашего алфавита должны быть распределены равномерно, а ещё мы по-прежнему хотим, чтобы наша кодировка не уступала по мощности Unicode.

Интуитивно понятно, что это можно сделать, присвоив уникальные номера тем последовательностям слов, которые часто встречаются в обрабатываемых нами текстах. В Unicode вышеупомянутая религиозная арабская фраза может быть закодирована либо как один кодовый символ, либо буква за буквой. Поскольку мы выкатываем нашу собственную кодировку, точно так же мы можем поступать с теми словами и фразами, которые важны в рамках нашей модели (например, они часто встречаются в текстах).

Например, можно было бы выделить конкретные числа для строк "Post", "greSQL" и "ing". Таким образом, оба слова "PostgreSQL" и "Posting" в нашем представлении будут иметь длину по 2. Конечно же, мы стремимся закреплять отдельные кодовые символы для более конкретных последовательностей и отдельных байт. Даже натыкаясь на тарабарщину или на иноязычный текст, такую информацию всё равно удастся закодировать, хотя, на это и потребуется больше времени.

В GPT2 используется вариант алгоритма под названием кодирование диадами (Byte Pair Encoding), предназначенный специально для этой цели. Токенизатор GPT2 использует словарь из 50257 кодовых точек (в терминологии ИИ — «токенов»), которые соответствуют различным последовательностям байт в UTF-8 (плюс отдельный токен, означающий «конец текста»).

Этот словарь мы собрали путём статистического анализа, выполненного таким образом:

1. Начинаем с простой кодировки из 256 токенов: по токену за байт.

2. Берём большой корпус текстов (предпочтительно именно тот, на котором будет обучаться модель).

3. Кодируем его.

4. Вычисляем, какая пара токенов встречается чаще всего. Пусть это будет 0x20 0x74 (пробел, за которым следует строчная "t").

5. Присваиваем следующее доступное значение (257) этой паре байт.

6. Повторяем шаги 3-5, теперь обращая внимание на последовательности байт. Если последовательность байт можно закодировать сложным токеном, то используем сложный токен. При явных неоднозначностях (например, "abc" может в одном случае быть закодировано как "a" + "bc" или как "ab" + "c"), то пользуйтесь той, номер которой меньше (это означает, что она была добавлена раньше и, следовательно, встречается чаще). Это нужно делать рекурсивно, пока все последовательности, которые можно сложить в один токен, будут сложены в один токен.

7. Выполним такое «складывание» 50000 раз подряд.

Число 50000 выбрано разработчиками более или менее произвольно. В других моделях количество токенов также держится в подобном диапазоне (от 30k до 100k).

На каждой итерации данного алгоритма в словарь будет добавляться новый токен, получаемый конкатенацией двух предыдущих. В конечном итоге получим 50256 токенов. Добавляем токен с фиксированным номером, означающий «конец текста» - и всё готово.

В версии алгоритма BTE для GPT2 есть ещё один уровень кодировки: в словаре токенов эти токены отображаются на строки, а не на массивы байт. Отображение с байт на строковые символы определяется в этой функции. Тот словарь, который она производит, находится в таблице encoder.

Рассмотрим, как реализовать токенизатор на SQL.

Данный токенизатор – неотъемлемая часть GPT2, и словарь токенов можно скачать с сайта OpenAI, равно как и оставшуюся часть модели. Нам понадобится импортировать её в таблицу tokenizer. В самом конце этого поста вы найдёте ссылку на репозиторий с кодом. Этот код автоматизирует заполнение таблиц базы данных, необходимых для работы с моделью.

В рамках рекурсивного подхода CTE разбиваем слово на токены (начиная с единичных байт) и объединяем наилучшие смежные пары, пока больше материала для объединения не останется. Само объединение происходит по принципу вложенного рекурсивного CTE.

Для примера я выбрал слово «Mississippilessly». Каждая запись в наборе результатов соответствует наилучшей найденной к данному моменту паре, которую можно «сложить», а также прогресс в обработке запроса.

WITH    RECURSIVE
        bpe AS
        (
        SELECT  (n + 1)::BIGINT AS position, character, TRUE AS continue, 1 AS step,
                NULL::INT AS token, NULL::TEXT AS combined
        FROM    CONVERT_TO('Mississippilessly', 'UTF-8') AS bytes
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                GENERATE_SERIES(0, LENGTH(bytes) - 1) AS n
        JOIN    encoder
        ON      byte = GET_BYTE(bytes, n)
        UNION ALL
        (
        WITH    RECURSIVE
                base AS
                (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    bpe
                WHERE   continue
                ),
                bn AS
                (
                SELECT  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY position) AS position,
                        continue,
                        character,
                        character || LEAD(character) OVER (ORDER BY position) AS cluster
                FROM    base
                ),
                top_rank AS
                (
                SELECT  tokenizer.*
                FROM    bn
                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    tokenizer
                        WHERE   tokenizer.cluster = bn.cluster
                        LIMIT   1
                        ) tokenizer
                ORDER BY
                        token
                LIMIT   1
                ),
                breaks AS
                (
                SELECT  0::BIGINT AS position, 1 AS length
                UNION ALL
                SELECT  bn.position,
                        CASE WHEN token IS NULL THEN 1 ELSE 2 END
                FROM    breaks
                JOIN    bn
                ON      bn.position = breaks.position + length
                LEFT JOIN
                        top_rank
                USING   (cluster)
                )
        SELECT  position, character, token IS NOT NULL,
                (SELECT step + 1 FROM base LIMIT 1), token, top_rank.cluster
        FROM    breaks
        LEFT JOIN
                top_rank
        ON      1 = 1
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  STRING_AGG(character, '' ORDER BY position) AS character
                FROM    bn
                WHERE   bn.position >= breaks.position
                        AND bn.position < breaks.position + length
                ) bn
        WHERE   position > 0
        )
        )
SELECT  step, MAX(token) AS token, MAX(combined) AS combined, ARRAY_AGG(character ORDER BY position)
FROM    bpe
WHERE   continue
GROUP BY
        step
ORDER BY
        step
9afef708330d99752ee4da59fe3fceaf.png

На каждом шаге алгоритм BPE находит пару токенов, наиболее подходящую для слияния, и объединяет их (здесь в выводе вы видите такую слитую пару и ее ранг). При помощи такой процедуры размер пространства токенов можно сократить с 150k, присущих Unicode, до 50k, а количество токенов в данном конкретном слове с 17 до 5. В обоих случаях это отличное улучшение.

Когда приходится работать с множеством слов, токенизатор сначала разбивает текст на отдельные слова при помощи этого регулярного выражения и объединяет токены в каждом слове отдельно. К сожалению, при работе с PostgreSQL свойства символов Unicode не поддерживаются на уровне регулярных выражений, поэтому мне пришлось немного отладить систему (возможно, в процессе я угробил нормальную поддержку Unicode). Вот как результат выглядит в SQL:

WITH    input AS
        (
        SELECT  'PostgreSQL is great' AS prompt
        ),
        clusters AS
        (
        SELECT  part_position, bpe.*
        FROM    input
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                REGEXP_MATCHES(prompt, '''s|''t|''re|''ve|''m|''ll|''d| ?\w+| ?\d+| ?[^\s\w\d]+|\s+(?!\S)|\s+', 'g') WITH ORDINALITY AS rm (part, part_position)
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                WITH    RECURSIVE
                        bpe AS
                        (
                        SELECT  (n + 1)::BIGINT AS position, character, TRUE AS continue
                        FROM    CONVERT_TO(part[1], 'UTF-8') AS bytes
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                GENERATE_SERIES(0, LENGTH(bytes) - 1) AS n
                        JOIN    encoder
                        ON      byte = GET_BYTE(bytes, n)
                        UNION ALL
                        (
                        WITH    RECURSIVE
                                base AS
                                (
                                SELECT  *
                                FROM    bpe
                                WHERE   continue
                                ),
                                bn AS
                                (
                                SELECT  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY position) AS position,
                                        continue,
                                        character,
                                        character || LEAD(character) OVER (ORDER BY position) AS cluster
                                FROM    base
                                ),
                                top_rank AS
                                (
                                SELECT  tokenizer.*
                                FROM    bn
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    tokenizer
                                        WHERE   tokenizer.cluster = bn.cluster
                                        LIMIT   1
                                        ) tokenizer
                                ORDER BY
                                        token
                                LIMIT   1
                                ),
                                breaks AS
                                (
                                SELECT  0::BIGINT AS position, 1 AS length
                                UNION ALL
                                SELECT  bn.position,
                                        CASE WHEN token IS NULL THEN 1 ELSE 2 END
                                FROM    breaks
                                JOIN    bn
                                ON      bn.position = breaks.position + length
                                LEFT JOIN
                                        top_rank
                                USING   (cluster)
                                )
                        SELECT  position, character, token IS NOT NULL
                        FROM    breaks
                        LEFT JOIN
                                top_rank
                        ON      1 = 1
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                SELECT  STRING_AGG(character, '' ORDER BY position) AS character
                                FROM    bn
                                WHERE   bn.position >= breaks.position
                                        AND bn.position < breaks.position + length
                                ) bn
                        WHERE   position > 0
                        )
                        )
                SELECT  position, character AS cluster
                FROM    bpe
                WHERE   NOT continue
                ) bpe
        ),
        tokens AS
        (
        SELECT  token, cluster
        FROM    clusters
        JOIN    tokenizer
        USING   (cluster)
        )
SELECT  *
FROM    tokens
05c9a2cc7365cf2c4798ffb6c884c433.png

Странный символ Ġ соответствует пробелу.

Этот запрос токенизирует промпт и преобразует его в массив чисел. Вот промпт и готов к долгому пути сквозь слои модели.

Векторные представления

Токены - это представления единиц естественного языка (в целом, примерно 0,75 слова на токен), поэтому любая модель, претендующая на успешное автозавершение текстов, должна каким-то образом кодировать отношения между этими единицами. Даже в изоляции части речи обладают наборами ортогональных свойств.

Возьмём, к примеру, слово «subpoena» (повестка) – оказывается, в токенизаторе GPT2 на него отведён целый токен. С точки зрения английского языка – это существительное? Да, бесспорно. А глагол? Да, и глаголом может быть. А прилагательным? Уже не очень, но, в принципе, контекст придумать можно. Это канцелярит? Чёрт возьми, ещё какой. И так далее.

Все эти свойства ортогональны, то есть, не зависят друг от друга. Слово может быть официозным существительным, но не глаголом и не прилагательным. В английском возможны любые сочетания этих признаков.

Сущности с ортогональными свойствами лучше всего кодируются в виде векторных представлений. Пусть у нас будет не единственное свойство (например, номер), а много. При желании мы можем крутить ими как захотим. Например, фраза «В судебном решении, которое процитировал адвокат, фигурирует…» с высокой вероятностью продолжается каким-то существительным, которое, не менее вероятно, стилистически относится к канцеляриту. Нас совершенно не интересует, есть ли у этого слова маргинальная семантика «глагол», либо «прилагательное», либо «цветок».

В математике отображение сравнительно узких значений на более широкие пространства (например, ID токенов на векторы) называется векторным представлением. Именно этим мы здесь и занимаемся.

Как решить, какие именно свойства окажутся представлены в этих векторах? А мы не будем. Мы просто предоставим достаточно векторного пространства для каждого токена и понадеемся, что модель на этапе обучения получит достаточно информации, чтобы заполнить все эти измерения осмысленным содержимым. В GPT2 под векторы отводится 768 измерений. Заранее (и, на самом деле, даже в ретроспективе) не известно, какое свойство слова будет закодировано, например, в измерении 247. Определённо, что-то закодировано там будет, но что именно – сказать сложно.

Какие свойства каждого из токенов мы внедрим в векторное пространство? Любые, которые помогут нам спрогнозировать, каков будет следующий токен.

ID токена? Естественно. Разные токены означают разные вещи.

Позиция токена в тексте? Да, пожалуйста. «Сине-фиолетовый» и «фиолетово-синий» — не одно и то же.

Взаимные отношения токенов? Естественно! Это, пожалуй, наиважнейшая часть задачи, и блок внимания (Attention) в архитектуре трансформера как раз впервые позволил решить эту часть задачи правильно.

Токены и позиции легко поддаются векторному представлению. Допустим, есть фраза «PostgreSQL is great», о которой заранее известно, что она отображается на четыре токена: [6307, 47701, 318, 1049].

Среди прочих параметров GPT2 есть две матрицы, называющиеся WTE (векторное представление лексических токенов) и WPE (векторное представление позиций слов). Как понятно из названия, в первом хранятся векторные представления токенов, а во втором – векторные представления их позиций. Конкретные значения, которыми окажутся заполнены эти представления, набираются в результате обучения модели, в данном случае GPT2. Насколько известно, в таблицах баз данных wte и wpe есть константы. Размер

WTE равен 50257×768, а размер WPE равен 1024×768. Второе означает, что в GPT2 можно использовать промпт, состоящий не более чем из 1024 токенов. Если записать в промпт больше токенов, мы просто не сможем вытянуть для токенов сверх 1024 их позиционные представления. Это архитектурный аспект (в терминологии ИИ – «гиперпараметр») модели, устанавливаемый на этапе её проектирования, и обучением его изменить невозможно. Когда говорят о «контекстном окне» большой языковой модели, имеют в виду именно это число.

Токен 6307 стоит у нас на месте 0, токен 47701 на месте 1, токен 318 на месте 2, а токен 1049 на месте 3. Для каждого из этих токенов и их позиций у нас по два вектора: один из WTE и один из WPE. Их требуется сложить. В результате получатся четыре вектора, которые послужат вводом для следующей части алгоритма: так работает нейронная сеть прямого распространения, в которой действует механизм внимания.

Для работы с SQL мы воспользуемся pgvector, это расширение PostgreSQL.

Небольшая оговорка: код для этого поста я пишу на обычном SQL, иногда вставляю чистые SQL-функции в качестве вспомогательных элементов. В рамках этого поста осуществить такое не составит труда, равно как определить векторные операции над массивами. Это делается за счёт небольшого снижения производительности (и уже было реализовано в версии 1 и работало, пусть и медленно). С распространением ИИ и ростом влияния векторных баз данных pgvector или эквивалентный механизм определённо укоренится в ядре PostgreSQL в течение двух-трёх релизов. Я просто решил оседлать волну, которая принесёт меня в будущее.

Вот как это делается в SQL:

WITH    embeddings AS
        (
        SELECT  place, values
        FROM    UNNEST(ARRAY[6307, 47701, 318, 1049]) WITH ORDINALITY AS tokens (token, ordinality)
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  ordinality - 1 AS place
                ) o
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  wte.values + wpe.values AS values
                FROM    wte
                CROSS JOIN
                        wpe
                WHERE   wte.token = tokens.token
                        AND wpe.place = o.place
                ) embedding
        )
SELECT  place, (values::REAL[])[0:5]
FROM    embeddings
2eb33d41dc02c972da3f448c339b4366.png

(Чтобы вывод был короче, в этом запросе показаны только первые 5 измерений для каждого вектора).

Внимание

Та часть трансформерной архитектуры, благодаря которой она действительно феерит, называется «механизм внутреннего внимания» (self-attention). Он был впервые описан в 2017 году в статье «Attention is all you need» под авторством Васмани и др. Пожалуй, это наиизвестнейшая статья об искусственном интеллекте, и с тех пор её название превратилось в болванку (клише для именования других статей).

Итак, вероятно, к настоящему моменту у нас уже есть несколько векторов, в которых закодированы определённые синтаксические и семантические свойства слов, содержащихся в нашем промпте. Нам каким-то образом нужно донести эти свойства до последнего вектора. Сейчас будет небольшой спойлер: именно в последнем векторе будет храниться представление того слова, которым продолжится фраза.

Во фразе вида a «I looked at the violet and saw that it was not the usual …» (я взглянул на лиловое пятно и заметил, что это не обычный…), на месте многоточия должно быть что-то, увиденное вами (об этом свидетельствует слово «saw»), обладающее свойством «лиловости» и при этом «необычное» (сочетаем токены «не» и «обычный», тем самым меняя знак измерения «обычность» на противоположный). Можно привести такую реалистичную аналогию: человек читает книгу на иностранном языке, о котором имеет некоторое представление, но свободно им не владеет. В таком случае человеку придётся аккуратно сплетать каждое слово со следующим, и, если он не обратит внимания на ключевую часть фразы, то всю фразу поймёт неправильно.

Чтобы обеспечить такой перенос значения от одного токена к другому, требуется разрешить векторам всех токенов влиять друг на друга. Так, возвращаясь к английскому: если мы хотим наполнить слово «it» конкретной семантикой, то какая часть семантики должна поступить от предыдущих векторов в промпте, а какая – остаться от самого слова «it»?

В данной модели эта задача решается при помощи 12 наборов матриц, именуемых Q (запрос), K (ключ) и V (значение). В каждой из них по 64 столбца. Их мы получаем из векторных представлений через 768×2304-мерное линейное преобразование c_attn, веса и смещения которого хранятся в таблицах c_attn_w и c_attn_b.

Результатом c_attn является матрица со n_token строк и 2304 столбцами (3×12×64). Она состоит из 12 Q-матриц, 12 K-матриц и 12 V-матриц, упорядоченных горизонтально именно в таком порядке.

Каждый набор, состоящий из Q, K и V, называется «головой». С их помощью выполняется шаг под названием «многоголовое условное внутреннее внимание», на котором вычисляется функция внимания.

Она вычисляется по этой формуле:

b7a3f0ee8816d3c95951491a32765034.png

где softmax – это функция нормализации весов. Она определяется так:

f63cb8d1f794504cc4a9512b4ba3ef4b.png

M - это матрица-константа, именуемая «условной маской». Она определяется так:

6663f6f6cf9689a78b9b50a827fe4b53.png

Функция Softmax обнуляет все отрицательные бесконечности.

Почему необходимо использовать маски?

В промпте из предыдущего примера было 4 токена, и модель первым делом вычисляла 4 векторных представления для 4 этих токенов. По мере дальнейшей работы модели над этими векторами будет выполнено много вычислений, но в основном они пойдут независимо и параллельно. Изменения в одном векторе не затронут другие векторы, как если бы иных векторов не существовало. Векторы влияют друг на друга только в пределах блока внутреннего внимания.

Как только модель справится с математикой, претенденты на роль следующего токена будут выбираться исключительно исходя из последнего векторного представления. Вся информация должна направляться именно к этому последнему вектору, а не прочь от него. Временные значения последнего вектора не должны влиять на временные значения предыдущих векторов, использовавшихся в ходе прямого распространения по данной модели.

Именно поэтому мы «маскируем» позднейшие векторы, чтобы они не влияли на более ранние через этот конкретный канал. В этом и заключается условность «многоголового условного внутреннего внимания».

Почему матрицы называются "запрос", "ключ" и "значение"?

Честно говоря, даже не уверен, что это хорошая аналогия. Но, тем не менее, попытаюсь объяснить, какова логика таких названий.

Как правило, в машинном обучении при вычислениях не должны использоваться циклы переменной длины или ветвление инструкций. Все задачи должны решаться компоновкой простых аналитических функций (сложение, умножение, возведение в степень, логарифмы и тригонометрия). Так обеспечивается обратное распространение для эффективной реализации которого требуются такие технологии, как автоматическое дифференцирование.

Математическая модель хранилища ключей и значений заключена в таком выражении:

de4db9304ce9fe7850fa07f4aa82a4db.png

Но это не гладкая дифференцируемая функция, и с обратным распространением она работать не будет. Чтобы формула работала, необходимо получить гладкую функцию, которая была бы близка к v, когда k близка к q, и близка к 0 в иных случаях.

Для этой цели отлично подходит Гауссово распределение («колоколообразная кривая») "bell curve"), отмасштабированная к v с ожиданием k и достаточно небольшим стандартным отклонением:

cb7ce72dab8bcafebcd14cf861b908a2.png

где σ - произвольный параметр, определяющий, насколько «остра» колоколообразная кривая.

Если взять в векторном пространстве с достаточно большим количеством измерений фиксированный вектор K и несколько векторов Q, которые случайным и равномерным образом отклоняются от K в каждом из измерений, то их скалярные произведения сложатся именно в колоколообразную кривую. Соответственно, в векторном пространстве «дифференцируемое хранилище ключей и значений» можно смоделировать при помощи выражения

673f867f6aacaf8ba018b96d5399f9e2.png

того самого, которым мы пользовались в нашей функции внимания.

Опять же, эта аналогия немного натянута. Лучше не слишком зацикливаться на концептуальной составляющей внимания, то есть, на потоке операций, хеш-таблицах и пр. Можете считать, что они просто вдохновили меня на описанный математический фокус, который я догадался протестировать – и на практике он оказался весьма хорош.

Проиллюстрирую этот шаг:

WITH    embeddings AS
        (
        SELECT  place, values
        FROM    UNNEST(ARRAY[6307, 47701, 318, 1049]) WITH ORDINALITY AS tokens (token, ordinality)
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  ordinality - 1 AS place
                ) o
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  wte.values + wpe.values AS values
                FROM    wte
                CROSS JOIN
                        wpe
                WHERE   wte.token = tokens.token
                        AND wpe.place = o.place
                ) embedding
        ),
        c_attn_w AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    c_attn_w
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        c_attn_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    c_attn_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        ln_1_g AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    ln_1_g
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        ln_1_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    ln_1_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mha_norm AS
        (
        SELECT  place, mm.values + c_attn_b.values AS values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(c_attn_w.values, layer_norm.values) ORDER BY y)::VECTOR(2304) AS values
                FROM    (
                        SELECT  place, agg.values * ln_1_g.values + ln_1_b.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  place, norm.values
                                FROM    embeddings
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                                VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) value
                                        ) agg
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n(value, ordinality)
                                        ) norm
                                ) agg
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_1_b
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_1_g
                        ) layer_norm
                CROSS JOIN
                        c_attn_w
                GROUP BY
                        place
                ) mm
        CROSS JOIN
                c_attn_b
        ),
        head AS
        (
        SELECT  place,
                (values::REAL[])[1:64]::VECTOR(64) AS q,
                (values::REAL[])[1 + 768:64 + 768]::VECTOR(64) AS k,
                (values::REAL[])[1 + 1536:64 + 1536]::VECTOR(64) AS v
        FROM    mha_norm
        ),
        sm_input AS
        (
        SELECT  h1.place AS x, h2.place AS y, INNER_PRODUCT(h1.q, h2.k) / 8 + CASE WHEN h2.place > h1.place THEN -1E10 ELSE 0 END AS value
        FROM    head h1
        CROSS JOIN
                head h2
        ),
        sm_diff AS
        (
        SELECT  x, y, value - MAX(value) OVER (PARTITION BY x) AS diff
        FROM    sm_input
        ),
        sm_exp AS
        (
        SELECT  x, y, CASE WHEN diff < -745.13 THEN 0 ELSE EXP(diff) END AS e
        FROM    sm_diff
        ),
        softmax AS
        (
        SELECT  x, y AS place, e / SUM(e) OVER (PARTITION BY x) AS value
        FROM    sm_exp
        ),
        attention AS
        (
        SELECT  place, (ARRAY_AGG(value ORDER BY ordinality))[:3] AS values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  x AS place, SUM(ARRAY_FILL(softmax.value, ARRAY[64])::VECTOR(64) * head.v) AS values
                FROM    softmax
                JOIN    head
                USING   (place)
                GROUP BY
                        x
                ) q
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY v (value, ordinality)
        GROUP BY
                place
        )
SELECT  place,
        (SELECT STRING_AGG(TO_CHAR(n, 'S0.000'), ' ') || ' …' FROM UNNEST((q::REAL[])[:3]) AS n) AS q,
        (SELECT STRING_AGG(TO_CHAR(n, 'S0.000'), ' ') || ' …' FROM UNNEST((k::REAL[])[:3]) AS n) AS k,
        (SELECT STRING_AGG(TO_CHAR(n, 'S0.000'), ' ') || ' …' FROM UNNEST((v::REAL[])[:3]) AS n) AS v,
        matrix,
        (SELECT STRING_AGG(TO_CHAR(n, 'S0.000'), ' ') || ' …' FROM UNNEST((values::REAL[])[:3]) AS n) AS attention
FROM    head
JOIN    attention
USING   (place)
JOIN    (
        SELECT  x AS place, STRING_AGG(CASE WHEN value > 0 THEN TO_CHAR(value, '0.00') ELSE '    0' END, ' ' ORDER BY place) AS matrix
        FROM    softmax
        GROUP BY
                x
        ) softmax_grouped
USING   (place)
6f968ec80257c3b21a63e633a5c9d13f.png

Вот что мы сделали:

1. Прежде, чем вычислять функцию внимания, мы нормализовали векторы при помощи линейного преобразования R’ = RГ1 + B1. Матрица Г1 и вектор B1называются, соответственно, «масштабирование» и «сдвиг». Это параметры, изученные моделью, которые хранятся в таблицах ln_1_g и ln_1_b

2. Мы показываем только первую голову первого слоя, используемого в этом алгоритме. После того, как умножим векторы на изученные коэффициенты из c_attn_w и c_attn_b («вес» и «смещение»), порежем полученные в результате 2304-мерные векторы. Возьмём 64-мерные векторы, начинающиеся в позициях 0, 768 и 1536. Они соответствуют векторам Q, K и V первой головы.

3. EXP в PostgreSQL плохо работает с очень малыми числами, и именно поэтому мы прибегаем к нулю, если EXP получает аргумент менее -745,13.

4. Для каждого вектора мы показываем только первые три элемента. Марицу внимания показываем полностью.

Итак, значение первого вектора копируется в вывод как есть (так мы поступаем с первым значением на каждом слое алгоритма). Это означает, что, когда модель уже обучена, результирующее векторное представление первого токена будет определяться только значением первого токена. В принципе, на этапе рекурсивного вывода, пока токены только добавляются в промпт, по сравнению с предыдущей итерацией изменится лишь самое последнее векторное представление в выводе. Именно поэтому применяется условная маска.

Заглянем немного вперёд: блок внимания – это единственное место во всём алгоритме, где токены могут влиять друг на друга на этапе прямого прохода. Поскольку на данном этапе мы не позволяем позднейшим токенам влиять на более раннее (и отключили такую возможность), все вычисления, проделанные над более ранними токенами, можно повторно использовать на разных итерациях прямого прохода по модели.

Напомню, модель при работе добавляет токены в промпт. Если исходный (токенизированный) промпт – это «Post greSQL Ġis Ġgreat», а следующий, например, будет «Post greSQL Ġis Ġgreat Ġfor», то все результаты вычислений, проделанных над первыми четырьмя токенами, можно будет повторно использовать и в новом промпте. Они никогда не изменятся, независимо от того, что ещё будет прикреплено к этому промпту.

В статье Джея Муди, которую я привёл для примера, этот аспект не задействуется (равно как и в моей статье – для простоты), но в оригинальной реализации GPT2 он задействован.

Закончив работу со всеми головами, получаем 12 матриц. Каждая из них будет по 64 столбца в ширину и по n_tokens строк в высоту. Чтобы вновь отобразить её на размерность векторных представлений (768), нам просто нужно составить эти матрицы горизонтально.

Последний этап обработки многоголового внимания связан с проецированием значений путём линейного преобразования в том же самом измерении. Соответствующие веса и смещения хранятся в таблицах c_proj_w и c_proj_b.

Ниже приведён полный код, описывающий реализацию многоголового внимания в первом слое:

WITH    embeddings AS
        (
        SELECT  place, values
        FROM    UNNEST(ARRAY[6307, 47701, 318, 1049]) WITH ORDINALITY AS tokens (token, ordinality)
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  ordinality - 1 AS place
                ) o
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  wte.values + wpe.values AS values
                FROM    wte
                CROSS JOIN
                        wpe
                WHERE   wte.token = tokens.token
                        AND wpe.place = o.place
                ) embedding
        ),
        c_proj_w AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    c_proj_w
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        c_proj_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    c_proj_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mlp_c_fc_w AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    mlp_c_fc_w
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mlp_c_fc_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    mlp_c_fc_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mlp_c_proj_w AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    mlp_c_proj_w
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mlp_c_proj_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    mlp_c_proj_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        c_attn_w AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    c_attn_w
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        c_attn_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    c_attn_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        ln_1_g AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    ln_1_g
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        ln_1_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    ln_1_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mha_norm AS
        (
        SELECT  place, mm.values + c_attn_b.values AS values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(c_attn_w.values, layer_norm.values) ORDER BY y)::VECTOR(2304) AS values
                FROM    (
                        SELECT  place, agg.values * ln_1_g.values + ln_1_b.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  place, norm.values
                                FROM    embeddings
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                                VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) value
                                        ) agg
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n(value, ordinality)
                                        ) norm
                                ) agg
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_1_b
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_1_g
                        ) layer_norm
                CROSS JOIN
                        c_attn_w
                GROUP BY
                        place
                ) mm
        CROSS JOIN
                c_attn_b
        ),
        heads AS
        (
        SELECT  place, head,
                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1):(head * 64 + 64)]::VECTOR(64) AS q,
                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1 + 768):(head * 64 + 64 + 768)]::VECTOR(64) AS k,
                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1 + 1536):(head * 64 + 64 + 1536)]::VECTOR(64) AS v
        FROM    mha_norm
        CROSS JOIN
                GENERATE_SERIES(0, 11) head
        ),
        sm_input AS
        (
        SELECT  head, h1.place AS x, h2.place AS y, INNER_PRODUCT(h1.q, h2.k) / 8 + CASE WHEN h2.place > h1.place THEN -1E10 ELSE 0 END AS value
        FROM    heads h1
        JOIN    heads h2
        USING   (head)
        ),
        sm_diff AS
        (
        SELECT  head, x, y, value - MAX(value) OVER (PARTITION BY head, x) AS diff
        FROM    sm_input
        ),
        sm_exp AS
        (
        SELECT  head, x, y, CASE WHEN diff < -745.13 THEN 0 ELSE EXP(diff) END AS e
        FROM    sm_diff
        ),
        softmax AS
        (
        SELECT  head, x, y AS place, e / SUM(e) OVER (PARTITION BY head, x) AS value
        FROM    sm_exp
        ),
        attention AS
        (
        SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(value ORDER BY head * 64 + ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  head, x AS place, SUM(ARRAY_FILL(softmax.value, ARRAY[64])::VECTOR(64) * heads.v) AS values
                FROM    softmax
                JOIN    heads
                USING   (head, place)
                GROUP BY
                        head, x
                ) q
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY v (value, ordinality)
        GROUP BY
                place
        ),
        mha AS
        (
        SELECT  place, w.values + c_proj_b.values AS values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  attention.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(attention.values, c_proj_w.values) ORDER BY c_proj_w.place)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                FROM    attention
                CROSS JOIN
                        c_proj_w
                GROUP BY
                        attention.place
                ) w
        CROSS JOIN
                c_proj_b
        )
SELECT  place,
        (SELECT STRING_AGG(TO_CHAR(n, 'S0.000'), ' ') || ' …' FROM UNNEST((values::REAL[])[:10]) AS n) AS q
FROM    mha
d5d6733a783e738538d2d95ec2114fca.png

Прежде чем результаты многоголового внимания будут переданы на следующий шаг, к ним нужно добавить оригинальные входные данные. Этот фокус был описан ещё в исходной статье по трансформерам. Предполагается, что он должен помочь с затухающими и взрывными градиентами.

Это распространённая проблема при обучении: иногда градиенты параметров оказываются слишком малы или слишком велики. Если менять их при очередной итерации обучения, это также очень слабо влияет на функцию потерь (поэтому модель сходится очень медленно). Бывает и обратный эффект: даже минимальное изменение отбрасывает функцию потерь слишком далеко от локального минимума, тем самым обесценивая всю работу по обучению.

Прямое распространение

Именно в этом и заключается работа глубоких нейронных сетей. Большая часть параметров модели на самом деле используется именно на этом этапе.

Здесь мы имеем дело с многослойным перцептроном, у которого три слоя (768, 3072, 768), а в качестве функции активации используем линейную единицу гауссовской ошибки (GELU):

1582eb4081148863170cf26deff796b0.png

Как показывает практика, эта функция даёт очень хорошие результаты при работе с глубокими нейронными сетями. Её можно аналитически аппроксимировать вот так:

4e7d6916854cc78e19fab9621165d0de.png

Изученные параметры линейного преобразования для связей в слое называются c_fc (768 → 3072) и c_proj (3072 → 768). Значения с первого слоя сначала нормализуются при помощи коэффициентов, содержащихся в изученном параметре ln_2. По завершении этапа прямого распространения его ввод вновь добавляется к выводу. Этот элемент также входит в самый первый вариант дизайна трансформеров. Весь этап прямого распространения выглядит так:

А вот как это делается на SQL:

WITH    embeddings AS
        (
        SELECT  place, values
        FROM    UNNEST(ARRAY[6307, 47701, 318, 1049]) WITH ORDINALITY AS tokens (token, ordinality)
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  ordinality - 1 AS place
                ) o
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  wte.values + wpe.values AS values
                FROM    wte
                CROSS JOIN
                        wpe
                WHERE   wte.token = tokens.token
                        AND wpe.place = o.place
                ) embedding
        ),
        c_proj_w AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    c_proj_w
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        c_proj_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    c_proj_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mlp_c_fc_w AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    mlp_c_fc_w
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mlp_c_fc_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    mlp_c_fc_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mlp_c_proj_w AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    mlp_c_proj_w
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mlp_c_proj_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    mlp_c_proj_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        c_attn_w AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    c_attn_w
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        c_attn_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    c_attn_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        ln_1_g AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    ln_1_g
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        ln_1_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    ln_1_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        ln_2_b AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    ln_2_b
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        ln_2_g AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    ln_2_g
        WHERE   block = 0
        ),
        mha_norm AS
        (
        SELECT  place, mm.values + c_attn_b.values AS values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(c_attn_w.values, layer_norm.values) ORDER BY y)::VECTOR(2304) AS values
                FROM    (
                        SELECT  place, agg.values * ln_1_g.values + ln_1_b.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  place, norm.values
                                FROM    embeddings
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                                VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) value
                                        ) agg
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n(value, ordinality)
                                        ) norm
                                ) agg
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_1_b
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_1_g
                        ) layer_norm
                CROSS JOIN
                        c_attn_w
                GROUP BY
                        place
                ) mm
        CROSS JOIN
                c_attn_b
        ),
        heads AS
        (
        SELECT  place, head,
                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1):(head * 64 + 64)]::VECTOR(64) AS q,
                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1 + 768):(head * 64 + 64 + 768)]::VECTOR(64) AS k,
                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1 + 1536):(head * 64 + 64 + 1536)]::VECTOR(64) AS v
        FROM    mha_norm
        CROSS JOIN
                GENERATE_SERIES(0, 11) head
        ),
        sm_input AS
        (
        SELECT  head, h1.place AS x, h2.place AS y, INNER_PRODUCT(h1.q, h2.k) / 8 + CASE WHEN h2.place > h1.place THEN -1E10 ELSE 0 END AS value
        FROM    heads h1
        JOIN    heads h2
        USING   (head)
        ),
        sm_diff AS
        (
        SELECT  head, x, y, value - MAX(value) OVER (PARTITION BY head, x) AS diff
        FROM    sm_input
        ),
        sm_exp AS
        (
        SELECT  head, x, y, CASE WHEN diff < -745.13 THEN 0 ELSE EXP(diff) END AS e
        FROM    sm_diff
        ),
        softmax AS
        (
        SELECT  head, x, y AS place, e / SUM(e) OVER (PARTITION BY head, x) AS value
        FROM    sm_exp
        ),
        attention AS
        (
        SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(value ORDER BY head * 64 + ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  head, x AS place, SUM(ARRAY_FILL(softmax.value, ARRAY[64])::VECTOR(64) * heads.v) AS values
                FROM    softmax
                JOIN    heads
                USING   (head, place)
                GROUP BY
                        head, x
                ) q
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY v (value, ordinality)
        GROUP BY
                place
        ),
        mha AS
        (
        SELECT  place, w.values + c_proj_b.values + embeddings.values AS values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  attention.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(attention.values, c_proj_w.values) ORDER BY c_proj_w.place)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                FROM    attention
                CROSS JOIN
                        c_proj_w
                GROUP BY
                        attention.place
                ) w
        CROSS JOIN
                c_proj_b
        JOIN    embeddings
        USING   (place)
        ),
        ffn_norm AS
        (
        SELECT  place, agg.values * ln_2_g.values + ln_2_b.values AS values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  place, norm.values
                FROM    mha
                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                        (
                        SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) value
                        ) agg
                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                        (
                        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n(value, ordinality)
                        ) norm
                ) agg
        CROSS JOIN
                ln_2_b
        CROSS JOIN
                ln_2_g
        ),
        ffn_a AS
        (
        SELECT  gelu.place, gelu.values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  place, w.values + mlp_c_fc_b.values AS values
                FROM    (
                        SELECT  ffn_norm.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(ffn_norm.values, mlp_c_fc_w.values) ORDER BY mlp_c_fc_w.place)::VECTOR(3072) AS values
                        FROM    ffn_norm
                        CROSS JOIN
                                mlp_c_fc_w
                        GROUP BY
                                ffn_norm.place
                        ) w
                CROSS JOIN
                        mlp_c_fc_b
                ) v
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(0.5 * value * (1 + TANH(0.797884560802 * (value + 0.044715 * value*value*value))) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(3072) AS values
                FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY n (value, ordinality)
                GROUP BY
                        place
                ) gelu
        ),
        ffn AS
        (
        SELECT  place, w.values + mlp_c_proj_b.values + mha.values AS values
        FROM    (
                SELECT  ffn_a.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(ffn_a.values, mlp_c_proj_w.values) ORDER BY mlp_c_proj_w.place)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                FROM    ffn_a
                CROSS JOIN
                        mlp_c_proj_w
                GROUP BY
                        ffn_a.place
                ) w
        CROSS JOIN
                mlp_c_proj_b
        JOIN    mha
        USING   (place)
        )
SELECT  place,
        (SELECT STRING_AGG(TO_CHAR(n, 'S0.000'), ' ') || ' …' FROM UNNEST((values::REAL[])[:10]) AS n) AS q
FROM    ffn
9080f54c68ca45f66b84cda8eba312be.png

Именно этот вывод получаем из первого блока GPT2.

Блоки

Операции, рассмотренные на предыдущих этапах, повторяются в каждом из слоёв (именуемых «блоками»). Блоки выстраиваются в виде конвейера, так, что вывод из предыдущего блока сразу подаётся на ввод следующему. У каждого из блоков – свой набор изученных параметров.

В SQL потребуется соединить блоки при помощи рекурсивного CTE.

Как только финальный блок выдаст значения, результат потребуется нормализовать при помощи изученного параметра ln_f.

Вот как в итоге будет выглядеть модель:

7699aba465e680cfde43e9ff6ec6a2b2.png

А вот как результат выглядит на SQL:

WITH    RECURSIVE
        initial AS
        (
        SELECT  ARRAY[6307, 47701, 318, 1049] AS input
        ),
        hparams AS
        (
        SELECT  12 AS n_block
        ),
        embeddings AS
        (
        SELECT  place, values
        FROM    initial
        CROSS JOIN
                hparams
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                UNNEST(input) WITH ORDINALITY AS tokens (token, ordinality)
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  ordinality - 1 AS place
                ) o
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  wte.values + wpe.values AS values
                FROM    wte
                CROSS JOIN
                        wpe
                WHERE   wte.token = tokens.token
                        AND wpe.place = o.place
                ) embedding
        ),
        transform AS
        (
        SELECT  0 AS block, place, values
        FROM    embeddings
        UNION ALL
        (
        WITH    previous AS
                (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    transform
                )
        SELECT  block + 1 AS block, transformed_layer.*
        FROM    hparams
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  block
                FROM    previous
                WHERE   block < 12
                LIMIT   1
                ) q
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                WITH    ln_2_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    ln_2_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        ln_2_g AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    ln_2_g
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        c_proj_w AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    c_proj_w
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        c_proj_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    c_proj_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        mlp_c_fc_w AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    mlp_c_fc_w
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        mlp_c_fc_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    mlp_c_fc_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        mlp_c_proj_w AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    mlp_c_proj_w
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        mlp_c_proj_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    mlp_c_proj_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        c_attn_w AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    c_attn_w
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        c_attn_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    c_attn_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        ln_1_g AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    ln_1_g
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        ln_1_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    ln_1_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        mha_norm AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, mm.values + c_attn_b.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(c_attn_w.values, layer_norm.values) ORDER BY y)::VECTOR(2304) AS values
                                FROM    (
                                        SELECT  place, agg.values * ln_1_g.values + ln_1_b.values AS values
                                        FROM    (
                                                SELECT  place, norm.values
                                                FROM    previous
                                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                        (
                                                        SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                                                VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) value
                                                        ) agg
                                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                        (
                                                        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n(value, ordinality)
                                                        ) norm
                                                ) agg
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                ln_1_b
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                ln_1_g
                                        ) layer_norm
                                CROSS JOIN
                                        c_attn_w
                                GROUP BY
                                        place
                                ) mm
                        CROSS JOIN
                                c_attn_b
                        ),
                        heads AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, head,
                                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1):(head * 64 + 64)]::VECTOR(64) AS q,
                                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1 + 768):(head * 64 + 64 + 768)]::VECTOR(64) AS k,
                                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1 + 1536):(head * 64 + 64 + 1536)]::VECTOR(64) AS v
                        FROM    mha_norm
                        CROSS JOIN
                                GENERATE_SERIES(0, 11) head
                        ),
                        sm_input AS
                        (
                        SELECT  head, h1.place AS x, h2.place AS y, INNER_PRODUCT(h1.q, h2.k) / 8 + CASE WHEN h2.place > h1.place THEN -1E10 ELSE 0 END AS value
                        FROM    heads h1
                        JOIN    heads h2
                        USING   (head)
                        ),
                        sm_diff AS
                        (
                        SELECT  head, x, y, value - MAX(value) OVER (PARTITION BY head, x) AS diff
                        FROM    sm_input
                        ),
                        sm_exp AS
                        (
                        SELECT  head, x, y, CASE WHEN diff < -745.13 THEN 0 ELSE EXP(diff) END AS e
                        FROM    sm_diff
                        ),
                        softmax AS
                        (
                        SELECT  head, x, y AS place, e / SUM(e) OVER (PARTITION BY head, x) AS value
                        FROM    sm_exp
                        ),
                        attention AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(value ORDER BY head * 64 + ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  head, x AS place, SUM(ARRAY_FILL(softmax.value, ARRAY[64])::VECTOR(64) * heads.v) AS values
                                FROM    softmax
                                JOIN    heads
                                USING   (head, place)
                                GROUP BY
                                        head, x
                                ) q
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY v (value, ordinality)
                        GROUP BY
                                place
                        ),
                        mha AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, w.values + c_proj_b.values + previous.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  attention.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(attention.values, c_proj_w.values) ORDER BY c_proj_w.place)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                FROM    attention
                                CROSS JOIN
                                        c_proj_w
                                GROUP BY
                                        attention.place
                                ) w
                        CROSS JOIN
                                c_proj_b
                        JOIN    previous
                        USING   (place)
                        ),
                        ffn_norm AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, agg.values * ln_2_g.values + ln_2_b.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  place, norm.values
                                FROM    mha
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                                VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) value
                                        ) agg
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n(value, ordinality)
                                        ) norm
                                ) agg
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_2_b
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_2_g
                        ),
                        ffn_a AS
                        (
                        SELECT  gelu.place, gelu.values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  place, w.values + mlp_c_fc_b.values AS values
                                FROM    (
                                        SELECT  ffn_norm.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(ffn_norm.values, mlp_c_fc_w.values) ORDER BY mlp_c_fc_w.place)::VECTOR(3072) AS values
                                        FROM    ffn_norm
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                mlp_c_fc_w
                                        GROUP BY
                                                ffn_norm.place
                                        ) w
                                CROSS JOIN
                                        mlp_c_fc_b
                                ) v
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(0.5 * value * (1 + TANH(0.797884560802 * (value + 0.044715 * value*value*value))) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(3072) AS values
                                FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY n (value, ordinality)
                                GROUP BY
                                        place
                                ) gelu
                        ),
                        ffn AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, w.values + mlp_c_proj_b.values + mha.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  ffn_a.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(ffn_a.values, mlp_c_proj_w.values) ORDER BY mlp_c_proj_w.place)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                FROM    ffn_a
                                CROSS JOIN
                                        mlp_c_proj_w
                                GROUP BY
                                        ffn_a.place
                                ) w
                        CROSS JOIN
                                mlp_c_proj_b
                        JOIN    mha
                        USING   (place)
                        )
                SELECT  *
                FROM    ffn
                ) transformed_layer
        )
        ),
        block_output AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    hparams
        JOIN    transform
        ON      transform.block = n_block
        ),
        ln_f AS
        (
        SELECT  place, norm.values * ln_f_g.values + ln_f_b.values AS values
        FROM    block_output
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                        VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) AS n(value)
                ) agg
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n (value, ordinality)
                ) norm
        CROSS JOIN
                ln_f_b
        CROSS JOIN
                ln_f_g
        )
SELECT  place,
        (SELECT STRING_AGG(TO_CHAR(n, 'S0.000'), ' ') || ' …' FROM UNNEST((values::REAL[])[:10]) AS n) AS q
FROM    ln_f
378876fdfdedf326e8861f0f96c15bc7.png

Это вывод модели.

Четвёртый вектор – это и есть фактическое представление следующего токена, предсказанного моделью. Нам просто нужно отобразить его обратно на токены.

Токены

У нас уже есть векторное представление (768-мерное), в котором, согласно модели, заключены семантика и грамматика наиболее вероятного продолжения промпта. Теперь нам нужно отобразить его обратно на токен.

Одна из первых операций, совершаемых моделью – это отображение токенов на их векторные представления. Эта операция делается при помощи матрицы wpe размером 50257×768. Той же самой матрицей нам потребуется воспользоваться, чтобы отобразить векторное представление обратно на токен.

Проблема в том, что строго обратное отображение выполнить невозможно: (вероятно) векторное представление не будет совпадать ни с одной из строк в матрице. Поэтому нам придётся найти токен, который «ближе всего» к векторному представлению.

Поскольку (как мы надеемся), в измерениях векторных представлений заключены некоторые семантические и грамматические аспекты токена, необходимо сопоставить их как можно точнее. Один из способов консолидировать «степень близости» каждого из измерений – вычислить скалярное произведение двух векторных представлений. Чем выше будет это значение, тем ближе токен к прогнозу.

Для этого умножим векторное представление на матрицу wte. В результате получим матрицу из одного столбца и 50257 строк. Каждое значение в этом результате будет произведением спрогнозированного вектора и векторного представления токена. Чем выше это число, тем вероятнее, что токен станет продолжением промпта.

Чтобы выбрать следующий токен, нужно просто преобразовать значения сходства в значения вероятности. Для этого нам пригодится старая добрая функция softmax (та самая, при помощи которой мы уже нормализовали веса внимания).

Почему стоит использовать softmax для работы с вероятностями?

Softmax – это удобное свойство аксиомы выбора Льюса. Оно таково: относительная вероятность двух вариантов не зависит от наличия прочих вероятностных вариантов. Если вариант A влвое вероятнее варианта B, то это соотношение не зависит от наличия или отсутствия других вариантов (хотя, конечно, абсолютные значения при этом могут измениться).

Вектор скалярных произведений («логит» в терминологии ИИ) содержит произвольные значения, которые могут не укладываться в какую-либо шкалу. Если балл A выше, чем балл B, то известно, что A вероятнее – а больше ничего не известно. Можно подкорректировать входные значения softmax так, как нам угодно, главное, соблюдать их порядок (более крупные значения остаются более крупными).

Распространённый подход, позволяющий этого добиться – нормализация значений путём вычитания наибольшего значения из каждого значения в множестве (так что наибольшее значение становится равным 0, а все остальные – отрицательным числам). Затем берём фиксированное количество наивысших значений (скажем, топ-5 или топ-10). Наконец, перед передачей всех значений softmax умножаем их на константу.

Количество наивысших значений, с которым мы работаем, обычно называется top_n, а множитель-константа (вернее, обратное ему число) называется «температурой» (Т). Чем выше температура, тем более гладкое распределение вероятностей у нас получится, и тем выше вероятность, что на место продолжения будет выбран не первый попавшийся токен.

Формула для расчёта вероятностей токенов

a6a685d634b1bb26d07ca1cb2cdda672.png

где scores — это множество из наивысших top_n баллов.

Почему этот показатель называется "температурой"

Функция softmax также называется распределение Больцмана. Она широко используется в физике. Среди прочего, на ней основана барометрическая формула, по которой рассчитывается изменение плотности воздуха в зависимости от высоты.

Как известно, тёплый воздух поднимается вверх и распределяется на сравнительно большой высоте. В горячем воздухе сравнительно высока вероятность, что молекула ль частых столкновений с другими молекулами заберётся на такую высоту, куда в ином случае бы не попала. В отличие от ситуации с более холодными температурами, плотность воздуха увеличивается на больших высотах и падает на уровне моря.

Сравните, как воздух движется при разных температурах:

e109ce6f14a9d797ac4ced0f00151a86.gif792fe2af01b49345c3ac0a6c8e08502a.gif

\Иллюстрация Доминика Форда, Bouncing Balls and the Boltzmann Distribution

Аналогично, в рассматриваемом нами примере, чем больше «температура», тем выше вероятность, что будет выбран не самый очевидный токен (разумеется, за счёт наиболее очевидных). Логический вывод становится менее предсказуемым и более «творческим».

Давайте выразим всё это на SQL. У нас был промпт «PostgreSQL is great». Вот первые 5 токенов, которые, в соответствии с этой моделью, являются наиболее вероятными продолжениями этой фразы. Показаны их вероятности при разной температуре:

WITH    RECURSIVE
        initial AS
        (
        SELECT  ARRAY[6307, 47701, 318, 1049] AS input
        ),
        hparams AS
        (
        SELECT  12 AS n_block,
                5 AS top_n,
                ARRAY_LENGTH(input, 1) AS n_seq
        FROM    initial
        ),
        embeddings AS
        (
        SELECT  place, values
        FROM    initial
        CROSS JOIN
                hparams
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                UNNEST(input) WITH ORDINALITY AS tokens (token, ordinality)
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  ordinality - 1 AS place
                ) o
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  wte.values + wpe.values AS values
                FROM    wte
                CROSS JOIN
                        wpe
                WHERE   wte.token = tokens.token
                        AND wpe.place = o.place
                ) embedding
        ),
        transform AS
        (
        SELECT  0 AS block, place, values
        FROM    embeddings
        UNION ALL
        (
        WITH    previous AS
                (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    transform
                )
        SELECT  block + 1 AS block, transformed_layer.*
        FROM    hparams
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  block
                FROM    previous
                WHERE   block < 12
                LIMIT   1
                ) q
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                WITH    ln_2_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    ln_2_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        ln_2_g AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    ln_2_g
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        c_proj_w AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    c_proj_w
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        c_proj_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    c_proj_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        mlp_c_fc_w AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    mlp_c_fc_w
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        mlp_c_fc_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    mlp_c_fc_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        mlp_c_proj_w AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    mlp_c_proj_w
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        mlp_c_proj_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    mlp_c_proj_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        c_attn_w AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    c_attn_w
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        c_attn_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    c_attn_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        ln_1_g AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    ln_1_g
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        ln_1_b AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    ln_1_b
                        WHERE   block = q.block
                        ),
                        mha_norm AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, mm.values + c_attn_b.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(c_attn_w.values, layer_norm.values) ORDER BY y)::VECTOR(2304) AS values
                                FROM    (
                                        SELECT  place, agg.values * ln_1_g.values + ln_1_b.values AS values
                                        FROM    (
                                                SELECT  place, norm.values
                                                FROM    previous
                                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                        (
                                                        SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                                                VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) value
                                                        ) agg
                                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                        (
                                                        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n(value, ordinality)
                                                        ) norm
                                                ) agg
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                ln_1_b
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                ln_1_g
                                        ) layer_norm
                                CROSS JOIN
                                        c_attn_w
                                GROUP BY
                                        place
                                ) mm
                        CROSS JOIN
                                c_attn_b
                        ),
                        heads AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, head,
                                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1):(head * 64 + 64)]::VECTOR(64) AS q,
                                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1 + 768):(head * 64 + 64 + 768)]::VECTOR(64) AS k,
                                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1 + 1536):(head * 64 + 64 + 1536)]::VECTOR(64) AS v
                        FROM    mha_norm
                        CROSS JOIN
                                GENERATE_SERIES(0, 11) head
                        ),
                        sm_input AS
                        (
                        SELECT  head, h1.place AS x, h2.place AS y, INNER_PRODUCT(h1.q, h2.k) / 8 + CASE WHEN h2.place > h1.place THEN -1E10 ELSE 0 END AS value
                        FROM    heads h1
                        JOIN    heads h2
                        USING   (head)
                        ),
                        sm_diff AS
                        (
                        SELECT  head, x, y, value - MAX(value) OVER (PARTITION BY head, x) AS diff
                        FROM    sm_input
                        ),
                        sm_exp AS
                        (
                        SELECT  head, x, y, CASE WHEN diff < -745.13 THEN 0 ELSE EXP(diff) END AS e
                        FROM    sm_diff
                        ),
                        softmax AS
                        (
                        SELECT  head, x, y AS place, e / SUM(e) OVER (PARTITION BY head, x) AS value
                        FROM    sm_exp
                        ),
                        attention AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(value ORDER BY head * 64 + ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  head, x AS place, SUM(ARRAY_FILL(softmax.value, ARRAY[64])::VECTOR(64) * heads.v) AS values
                                FROM    softmax
                                JOIN    heads
                                USING   (head, place)
                                GROUP BY
                                        head, x
                                ) q
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY v (value, ordinality)
                        GROUP BY
                                place
                        ),
                        mha AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, w.values + c_proj_b.values + previous.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  attention.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(attention.values, c_proj_w.values) ORDER BY c_proj_w.place)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                FROM    attention
                                CROSS JOIN
                                        c_proj_w
                                GROUP BY
                                        attention.place
                                ) w
                        CROSS JOIN
                                c_proj_b
                        JOIN    previous
                        USING   (place)
                        ),
                        ffn_norm AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, agg.values * ln_2_g.values + ln_2_b.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  place, norm.values
                                FROM    mha
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                                VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) value
                                        ) agg
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n(value, ordinality)
                                        ) norm
                                ) agg
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_2_b
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_2_g
                        ),
                        ffn_a AS
                        (
                        SELECT  gelu.place, gelu.values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  place, w.values + mlp_c_fc_b.values AS values
                                FROM    (
                                        SELECT  ffn_norm.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(ffn_norm.values, mlp_c_fc_w.values) ORDER BY mlp_c_fc_w.place)::VECTOR(3072) AS values
                                        FROM    ffn_norm
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                mlp_c_fc_w
                                        GROUP BY
                                                ffn_norm.place
                                        ) w
                                CROSS JOIN
                                        mlp_c_fc_b
                                ) v
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(0.5 * value * (1 + TANH(0.797884560802 * (value + 0.044715 * value*value*value))) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(3072) AS values
                                FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY n (value, ordinality)
                                GROUP BY
                                        place
                                ) gelu
                        ),
                        ffn AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, w.values + mlp_c_proj_b.values + mha.values AS values
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  ffn_a.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(ffn_a.values, mlp_c_proj_w.values) ORDER BY mlp_c_proj_w.place)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                FROM    ffn_a
                                CROSS JOIN
                                        mlp_c_proj_w
                                GROUP BY
                                        ffn_a.place
                                ) w
                        CROSS JOIN
                                mlp_c_proj_b
                        JOIN    mha
                        USING   (place)
                        )
                SELECT  *
                FROM    ffn
                ) transformed_layer
        )
        ),
        block_output AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    hparams
        JOIN    transform
        ON      transform.block = n_block
        ),
        ln_f AS
        (
        SELECT  place, norm.values * ln_f_g.values + ln_f_b.values AS values
        FROM    block_output
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                        VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) AS n(value)
                ) agg
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n (value, ordinality)
                ) norm
        CROSS JOIN
                ln_f_b
        CROSS JOIN
                ln_f_g
        ),
        logits AS
        (
        SELECT  logits.*
        FROM    hparams
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  token, INNER_PRODUCT(ln_f.values, wte.values) AS value
                FROM    ln_f
                CROSS JOIN
                        wte
                WHERE   ln_f.place = n_seq - 1
                ORDER BY
                        value DESC
                LIMIT   (top_n)
                ) logits
        ),
        temperatures (temperature) AS
        (
        VALUES
        (0.5),
        (1),
        (2)
        ),
        tokens AS
        (
        SELECT  token, value, softmax, temperature
        FROM    temperatures
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                SELECT  *, (e / SUM(e) OVER ()) AS softmax
                FROM    (
                        SELECT  *,
                                (value - MAX(value) OVER ()) / temperature AS diff
                        FROM    logits
                        ) exp_x
                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                        (
                        SELECT  CASE WHEN diff < -745.13 THEN 0 ELSE EXP(diff) END AS e
                        ) exp
                ) q
        )
SELECT  token,
        cluster,
        TO_CHAR(t1.value, 'S00.000') AS score,
        TO_CHAR(t1.softmax, '0.00') AS "temperature = 0.5",
        TO_CHAR(t2.softmax, '0.00') AS "temperature = 1",
        TO_CHAR(t3.softmax, '0.00') AS "temperature = 2"
FROM    (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    tokens
        WHERE   temperature = 0.5
        ) t1
JOIN    (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    tokens
        WHERE   temperature = 1
        ) t2
USING   (token)
JOIN    (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    tokens
        WHERE   temperature = 2
        ) t3
USING   (token)
JOIN    tokenizer
USING   (token)
39b00c06e909aab6901bceb4228137b2.png

Логический вывод

Вот мы и готовы перейти к реальному логическому выводу: запустить модель, выбрать токен в соответствии с полученной вероятностью, добавить токен к промпту и повторять этот процесс до тех пор, пока не будет сгенерировано достаточное количество токенов.

Как было показано выше, сама большая языковая модель является детерминированной. Это просто последовательные перемножения матриц и другие математические операции, производимые над заранее определёнными константами. Пока промпт и такие гиперпараметры как температура и топ-N остаются неизменными, вывод также остаётся неизменным.

Единственный недетерминированный процесс в данном случае – это выбор токена. В нём заложена (переменная) степень случайности. Вот почему чатботы, основанные на GPT, могут давать разные ответы на один и тот же промпт.

Воспользуемся в качестве промпта фразой «Happy New Year! I wish» и прикажем модели сгенерировать 10 новых токенов для этого промпта. Температуру установим в 2, а top_n в 5.

У меня на компьютере на этот запрос уходит 2 минуты и 44 секунды. Вот такой вывод получается:

SELECT SETSEED(0.20231231);
 
WITH    RECURSIVE
        input AS
        (
        SELECT  'Happy New Year! I wish you' AS prompt,
                10 AS threshold,
                2 AS temperature,
                1 AS top_n
        ),
        clusters AS
        (
        SELECT  part_position, bpe.*
        FROM    input
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                REGEXP_MATCHES(prompt, '''s|''t|''re|''ve|''m|''ll|''d| ?\w+| ?\d+| ?[^\s\w\d]+|\s+(?!\S)|\s+', 'g') WITH ORDINALITY AS rm (part, part_position)
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                WITH    RECURSIVE
                        bpe AS
                        (
                        SELECT  (n + 1)::BIGINT AS position, character, TRUE AS continue
                        FROM    CONVERT_TO(part[1], 'UTF-8') AS bytes
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                GENERATE_SERIES(0, LENGTH(bytes) - 1) AS n
                        JOIN    encoder
                        ON      byte = GET_BYTE(bytes, n)
                        UNION ALL
                        (
                        WITH    RECURSIVE
                                base AS
                                (
                                SELECT  *
                                FROM    bpe
                                WHERE   continue
                                ),
                                bn AS
                                (
                                SELECT  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY position) AS position,
                                        continue,
                                        character,
                                        character || LEAD(character) OVER (ORDER BY position) AS cluster
                                FROM    base
                                ),
                                top_rank AS
                                (
                                SELECT  tokenizer.*
                                FROM    bn
                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    tokenizer
                                        WHERE   tokenizer.cluster = bn.cluster
                                        LIMIT   1
                                        ) tokenizer
                                ORDER BY
                                        token
                                LIMIT   1
                                ),
                                breaks AS
                                (
                                SELECT  0::BIGINT AS position, 1 AS length
                                UNION ALL
                                SELECT  bn.position,
                                        CASE WHEN token IS NULL THEN 1 ELSE 2 END
                                FROM    breaks
                                JOIN    bn
                                ON      bn.position = breaks.position + length
                                LEFT JOIN
                                        top_rank
                                USING   (cluster)
                                )
                        SELECT  position, character, token IS NOT NULL
                        FROM    breaks
                        LEFT JOIN
                                top_rank
                        ON      1 = 1
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                SELECT  STRING_AGG(character, '' ORDER BY position) AS character
                                FROM    bn
                                WHERE   bn.position >= breaks.position
                                        AND bn.position < breaks.position + length
                                ) bn
                        WHERE   position > 0
                        )
                        )
                SELECT  position, character AS cluster
                FROM    bpe
                WHERE   NOT continue
                ) bpe
        ),
        tokens AS
        (
        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG(token ORDER BY part_position, position) AS input
        FROM    clusters
        JOIN    tokenizer
        USING   (cluster)
        ),
        gpt AS
        (
        SELECT  input, ARRAY_LENGTH(input, 1) AS original_length
        FROM    tokens
        UNION ALL
        SELECT  input || next_token.token, original_length
        FROM    gpt
        CROSS JOIN
                input
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                (
                WITH    RECURSIVE
                        hparams AS
                        (
                        SELECT  ARRAY_LENGTH(input, 1) AS n_seq,
                                12 AS n_block
                        ),
                        embeddings AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, values
                        FROM    hparams
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                UNNEST(input) WITH ORDINALITY AS tokens (token, ordinality)
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                SELECT  ordinality - 1 AS place
                                ) o
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                SELECT  wte.values + wpe.values AS values
                                FROM    wte
                                CROSS JOIN
                                        wpe
                                WHERE   wte.token = tokens.token
                                        AND wpe.place = o.place
                                ) embedding
                        ),
                        transform AS
                        (
                        SELECT  0 AS block, place, values
                        FROM    embeddings
                        UNION ALL
                        (
                        WITH    previous AS
                                (
                                SELECT  *
                                FROM    transform
                                )
                        SELECT  block + 1 AS block, transformed_layer.*
                        FROM    hparams
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                SELECT  block
                                FROM    previous
                                WHERE   block < 12
                                LIMIT   1
                                ) q
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                WITH    ln_2_b AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    ln_2_b
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        ln_2_g AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    ln_2_g
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        c_proj_w AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    c_proj_w
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        c_proj_b AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    c_proj_b
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        mlp_c_fc_w AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    mlp_c_fc_w
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        mlp_c_fc_b AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    mlp_c_fc_b
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        mlp_c_proj_w AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    mlp_c_proj_w
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        mlp_c_proj_b AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    mlp_c_proj_b
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        c_attn_w AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    c_attn_w
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        c_attn_b AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    c_attn_b
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        ln_1_g AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    ln_1_g
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        ln_1_b AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  *
                                        FROM    ln_1_b
                                        WHERE   block = q.block
                                        ),
                                        mha_norm AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  place, mm.values + c_attn_b.values AS values
                                        FROM    (
                                                SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(c_attn_w.values, layer_norm.values) ORDER BY y)::VECTOR(2304) AS values
                                                FROM    (
                                                        SELECT  place, agg.values * ln_1_g.values + ln_1_b.values AS values
                                                        FROM    (
                                                                SELECT  place, norm.values
                                                                FROM    previous
                                                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                                        (
                                                                        SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                                                                VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                                                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) value
                                                                        ) agg
                                                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                                        (
                                                                        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n(value, ordinality)
                                                                        ) norm
                                                                ) agg
                                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                                ln_1_b
                                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                                ln_1_g
                                                        ) layer_norm
                                                CROSS JOIN
                                                        c_attn_w
                                                GROUP BY
                                                        place
                                                ) mm
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                c_attn_b
                                        ),
                                        heads AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  place, head,
                                                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1):(head * 64 + 64)]::VECTOR(64) AS q,
                                                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1 + 768):(head * 64 + 64 + 768)]::VECTOR(64) AS k,
                                                (values::REAL[])[(head * 64 + 1 + 1536):(head * 64 + 64 + 1536)]::VECTOR(64) AS v
                                        FROM    mha_norm
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                GENERATE_SERIES(0, 11) head
                                        ),
                                        sm_input AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  head, h1.place AS x, h2.place AS y, INNER_PRODUCT(h1.q, h2.k) / 8 + CASE WHEN h2.place > h1.place THEN -1E10 ELSE 0 END AS value
                                        FROM    heads h1
                                        JOIN    heads h2
                                        USING   (head)
                                        ),
                                        sm_diff AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  head, x, y, value - MAX(value) OVER (PARTITION BY head, x) AS diff
                                        FROM    sm_input
                                        ),
                                        sm_exp AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  head, x, y, CASE WHEN diff < -745.13 THEN 0 ELSE EXP(diff) END AS e
                                        FROM    sm_diff
                                        ),
                                        softmax AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  head, x, y AS place, e / SUM(e) OVER (PARTITION BY head, x) AS value
                                        FROM    sm_exp
                                        ),
                                        attention AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(value ORDER BY head * 64 + ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                        FROM    (
                                                SELECT  head, x AS place, SUM(ARRAY_FILL(softmax.value, ARRAY[64])::VECTOR(64) * heads.v) AS values
                                                FROM    softmax
                                                JOIN    heads
                                                USING   (head, place)
                                                GROUP BY
                                                        head, x
                                                ) q
                                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY v (value, ordinality)
                                        GROUP BY
                                                place
                                        ),
                                        mha AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  place, w.values + c_proj_b.values + previous.values AS values
                                        FROM    (
                                                SELECT  attention.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(attention.values, c_proj_w.values) ORDER BY c_proj_w.place)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                                FROM    attention
                                                CROSS JOIN
                                                        c_proj_w
                                                GROUP BY
                                                        attention.place
                                                ) w
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                c_proj_b
                                        JOIN    previous
                                        USING   (place)
                                        ),
                                        ffn_norm AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  place, agg.values * ln_2_g.values + ln_2_b.values AS values
                                        FROM    (
                                                SELECT  place, norm.values
                                                FROM    mha
                                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                        (
                                                        SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                                                VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) value
                                                        ) agg
                                                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                        (
                                                        SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                                        FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n(value, ordinality)
                                                        ) norm
                                                ) agg
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                ln_2_b
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                ln_2_g
                                        ),
                                        ffn_a AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  gelu.place, gelu.values
                                        FROM    (
                                                SELECT  place, w.values + mlp_c_fc_b.values AS values
                                                FROM    (
                                                        SELECT  ffn_norm.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(ffn_norm.values, mlp_c_fc_w.values) ORDER BY mlp_c_fc_w.place)::VECTOR(3072) AS values
                                                        FROM    ffn_norm
                                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                                mlp_c_fc_w
                                                        GROUP BY
                                                                ffn_norm.place
                                                        ) w
                                                CROSS JOIN
                                                        mlp_c_fc_b
                                                ) v
                                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                (
                                                SELECT  place, ARRAY_AGG(0.5 * value * (1 + TANH(0.797884560802 * (value + 0.044715 * value*value*value))) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(3072) AS values
                                                FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY n (value, ordinality)
                                                GROUP BY
                                                        place
                                                ) gelu
                                        ),
                                        ffn AS
                                        (
                                        SELECT  place, w.values + mlp_c_proj_b.values + mha.values AS values
                                        FROM    (
                                                SELECT  ffn_a.place, ARRAY_AGG(INNER_PRODUCT(ffn_a.values, mlp_c_proj_w.values) ORDER BY mlp_c_proj_w.place)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                                FROM    ffn_a
                                                CROSS JOIN
                                                        mlp_c_proj_w
                                                GROUP BY
                                                        ffn_a.place
                                                ) w
                                        CROSS JOIN
                                                mlp_c_proj_b
                                        JOIN    mha
                                        USING   (place)
                                        )
                                SELECT  *
                                FROM    ffn
                                ) transformed_layer
                        )
                        ),
                        block_output AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    hparams
                        JOIN    transform
                        ON      transform.block = n_block
                        ),
                        ln_f AS
                        (
                        SELECT  place, norm.values * ln_f_g.values + ln_f_b.values AS values
                        FROM    block_output
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                SELECT  AVG(value) AS mean,
                                        VAR_POP(value) AS variance
                                FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) AS n(value)
                                ) agg
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                SELECT  ARRAY_AGG((value - mean) / SQRT(variance + 1E-5) ORDER BY ordinality)::VECTOR(768) AS values
                                FROM    UNNEST(values::REAL[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS n (value, ordinality)
                                ) norm
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_f_b
                        CROSS JOIN
                                ln_f_g
                        ),
                        logits AS
                        (
                        SELECT  token, INNER_PRODUCT(ln_f.values, wte.values) AS value
                        FROM    hparams
                        JOIN    ln_f
                        ON      ln_f.place = n_seq - 1
                        CROSS JOIN
                                wte
                        ORDER BY
                                value DESC
                        LIMIT   (top_n)
                        ),
                        tokens AS
                        (
                        SELECT  token,
                                high - softmax AS low,
                                high
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  *,
                                        SUM(softmax) OVER (ORDER BY softmax) AS high
                                FROM    (
                                        SELECT  *, (e / SUM(e) OVER ()) AS softmax
                                        FROM    (
                                                SELECT  *,
                                                        (value - MAX(value) OVER ()) / temperature AS diff
                                                FROM    logits
                                                ) exp_x
                                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                                (
                                                SELECT  CASE WHEN diff < -745.13 THEN 0 ELSE EXP(diff) END AS e
                                                ) exp
                                        ) q
                                ) q
                        ),
                        next_token AS
                        (
                        SELECT  *
                        FROM    (
                                SELECT  RANDOM() AS rnd
                                ) r
                        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                                (
                                SELECT  *
                                FROM    tokens
                                WHERE   rnd >= low
                                        AND rnd < high
                                ) nt
                        )
                SELECT  *
                FROM    next_token
                ) next_token
        WHERE   ARRAY_LENGTH(input, 1) < original_length + threshold
                AND next_token.token <> 50256
        ),
        output AS
        (
        SELECT  CONVERT_FROM(STRING_AGG(SET_BYTE('\x00', 0, byte), '' ORDER BY position), 'UTF8') AS response
        FROM    (
                SELECT  STRING_AGG(cluster, '' ORDER BY ordinality) AS response
                FROM    input
                JOIN    gpt
                ON      ARRAY_LENGTH(input, 1) = original_length + threshold
                CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                        UNNEST(input) WITH ORDINALITY n (token, ordinality)
                JOIN    tokenizer
                USING   (token)
                ) q
        CROSS JOIN LATERAL
                STRING_TO_TABLE(response, NULL) WITH ORDINALITY n (character, position)
        JOIN    encoder
        USING   (character)
        )
SELECT  *
FROM    output
1a00f841de73f9bb1baf6ce719e8ae7d.png

ИИ со своей работой справился отлично. Я искренне желаю вам всего самого лучшего в наступившем году!

Все запросы и код для установки выложены в следующем репозитории на GitHub: quassnoi/explain-extended-2024.

Источник

  • 15.08.25 13:27 wendytaylor015

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  • 15.08.25 20:27 caitlinfedex

    After my wife passed, I found myself lonely and searching for connection. I joined a senior living forum just to talk with others my age to share stories, maybe feel a little less isolated. That’s where I met a man who claimed to be helping retirees like me manage their savings with cryptocurrency. He spoke warmly and convincingly about a retirement care fund that guaranteed lifetime monthly payouts. He said it was specifically designed for people in my stage of life safe secure and backed by health organizations. He gained my trust over weeks of conversation. We spoke daily. He called me by name asked about my late wife, and remembered little details about my life. I believed he genuinely cared. Eventually, I transferred $200000 in USDT the majority of my retirement savings, into the wallet address he provided. That was the last time I heard from him. The forum profile vanished. His phone number stopped working. No response to emails. I was stunned. I couldn’t believe I had been tricked. I didn’t know who to turn to. I felt ashamed and foolish. At my age recovering from a financial loss like this is nearly impossible.My relative stepped in. They searched online for solutions and found TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT. I was skeptical at first but they insisted we give them a chance. From the moment we contacted them they treated me with respect patience and genuine concern. Their team didn’t speak in technical riddles. They explained every step. They used blockchain analysis tools to trace the movement of my funds through several addresses.It turned out the wallet was linked to a scam platform. TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT worked directly with the USDT issuer and coordinated with relevant platforms to freeze the funds before they were fully laundered.In just two weeks they managed to recover $155000 in USDT.The money helped yes but it was more than that. I no longer felt powerless. I had been taken advantage of but I wasn’t alone in the fight. Thanks to TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT I got back not only a large part of my savings but also peace of mind a sense of dignity and hope for the future. If you ever find yourself in such situation I encourage you to contact TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT Email.trustgeekshackexpert{At}fastservice{Dot}com — Telegram:: Trustgeekshackexpert & W h a t's A p p  +1 7 1 9 4 9 2 2 6 9 3

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    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 16.08.25 06:53 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 16.08.25 06:53 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 16.08.25 07:01 lisared

    Losing nearly 500,000 USDT to hackers was one of the most devastating experience of my life. I felt powerless as my hard-earned assets vanished into anonymous blockchain transactions until I found Agent Jasmine Lopez. Her deep expertise, tireless effort, and unwavering focus gave me hope and delivered results. She traced complex transactions, pursued every lead, and recovered a large portion of my stolen funds something I never thought possible. If you’ve lost digital assets, don’t give up. Contact Recoveryfundprovider@gmail. com WhatsApp at +{44 736-644-5035}. She turned my nightmare into a recovery story, and she could do the same for you.

  • 16.08.25 17:05 mark

    I see a lot of recommendations online and it’s already obvious there are bad eggs online who will only add to your mystery. I can only recommend one and you can reach them via mail on (zattechrecovery @ gmail c0 m ) if you need help on recovering what you lost to scammers.

  • 17.08.25 03:33 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 17.08.25 03:33 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 17.08.25 05:22 aveasley4

    I’m a California resident who was contacted by someone named “Lin” on WhatsApp. Our conversation eventually turned to cryptocurrency investments. Lin introduced me to a trading platform called CBOTBIT (https://cbotbit.com), walked me through setting up an account, and guided me on transferring funds. Under Lin’s direction, I began trading and was led to believe that my account was growing significantly. However, when I attempted to withdraw my funds, I was unable to do so — and shortly after, the website went offline entirely. I had invested over $340,000 in Bitcoin, planning to use it for my retirement. The experience was devastating, and I was at a loss for what to do next. Eventually, I came across [email protected] and decided to reach out. I followed their instructions, and within a few days, I was able to recover my original investment. I'm incredibly relieved and grateful for their assistance, and I recommend contacting them if you’re in a similar situation and need help recovering lost funds.

  • 17.08.25 17:49 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 17.08.25 17:49 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 17.08.25 17:49 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 18.08.25 21:10 Connorhelms

    I can honestly say losing my bitcoin savings was one of the darkest moments of my life. I had put everything I could into that investment, believing it would secure my future, only to wake up one day and realize the platform had vanished with all my funds. The feeling was indescribable, fear, shame, and helplessness all at once. I thought I’d never see that money again. Then I came across Alpha Spy Nest. At first, I was hesitant, I had already been deceived once, and the thought of trusting anyone else terrified me. But something about their professionalism and the way they patiently explained things gave me a little hope. For the first time in weeks, I felt like I wasn’t completely alone in the fight. They listened to my story without judgment, broke down the technical side in a way I could understand, and reassured me that there was still a chance. Watching them work was incredible. They traced every transaction, uncovered where my bitcoin had been moved, and kept me updated through every stage. It felt like they cared as much about my recovery as I did. The day they told me they had successfully recovered my lost savings, I actually cried. Seeing those funds back in my wallet felt unreal, it was like a huge weight had been lifted off my shoulders. Beyond just recovering my bitcoin, Alpha Spy Nest gave me back my peace of mind and restored a trust I thought I had lost forever. I’m forever grateful to them. If I hadn’t found Alpha Spy Nest, I’d still be stuck in regret and despair. Instead, I now share my story as proof that recovery is possible. You can also reach out to them via: Email: [email protected], WhatsApp: +15132924878‬, Telegram: https://t.me/Alphaspynest, Website: www.alphaspynest.org

  • 18.08.25 22:17 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 18.08.25 22:17 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 19.08.25 02:26 Jacksonbash

    You are not alone if you have had your bitcoins taken from your wallet or if you invested in an initial coin offering (ICO) that was a scam. I experienced the same thing. I first lost $173,000 to a fraudulent investment scam company in less than five months. I was able to get all of my money in five days thanks to a hacker my friend recommended. In order to raise awareness about these cryptocurrency criminals and do my part to minimize the number of victims, I'm speaking out. To report a victim, simply send an email to [email protected].

  • 19.08.25 18:15 keith

    RECOVER FROM CRYPTO SCAMS WITH THE HELP OF BONES RECOVERY BITCOIN EXPERT If someone needs to recover cryptocurrency that has been lost to wallet hackers, internet scammers, or BTC transferred to the wrong address, I suggest BONES RECOVERY BITCOIN, a very trustworthy recovery organization . Simply presenting my case to the expert and supplying the necessary data allowed BONES RECOVERY BITCOIN to assist me in recovering my Bitcoin. It's a relief that I recovered this much after losing considerably more to the fraudulent broker I initially put my trust in. Because we will inevitably make mistakes, we can never be diligent enough. If you have lost money to cryptocurrency scams, I strongly advise getting in touch with BONES RECOVERY BITCOIN. Contact address WhatsApp....‪+1-60-621-024-64‬ Email [email protected]

  • 19.08.25 18:54 patricialovick86

    How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A  Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. Contact: [email protected]  You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 19.08.25 18:54 patricialovick86

    How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A  Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. Contact: [email protected]  You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 19.08.25 18:54 patricialovick86

    How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A  Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. Contact: [email protected]  You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

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  • 20.08.25 17:00 lisared

    Few months ago I experienced one of the most devastating moments of my life €300k was stolen by hackers . When my money was stolen I felt hopeless, until I was introduced to Agent Jasmine Lopez her expertise and dedication gave me peace of mind. She skillfully traced complex transactions and tracked down the scammers, which would have been impossible for me to do on my own. Thanks to her tireless efforts, I was able to recover a significant portion of my lost funds. If you've fallen victim of hackers, I highly recommend reaching out to her. You can contact her via email at Recoveryfundprovider@gmail. com WhatsApp at +{44 736-644-5035}. Her attention to detail and commitment to her work are truly impressive. Don't hesitate to reach out her expertise could be the key to recovering your lost funds.

  • 20.08.25 20:42 vallatjosette

    My Wild Ride: How a Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech Helped Me Recover Lost Bitcoin of 103,000 It all started when I had the misfortune of misplacing the digital wallet containing my substantial cryptocurrency holdings - a staggering 103,000 bitcoins. I had amassed this sizable fortune over the years through strategic investments and careful trading, but in a moment of carelessness, the private keys to my digital wallet had vanished. Panic set in as I grappled with the gravity of my situation - those bitcoins, worth millions at the time, were effectively lost to the ether, inaccessible and seemingly unrecoverable. Just when I had resigned myself to the devastating financial blow, a chance encounter with a self-proclaimed "digital wizard" Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech presented a glimmer of hope. This enigmatic individual, who operated in the shadowy corners of the crypto underworld, claimed to possess the arcane knowledge and skills necessary to retrieve my lost digital wealth. Intrigued and desperate, I put my skepticism aside and entrusted this mysterious wizard with the task. What followed was a wild, suspenseful journey into the depths of blockchain technology and cryptography, as the wizard navigated complex algorithms, exploited vulnerabilities, and pieced together the puzzle of my missing private keys. After days of intense effort, Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech emerged triumphant, having successfully recovered the entirety of my 103,000 bitcoin stash. The sheer relief and elation I felt in that moment was indescribable, as I regained access to my small digital fortune and was able to secure my financial future. This harrowing experience taught me the invaluable lesson of never taking the security of my cryptocurrency holdings for granted, and the importance of always maintaining the utmost diligence when it comes to protecting one's digital wealth. Email: wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com     OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number  +18737715701 Thanks.

  • 21.08.25 01:54 michaeldavenport218

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 21.08.25 01:54 michaeldavenport218

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 21.08.25 01:54 michaeldavenport218

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 21.08.25 14:56 elainemurray

    E.M.A.I.L. [email protected] W.h.a.t.s.A.p.p. +1(561)(726)(3697) It all began with an Instagram advertisement. A man presented himself as a cryptocurrency investment coach, showcasing a luxurious lifestyle and screenshots of substantial profits. He claimed his trading algorithm could double any investment in a week. Curious, I decided to reach out to him. He said the minimum investment was $50,000 and sent me a link to a platform that looked legitimate. At first, everything seemed promising. My balance increased steadily, charts showed growth, and I felt excited. When I tried to withdraw the money, the system blocked the transaction and demanded a release fee of $15,000. I paid it, but my account was soon marked under review, and the coach stopped responding. I realised I had been scammed. Desperate, I turned to Techy Force Cyber Retrieval. From the first consultation, they carefully reviewed my case and assured me the funds could be traced. They explained how they would track the wallet addresses and follow the path of the stolen money. Their clear guidance made me feel confident. Over the next few weeks, Techy Force Cyber Retrieval kept me updated on every step. They traced the transactions. Their persistence and expertise were obvious, and I could see real progress. Even when the process felt slow, Techy Force Cyber Retrieval maintained clear communication. They explained each action and why it mattered. Their careful attention made the ordeal manageable and reassuring. A month later, thanks to Techy Force Cyber Retrieval, I was able to recover 80% of my money and have it safely returned to my bank account. Relief and gratitude overwhelmed me. What started as a tempting opportunity had turned into a stressful ordeal, but Techy Force Cyber Retrieval transformed it into a successful resolution.

  • 21.08.25 21:17 monte5757

    I went through one of the most painful experiences of my life I lost over $850,000 to scammers. They had no mercy,things got so bad that I even sold some of my properties just to keep up with their demands. At one point, I felt completely hopeless and trapped. But everything changed when I came across a legit recovery agent who actually helped me recover my funds and return them safely to my wallet. It was like getting my life back. If you’ve ever been scammed, please don’t give up. Reach out to Recoveryfundprovider [at] gmail [dot] com WhatsApp at +{44 736-644-5035}.she’s professional, reliable, and truly knows how to get results. I’m genuinely grateful I found her, and I believe you’ll thank me later too.

  • 22.08.25 08:00 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 22.08.25 08:00 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 22.08.25 08:00 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 23.08.25 05:11 ramiroalcazar

    A hacker skillfully impersonated one of our clients’ trusted suppliers and manipulated their finance department into transferring $180,000 worth of Bitcoin. The request appeared authentic, reinforced by falsified documents and meticulously crafted communication that mirrored the supplier’s established style. By the time the company uncovered the deception, the funds had already been funneled through numerous digital wallets. When they appealed to their bank for assistance, they were told recovery was impossible since cryptocurrency transactions are irreversible. The company suddenly faced the prospect of financial ruin. Confronted with this devastating loss, the client sought a specialized solution and turned to Techy Force Cyber Retrieval. From the initial consultation, our team demonstrated that hope remained. Unlike the bank, which dismissed their plea, Techy Force Cyber Retrieval meticulously analyzed every aspect of the fraud and assured the client that our blockchain specialists had the tools to trace and potentially reclaim the stolen assets. Our investigation began with a comprehensive audit of the fraudulent transactions. Using advanced blockchain forensics, Techy Force Cyber Retrieval’s analysts traced the stolen Bitcoin across a labyrinth of wallets and exchanges. Every development was documented with precision, and regular updates were delivered to the client, ensuring transparency and trust. This combination of technical mastery and clear communication provided reassurance during an otherwise overwhelming crisis. After persistent tracking and strategic intervention, Techy Force Cyber Retrieval achieved a remarkable outcome. From the original $180,000 that had been siphoned away, our team successfully recovered the equivalent of $160,000 in USDT. This restitution enabled the company to meet payroll obligations, stabilize its operations, and avert what had seemed like an inevitable collapse. What distinguished Techy Force Cyber Retrieval in the eyes of the client was not only our technical expertise but also our dedication and professionalism. We approached the case with urgency, maintained open communication at every stage, and treated the recovery effort with the utmost seriousness. At a moment when the client felt powerless, Techy Force Cyber Retrieval restored both their assets and their confidence. Now, victims of cryptocurrency fraud do not have to accept total loss. With the right expertise, recovery is achievable. Techy Force Cyber Retrieval stands as proof that even in situations deemed hopeless, we can deliver tangible results and provide businesses and individuals with a genuine second chance. CONSULT TECHY FORCE CYBER RETRIEVAL FOR A GREAT SOLUTION RECOVERY......... WHATSAPP.......... +15617263697 WEBSITE......... https://techyforcecyberretrieval.com

  • 24.08.25 01:05 samshaffer

    Have been on the quest for a way to recover my $195,000 from a forex broker. I was fortunate to meet Darek at ([email protected]) through a friend who was recommended as the best crypto recovery specialist he was the one who assisted me and restore my money back to my atomic wallet. I did reach him at [email protected] and it was an amazing experience. Never knew there was an expert who could trace back crypto until I met this great team. Don’t think twice, get connected with the right personnel now to avoid been fooled again..

  • 24.08.25 06:32 amy

    I have lost all hope to recover my investment in pragmatic trade which I lost $125,000 in the process of investment. I'm here to say thank you to anthony davies for being a man of your word got my funds recovered back plus a bonus within a week of working with [email protected] I hope people make use of this opportunity as well and don't give up on getting your funds back. is also available on Telegram: @anthonydavies01

  • 24.08.25 17:13 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 24.08.25 17:13 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 24.08.25 17:13 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 24.08.25 18:39 nelly young

    Getting your USDC stolen feels like the ground has been pulled out from under you. It’s not just about the money you’ve been violated, and your security is at risk. And since crypto lives on the blockchain, there’s no bank to call and no quick refund. That’s why you need someone who knows exactly what to do. Agent Jasmine Lopez has helped countless victims trace stolen USDC and lock down their accounts before more damage happens. Time matters reach her today at [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035 and take the first step toward getting your funds and peace of mind back.

  • 24.08.25 23:56 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: Recoverycapital @fastservice. com Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 24.08.25 23:56 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: Recoverycapital @fastservice. com Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 24.08.25 23:56 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: Recoverycapital @fastservice. com Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 25.08.25 00:55 vallatjosette

    My Wild Ride: How a Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech Helped Me Recover Lost Bitcoin of 103,000 It all started when I had the misfortune of misplacing the digital wallet containing my substantial cryptocurrency holdings - a staggering 103,000 bitcoins. I had amassed this sizable fortune over the years through strategic investments and careful trading, but in a moment of carelessness, the private keys to my digital wallet had vanished. Panic set in as I grappled with the gravity of my situation - those bitcoins, worth millions at the time, were effectively lost to the ether, inaccessible and seemingly unrecoverable. Just when I had resigned myself to the devastating financial blow, a chance encounter with a self-proclaimed "digital wizard" Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech presented a glimmer of hope. This enigmatic individual, who operated in the shadowy corners of the crypto underworld, claimed to possess the arcane knowledge and skills necessary to retrieve my lost digital wealth. Intrigued and desperate, I put my skepticism aside and entrusted this mysterious wizard with the task. What followed was a wild, suspenseful journey into the depths of blockchain technology and cryptography, as the wizard navigated complex algorithms, exploited vulnerabilities, and pieced together the puzzle of my missing private keys. After days of intense effort, Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech emerged triumphant, having successfully recovered the entirety of my 103,000 bitcoin stash. The sheer relief and elation I felt in that moment was indescribable, as I regained access to my small digital fortune and was able to secure my financial future. This harrowing experience taught me the invaluable lesson of never taking the security of my cryptocurrency holdings for granted, and the importance of always maintaining the utmost diligence when it comes to protecting one's digital wealth. Email: wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com     OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number  +18737715701 Thanks.

  • 25.08.25 05:14 samshaffer

    Have been on the quest for a way to recover my $195,000 from a forex broker. I was fortunate to meet Darek at ([email protected]) through a friend who was recommended as the best crypto recovery specialist he was the one who assisted me and restore my money back to my atomic wallet. I did reach him at [email protected] and it was an amazing experience. Never knew there was an expert who could trace back crypto until I met this great team. Don’t think twice, get connected with the right personnel now to avoid been fooled again..

  • 26.08.25 10:14 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 26.08.25 10:14 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 26.08.25 10:14 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 26.08.25 23:59 floridaberna

    It began as an entirely ordinary afternoon when an unexpected message appeared in my Facebook inbox. The sender was a woman I had never encountered. She introduced herself with warmth and courtesy, explaining that her late husband had been deeply invested in Bitcoin before his sudden passing. According to her narrative, he had left behind a vast fortune in cryptocurrency. However, due to intricate international banking regulations and legal entanglements, she was unable to access the funds without external assistance. Her words carried an air of urgency yet also sincerity. She claimed she had come across my profile in a cryptocurrency discussion forum and believed I might be the right person to help. The obstacle she faced was a set of legal fees amounting to $25,000. Once those costs were paid, she assured me the Bitcoin would be unlocked and a generous portion would be mine in gratitude. Against my better instincts, I allowed myself to be persuaded. She provided what appeared to be legitimate documents and even screenshots of supposed legal correspondence. The level of detail made her story feel authentic. After several exchanges, I transferred the $25,000.Almost immediately, her demeanor shifted. Responses became sporadic and vague. Within days, communication ceased entirely. My optimism dissolved into dread as I recognized the truth. I had been deceived. Refusing to surrender, I searched for solutions and discovered TECHY FORCE CYBER RETRIEVAL, a firm specializing in tracing and reclaiming stolen cryptocurrency. Their team outlined a meticulous plan to track the blockchain trail, identify the sequence of wallets involved, and coordinate with local authorities to freeze the assets before they disappeared into the labyrinth of the crypto underworld. Time was critical. In the volatile realm of digital currency, stolen funds can be laundered through countless transactions within hours. Yet TECHY FORCE CYBER RETRIEVAL pursued each lead with relentless precision. They provided regular progress updates and explained how every crypto transaction leaves a digital footprint, no matter how deeply it is buried. Weeks later, the breakthrough came. The fraudulent account was located, the illicit funds were flagged, and to my immense relief, I recovered 100% of my stolen money. This left me with an invaluable lesson. The internet is full of opportunists who prey on trust and desperation. But should you ever fall victim, know that there are experts like TECHY FORCE CYBER RETRIEVAL who can help you reclaim what is rightfully yours.  MAil     support (@) techyforcecyberretrieval (.) com        WhatsApp   +1 561 726 369 7         Website    ht tp s : / / techy force cyber retrieval . com

  • 27.08.25 17:24 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 27.08.25 17:24 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 27.08.25 17:24 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 27.08.25 20:27 maximeden68

    Top Crypto Bitcoin Wallet Recovery Services Contact iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY I wish to express my sincere gratitude to iForce Hacker Recovery for their exceptional service in recovering my lost bitcoin. Their expertise and professionalism were evident throughout the process, providing me with reassurance during a challenging time. The team's dedication to client satisfaction and their effective strategies were instrumental in resolving my issue. I highly recommend their services to anyone facing similar challenges. Thank you, iForce Hacker Recovery. Contact iForce Hacker Recovery: Email: iforcehk @ consultant. com WhatsApp: +1 (240) 803-3706 Website: iforcehackers. com/

  • 27.08.25 21:21 dbeverly

    One morning I received an email that looked like it came from my cryptocurrency exchange, OKX. The subject warned: Suspicious activity detected and urged me to log in via a link. The message seemed authentic — perfect logos, formatting, even the sender’s address. My pulse spiked and I clicked. The site that opened was indistinguishable from OKX’s homepage. Convinced it was real, I entered my username and password. Moments later, dread set in: my account was emptied. $12,500 in Bitcoin was gone. I called OKX, hoping for a reversal, but the representative explained transfers were irreversible. Desperate, I turned to GRAYWARE TECH SERVICE. From the first call, their professionalism was clear. They carefully examined my case, tracing the stolen Bitcoin across the blockchain. They identified the destination wallets and mapped every move the hackers made. Their regular updates turned fear into cautious optimism. Acting swiftly, GRAYWARE coordinated with exchanges along the path of the stolen funds, freezing assets before they could vanish. Their vigilance and expertise kept me informed and reassured. After two tense weeks, the breakthrough came: my full $12,500 was recovered and returned to my OKX account. What began as a nightmare became a success thanks to GRAYWARE TECH SERVICE’s relentless determination. They didn’t just recover my money — they restored my confidence in digital security. Contact: WhatsApp: +1 858 275 9508 Website: https://graywaretechservice.com Email: [email protected]

  • 28.08.25 10:08 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 28.08.25 10:08 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 28.08.25 10:08 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 28.08.25 13:50 Maureensels

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  • 28.08.25 13:50 Maureensels

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  • 28.08.25 16:31 wendytaylor015

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  • 28.08.25 16:31 wendytaylor015

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  • 28.08.25 19:17 leticiazavala

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  • 29.08.25 09:20 marcushenderson624

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  • 29.08.25 09:20 marcushenderson624

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  • 29.08.25 09:20 marcushenderson624

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  • 30.08.25 01:40 Moises Velez

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  • 31.08.25 14:19 jack118

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  • 31.08.25 23:14 robertalfred175

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  • 31.08.25 23:14 robertalfred175

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  • 31.08.25 23:14 robertalfred175

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  • 01.09.25 04:55 Maurice Cherry

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  • 01.09.25 11:06 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 01.09.25 11:07 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 01.09.25 16:41 Anitastar

    Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech's strategic approach to Bitcoin recovery represents a mutually beneficial collaboration that offers valuable advantages for all involved. At the core of this innovative partnership is a shared commitment to leveraging cutting-edge technology and expertise to tackle the increasingly complex challenges of cryptocurrency theft and loss. By combining Wizard Hilton's world-class cybersecurity capabilities with the deep industry insights and recovery methodologies of Cyber Tech, this alliance is poised to revolutionize the way individuals and organizations safeguard their digital assets. Through a meticulous, multi-layered process, the team meticulously analyzes each case, employing advanced forensic techniques to trace the flow of stolen funds and identify potential recovery avenues. This rigorous approach not only maximizes the chances of successful Bitcoin retrieval, but also provides invaluable intelligence to enhance future security measures and prevention strategies. Importantly, the collaboration is built on a foundation of trust, transparency, and a genuine concern for the well-being of clients, ensuring that the recovery process is handled with the utmost care and discretion. As the cryptocurrency landscape continues to evolve, this strategic alliance between Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech stands as a shining example of how industry leaders can come together to safeguard digital assets, protect victims of cybercrime, and pave the way for a more secure and resilient cryptocurrency ecosystem. Email : wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com     OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number  +18737715701 Thanks.

  • 01.09.25 17:03 WILLER GOODY

    Don’t be misled by the countless stories you come across online many of them are unreliable and can easily steer you in the wrong direction. I personally tried several so-called recovery services, only to end up frustrated and disappointed every single time. But everything changed when I finally connected with a true tech professional who genuinely knows what they’re doing. Instead of wasting time and energy with unskilled hackers who make empty promises, it’s far better to work with a proven expert who can actually recover your stolen or lost cryptocurrency, including Bitcoins. [email protected] is, without a doubt, one of the most trustworthy and skilled blockchain specialists I’ve ever come across. If you’ve lost money to scammers, don’t give up. Reach out to their email today and take the first step toward getting your coins back. You can also contact them at +44 736-644-5035.

  • 02.09.25 23:12 [email protected]

    Sylvester Bryant has recovered over £151,000 in lost cryptocurrency. You can reach him for assistance via email at Yt7cracker@gmail. com. For direct communication, Sylvester Bryant is available on WhatsApp at +1 512 577 7957. This service proved invaluable when other recovery methods had failed. The money was recovered quickly and effectively. My financial situation was dire prior to this. This recovery has restored my financial stability. This reliable support was crucial during a difficult time. Mr. Bryant's skill in retrieving lost funds is remarkable.

  • 03.09.25 07:17 Fabian3

    Scammers have ruined the forex trading market, they have deceived many people with their fake promises on high returns. I learnt my lesson the hard way. I only pity people who still consider investing with them. Please try and make your researches, you will definitely come across better and reliable forex trading agencies that would help you yield profit and not ripping off your money. Also, if your money has been ripped-off by these scammers, you can report to a regulated crypto investigative unit who make use of software to get money back. They helped me recover my scammed funds back to me If you encounter with some issue make sure you contact ([email protected]) they're recovery expert and a very effective and reliable .

  • 04.09.25 02:11 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 04.09.25 02:11 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 04.09.25 02:45 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 04.09.25 16:24 Melbourne

    Sylvester Bryant has recovered over £151,000 in lost cryptocurrency. You can reach him for assistance via email at Yt7cracker@gmail. com. For direct communication, Sylvester Bryant is available on WhatsApp at +1 512 577 7957. This service proved invaluable when other recovery methods had failed. The money was recovered quickly and effectively. My financial situation was dire prior to this. This recovery has restored my financial stability. This reliable support was crucial during a difficult time. Mr. Bryant's skill in retrieving lost funds is remarkable.

  • 04.09.25 18:11 WILLER GOODY

    Don't fall for fake recovery scams online. Many people promise to help you get back lost crypto. They often just make excuses or don't deliver. This leads to more disappointment and lost hope. After many bad experiences, I finally found a real expert. They were professional and knew what they were doing. This person actually recovered my stolen coins. They gave me peace of mind back. If you lost crypto, contact them at [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035. Don't waste your time with others. They can help you get your money back.

  • 05.09.25 08:14 Amostampari

    How can I Recover My Lost Btc, Usdt - Wizard Larry Recovery Experts. Get Your Stolen Crypto Coins Back By Hiring A Hacker || I Can't Get Into My USDT? Account, It Seems Like I Was Hacked || Do You Need A Bitcoin Recovery Expert? Getting Lost, Stolen Crypto, or Hacked? How can I retrieve cryptocurrency from a con artist? Do I need a hacker to get my money back? Getting in dealing with a reputable business like Wizard Larry Recovery Experts could help you get your money back if you can't access your USDT account or have lost Bitcoin or NFT as a result of hacking or scams. For additional support and direction on your particular circumstance, it is advised that you get in touch with them at the address below ADDRESS Website... https://larrywizard43.wixsite.com/wizardlarry OR www.wizardlarryrecovery. com Email... wizardlarry@mail. com WhtsApp or call,.. +447 (311) 146 749

  • 05.09.25 15:39 micheal1219

    Losing USDT can be upsetting. This stablecoin usually stays close to the dollar's value. However, mistakes happen. Bugs in code, scams, or sending funds to the wrong place can cause losses. It might feel like the money is gone forever. But often, recovery is possible. Contact Marie at [email protected]. You can also reach her on Telegram at @marie_consultancy or WhatsApp at +17127594675.

  • 06.09.25 09:21 Young Felix

    [email protected] will Help you Recovery your Scammed Funds.

  • 06.09.25 09:22 Young Felix

    [email protected] will Help you Recovery your Scammed Funds. I just had to share my experience with Intel Fox Recovery Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my BTC, however, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. Here is another caution; not all recovery services are legit. I personally lost 3 BTC from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you happen to have suffered a similar loss, consider INTEL FOX RECOVERY SERVICES. Their services not only showcase a highly mannerism of professionalism but also effectiveness of how they handle and assist their clients. Therefore, I highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance in recovering their stolen BTC.

  • 06.09.25 18:52 michaeldavenport218

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 06.09.25 18:52 michaeldavenport218

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 08.09.25 14:26 bajo171

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  • 08.09.25 18:04 marcushenderson624

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  • 08.09.25 18:04 marcushenderson624

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  • 08.09.25 19:21 DAVEortega1010

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  • 02:34 wendytaylor015

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  • 02:34 wendytaylor015

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  • 02:34 wendytaylor015

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  • 11:48 Moises Velez

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  • 15:05 patricialovick86

    How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A  Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. Contact: [email protected]  You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 15:05 patricialovick86

    How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A  Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. Contact: [email protected]  You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 15:05 patricialovick86

    How To Recover Your Bitcoin Without Falling Victim To Scams: A  Testimony Experience With Capital Crypto Recover Services, Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Dear Everyone, I would like to take a moment to share my positive experience with Capital Crypto Recover Services. Initially, I was unsure if it would be possible to recover my stolen bitcoins. However, with their expertise and professionalism, I was able to fully recover my funds. Unfortunately, many individuals fall victim to scams in the cryptocurrency space, especially those involving fraudulent investment platforms. However, I advise caution, as not all recovery services are legitimate. I personally lost $273,000 worth of Bitcoin from my Binance account due to a deceptive platform. If you have suffered a similar loss, you may be considering crypto recovery, The Capital Crypto Recover is the most knowledgeable and effective Capital Crypto Recovery Services assisted me in recovering my stolen funds within 24 hours, after getting access to my wallet. Their service was not only prompt but also highly professional and effective, and many recovery services may not be trustworthy. Therefore, I highly recommend Capital Crypto Recover to you. i do always research and see reviews about their service, For assistance finding your misplaced cryptocurrency, get in touch with them, They do their jobs quickly and excellently, Stay safe and vigilant in the crypto world. Contact: [email protected]  You can reach them via email at [email protected] OR Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

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