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[Перевод] Может ли ИИ заменить врача-терапевта? Исследование ученых из Google DeepMind

Представьте себе типичное воскресное утро: Сергей просыпается с небольшим кашлем и, вместо того чтобы выпить чай с медом, немедленно консультируется со своим любимым ИИ-помощником.

"У меня лёгкий кашель," — пишет он.

ИИ анализирует сообщение и выдаёт: "По моим данным, у вас, возможно, одно из следующего: простуда, аллергия, пневмония, бронхит, туберкулёз, легочный фиброз или редкое тропическое заболевание, о котором вы, вероятно, никогда не слышали."
К вечеру Сергей уже убежден, что у него неизлечимая экзотическая болезнь. Он заказывает лекарства из пятнадцати стран, составляет завещание и звонит родственникам попрощаться. А на следующий день кашель проходит сам собой.

Комичная ситуация, не правда ли? Группа ученых из Google Research и Google DeepMind решила выяснить, справедлива ли привычная ирония в отношении ИИ-диагностики. Результаты опубликовали не где-нибудь, а в журнале Nature, и этот хабрапост — адаптированный перевод этой статьи.

Сможет ли ИИ превзойти опытных терапевтов в составлении точных дифференциальных диагнозов? Смогут ли результаты исследования перевернуть наше представление о роли искусственного интеллекта в медицине? И речь идет не о простудах и аллергиях — нужно выявлять редкие и сложные заболевания, зачастую ускользающие от внимания человека-врача…


Аннотация

Ключевой элемент медицинской помощи — всесторонний дифференциальный диагноз (ДД) — это не моментальное озарение, а методичная работа врача по сбору и осмыслению различной информации о пациенте. Врач последовательно анализирует совокупность данных — клинический анамнез, результаты осмотра, лабораторных и инструментальных исследований и процедур.

Интерактивные интерфейсы на базе больших языковых моделей (LLM) открывают новые возможности для содействия и автоматизации некоторых аспектов этого процесса (1). В данной работе ученые представляют Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer (AMIE) — большую языковую модель (LLM), оптимизированную для диагностических рассуждений, и оценивают ее способность генерировать дифференциальный диагноз как самостоятельно, так и в качестве вспомогательного инструмента для клиницистов.

Двадцать клиницистов оценили 302 сложных медицинских случая из реальной практики, взятых из опубликованных описаний клинических случаев. Каждое описание случая было рассмотрено двумя клиницистами, которые были случайным образом распределены в одну из двух групп исследования: использование поисковых систем и стандартных медицинских ресурсов; или использование AMIE в дополнение к этим инструментам. Все клиницисты предоставляли исходный дифференциальный диагноз без посторонней помощи перед использованием соответствующих вспомогательных инструментов.

AMIE продемонстрировала самостоятельную производительность, превосходящую производительность клиницистов без помощи (точность top-10 59,1% против 33,6%, P = 0,04). При сравнении двух исследовательских групп с использованием помощи, оценка качества дифференциального диагноза была выше у клиницистов, которым помогала AMIE (точность top-10 51,7%), по сравнению с клиницистами без ее помощи (36,1%; критерий Мак-Немара: 45,7, P < 0,01) и клиницистами, использующими поиск (44,4%; критерий Мак-Немара: 4,75, P = 0,03). Кроме того, клиницисты, которым помогала AMIE, составляли более полные списки дифференциальных диагнозов, чем те, кто не использовал помощь AMIE.

Исследование предполагает, что AMIE имеет потенциал для улучшения диагностических рассуждений и точности диагностики в сложных случаях, что заслуживает дальнейшей оценки в реальных условиях и способствует расширению возможностей врачей и доступа пациентов к экспертным знаниям уровня специалистов.

Основная часть

Точный диагноз является критически важным компонентом эффективной медицинской помощи. Создание систем искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), способных выполнять эту важную задачу или помогать в ней клиницистам, уже давно является одной из важнейших глобальных задач(2). В то время как предыдущие исследования были сосредоточены на оценке способности машины точно выдавать диагноз (1,3,4,5), реальная клиническая практика включает итеративный и интерактивный процесс рассуждений о ДД, взвешивание множества диагностических возможностей в свете постоянно увеличивающегося объема клинической информации.

Глубокое обучение было применено с многообещающим эффектом для генерации ДД в ряде специальностей, включая радиологию (4), офтальмологию (5) и дерматологию (3), но такие системы не обладают интерактивными возможностями для свободного ассистирования пользователю посредством коммуникации на естественном языке.

Появление больших языковых моделей (LLM) предоставляет возможность для разработки новых интерактивных инструментов и интерфейсов для помощи в ДД. Эти модели продемонстрировали способность выполнять сложные задачи понимания языка и рассуждений, генерируя связный текст и тем самым обеспечивая большое разнообразие реальных применений (6,7,8,9).

Как LLM общего назначения (GPT-4), так и LLM, специализированные для медицинской области (Med-PaLM 2), показали высокую производительность на стандартизированных медицинских бенчмарках и тестах с множественным выбором (10,11). Такие оценки представляют собой естественную отправную точку для изучения медицинских знаний и возможностей модели, но не измеряют полезность в реальных сценариях оказания медицинской помощи, например, в сложных медицинских случаях, с которыми сталкиваются квалифицированные врачи. Также не очевидно, как эти модели могут активно помогать клиницистам в разработке ДД.

Недавние работы начали оценивать качество самостоятельной работы этих моделей на сложных описаниях случаев, требующих комплексной дедукции и диагностики (1,12,13,14), но не дошли до оценки того, как они могут помогать клиницистам, повышать их производительность и расширять их возможности для предоставления лучшей помощи.

Здесь представляем AMIE, LLM, оптимизированную для клинических диагностических рассуждений с целью генерации ДД для сложных медицинских случаев из реальной практики. Помимо измерения самостоятельной производительности, интегрировали эту модель в интерактивный интерфейс, чтобы измерить, насколько хорошо AMIE может помогать клиницистам в разработке ДД.

Используя набор сложных описаний реальных случаев из клинико-патологических конференций (Clinicopathological Conferences, CPC) журнала New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), сравнили способность клиницистов формировать ДД с помощью AMIE и с доступом к традиционным инструментам поиска информации (таким как интернет-поиск и книги). AMIE достигла впечатляющей производительности как в генерации списков ДД, содержащих правильный диагноз (точность top-10), так и в определении правильного окончательного диагноза как наиболее вероятного в списке (точность top-1).

При автоматизированной оценке на основе модели качество и точность списка ДД, созданного AMIE, оказались значительно лучше, чем у модели "state-of-the-art" GPT-4, доступной на момент проведения экспериментов (1). Возможно, что еще важнее, AMIE также улучшила диагностические способности клиницистов, что измерялось качеством их списков ДД для оцененных случаев.

LLM, оптимизированные для критически важной с точки зрения безопасности медицинской области, такие как эта, представляют новую парадигму помощи клиницистам из-за потенциального разнообразия способов, которыми конкретный индивидуум может взаимодействовать с системой и использовать ее в совместных рассуждениях.

Подробное объяснение случаев, их компонентов, способа их подачи в модель, схемы рандомизации AMIE по сравнению со стандартной практикой, а также информация об экспертах-оценщиках (expert raters) модели и о том, как результаты оценивались в слепых тестах, можно найти в разделе «Методы».

При оценке качества списков ДД использовали несколько критериев, вдохновленных подходом, принятым в работе (1), и расширенных для получения дополнительных инсайтов от клиницистов. Во-первых, измеряли, совпадает ли окончательный диагноз с записью в списке ДД и на какой позиции (точность top-n). Во-вторых, использовали оценку качества из работы Bond et al. (15) и создали шкалы уместности (appropriateness) и полноты (comprehensiveness). В совокупности эти показатели оценивают общее качество, уместность и полноту ДД.

При использовании AMIE для помощи, клиницисты задавали в среднем 2,92 вопроса в интерфейсе (медиана 2, межквартильный размах (IQR) 1–4). В среднем вопросы клиницистов состояли из 9,39 слов (медиана 10, IQR 6–12) и 54,31 символов (медиана 61, IQR 39–63). Ответы AMIE в среднем состояли из 237,60 слов (медиана 198, IQR 127–332) и 1 540,81 символов (медиана 1 276; IQR 815–2210).

Когда врачам разрешали использовать поиск, наиболее популярными инструментами оказались UpToDate (использовался в 34% задач), Google Search (30%) и PubMed (22%). В сценарии проверки возможностей нейросети, клиницистам было разрешено использовать всё те же инструменты, но, по факту, этим почти никто не занимался. Вместе с нейросетью, инструментами поиска пользовались менее чем в 5% задач.

Производительность AMIE в генерации ДД

Списки ДД, созданные языковой моделью, достигли высоких оценок качества, уместности и полноты (см. Рис. 1). Медианная оценка качества составила 5 («ДД включает правильный диагноз»), причем 54% списков ДД получили эту оценку. Количество случаев, получивших оценку 5 (т.е. ДД включал правильный диагноз), было статистически значимо выше для AMIE по сравнению с клиницистами без помощи (критерий Мак-Немара: 64,4, P < 0,01). Средняя оценка уместности составила 4,43 из 5 (стандартное отклонение (s.d.) 0,92). Медианная оценка полноты составила 4 («ДД содержит всех разумных кандидатов»), причем 55% списков ДД получили эту оценку.

Рис. 1: Оценка качества списков ДД от врачей общей практики.

cd41c6436e1823e561b5c8d3bdc8c1d1.png

а) Оценка качества ДД на основе вопроса: «Насколько близки были дифференциальные диагнозы (ДД) к включению окончательного диагноза?»
b) Оценка полноты ДД на основе вопроса: «Используя ваш список ДД в качестве эталона/золотого стандарта, насколько полны списки ДД от каждого из экспертов?»
c) Оценка уместности ДД на основе вопроса: «Насколько уместны были списки ДД от разных медицинских экспертов по сравнению со списком дифференциальных диагнозов, который вы только что составили?»

Цвета соответствуют группам эксперимента, а оттенок цвета соответствует разным уровням на шкалах оценки. Во всех случаях AMIE и клиницисты, которым помогала AMIE, получили самые высокие общие оценки. Числа отражают количество случаев (из 302). Обратите внимание, что у клиницистов была возможность ответить «Я не уверен» на эти вопросы; они использовали эту опцию в очень небольшом количестве (менее 1%) случаев.

Средняя оценка уместности AMIE (4,34) была значительно выше, чем у клиницистов без помощи (3,74) (парный t-критерий (paired t-test) 8,52, P < 0,001, критерий знаковых рангов Уилкоксона (Wilcoxon signed-rank test): 2 857,5, P < 0,001) или у клиницистов с возможностью использовать инструменты поиска (3,80) (парный t-критерий 7,23, P < 0,001, критерий знаковых рангов Уилкоксона: 3 308,5, P < 0,001) или «LLM» (4,06) (парный t-критерий 4,98, P < 0,001, критерий знаковых рангов Уилкоксона: 2 752,0, P < 0,001).

Для расчета точности top-n, если какой-либо из первых n диагнозов в индивидуальном ДД был помечен языковой моделью как правильный, дифференциальный диагноз считался правильным. Была рассчитана доля правильных списков ДД по всем случаям, чтобы вычислить точность top-n (для n от 1 до 10) для каждого ДД. AMIE стабильно генерировала списки, которые хорошо сопоставляются с истинным диагнозом (Рис. 2).

AMIE предоставила правильный диагноз в 177 (59%) списках, и в 89 (29%) списках он был на первом месте. Эти показатели выше, чем достигнутые клиницистами в любом из условий. Точность top-10 AMIE (59,1%) была значительно выше, чем точность top-10 для клиницистов без помощи (33,6%) (P = 0,04) (Табл. 1 и 2).

Рис. 2: Точность Top-n в списках ДД по результатам человеческой и автоматизированной оценок.

58e2e00d7d091f03797c186890917304.png



Процентная точность списков ДД с окончательным диагнозом по результатам человеческой оценки (слева) или автоматизированной оценки (справа). Точки отражают среднее значение; закрашенные области показывают ±1 стандартное отклонение (s.d.) от среднего.

Табл. 1 Точность Top-1 и top-10 списков ДД, созданных с помощью AMIE и поиска

Model only

Human

AMIE

Before assistance

After Search assistance

After AMIE assistance

Metrics

Top-1↑

Top-10↑

Top-1↑

Top-10↑

Top-1↑

Top-10↑

Top-1↑

Top-10↑

Full set (302 cases)

29,2%

59,1%

15,9%

33,6%

24,3%

44,5%

25,2%

51,8%

Set with no overlap (56 cases)

35,4%

55,4%

13,8%

34,6%

29,2%

46,2%

24,6%

52,3%

Difference compared to full set

+6,2%

-3,7%

-2,1%

+1,0%

+4,9%

+1,7%

-0,6%

+0,5%

Set with partial overlap (249 cases)

29,9%

61,4%

14,9%

33,1%

24,3%

44,2%

24,7%

51,4

Difference compared to full set

+0,7%

+2,3%

-1,0%

-0,5%

0%

-0,3%

-0,5%

-0,4%

Табл. 2 Точность Top-1 и top-10 списков ДД, созданных с помощью AMIE и поиска, по специальностям

Model only

Human

AMIE

Before assistance

After Search assistance

After AMIE assistance

Metrics

Top-1

Top-10

Top-1

Top-10

Top-1

Top-10

Top-1

Top-10

Internal medicine (159 cases)

27.7%

61.6%

15.5%

34.6%

24.5%

47.8%

24.5%

52.8%

Neurology (42 cases)

26.8%

56.1%

17.1%

31.7%

22.0%

36.6%

24.4%

51.2%

Paediatrics (33 cases)

30.3%

45.5%

6.1%

22.7%

12.1%

33.3%

15.2%

30.3%

Psychiatry (10 cases)

50.0%

70.0%

20.0%

50.0%

20.0%

60.0%

30.0%

60.0%

Рис. 2 показывает точность на основе человеческой и автоматизированной метрики. Результаты в целом схожи, несмотря на то, что окончательные диагнозы часто бывают сложными и имеют нюансы, автоматизированная метрика точно отражает различие между списком ДД, который включает правильный диагноз, и тем, который его не включает.

Клиницисты в исследовании не были обязаны предоставлять полный список из десяти диагнозов для каждого случая. Клиницисты в условиях I и II должны были предоставить минимум три диагноза. Медианное количество предоставленных диагнозов было шесть.

Производительность при n = 6 имеет особое значение. Не все клиницисты предоставили шесть диагнозов, поэтому ввели переменную top-n, где для каждого случая n устанавливалось равным количеству диагнозов, предоставленных клиницистами-людьми. По переменной top-n производительность AMIE составила 59,4% — это похоже на производительность при n = 9 и n = 10. Следовательно, тот факт, что AMIE выдавала полный список из десяти диагнозов, не давал ей преимущества по сравнению с клиницистами.

AMIE как ассистент для ДД

Из списков ДД, созданных до получения помощи, лишь 37% (без использования инструментов поиска) и 29% (без использования AMIE) достигли оценки качества 5 (Рис. 1). Для сравнения, 49% списков, созданных с помощью AMIE, получили оценку 5.

Количество случаев, получивших оценку 5 (т.е. ДД включал правильный диагноз), было статистически выше для клиницистов, которым помогала AMIE, по сравнению с клиницистами без помощи (критерий Мак-Немара: 48,3, P < 0,01) и клиницистами с помощью инструментов поиска (5,45, P = 0,02).

По полноте, количество случаев, получивших оценку 4 (т.е. «ДД содержит все разумные варианты»), было статистически выше для клиницистов, которым помогала AMIE, по сравнению с клиницистами без помощи (критерий Мак-Немара: 185,8, P < 0,01) и клиницистами с помощью инструментов поиска (185,8, P < 0,01). В качестве проверки согласованности, количество случаев, получивших оценку 4, не было статистически выше для базовых значений при использовании поиска (I) и базовых значений для AMIE (II) (критерий Мак-Немара: 1,47, P = 0,23).

Средняя оценка уместности после помощи с AMIE (4,06) была значительно выше, чем после применения с «поиска» (3,80) (парный t-критерий 3,32, P = 0,001) и в исходном состоянии (baseline) (3,74) (парный t-критерий 4,79, P < 0,001).

Таким образом, при поддержке AMIE оценки качества, уместности и полноты списков ДД были выше, чем для списков до получения помощи (см. Рис. 1).

Точность top-n увеличилась с помощью AMIE по сравнению с работой без помощи (см. Рис. 2).


Диаграмма Сэнки (Sankey diagram) иллюстрирует влияние двух форм помощи (поиск и AMIE) на точность top-10 (Рис. 3).

При использовании AMIE, есть 73 случая, в которых окончательный диагноз не фигурировал до использования инструмента, его включили после помощи от AMIE. Этот результат контрастирует только с 37 случаями при использовании поиска. Сравнивая две исследовательские группы с использованием помощи, оценка качества ДД была выше для клиницистов, которым помогала AMIE (точность top-10 51,7%), по сравнению с клиницистами без ее помощи (36,1%) (критерий Мак-Немара: 45,7, P < 0,01) и клиницистами с поиском (44,4%) (4,75, P = 0,03).

Рис. 3: Диаграмма Сэнки, показывающая эффект помощи.

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a) На левой части диаграммы, в 73 случаях, окончательный правильный диагноз появился в списке ДД только после того, как врачам начала помогать AMIE.
b) При использовании инструментов поиска, окончательный правильный диагноз появился в списке ДД только после помощи в 37 случаях.
В небольшом меньшинстве случаев в обеих группах (AMIE: 11 (a); поиск: 12 (b)) окончательный диагноз присутствовал в списке ДД до помощи, но отсутствовал в списке после помощи.

Продолжительность выполнения задачи с AMIE и поиском

Время, затраченное на создание обновленных списков ДД в условии «поиск» по сравнению с условием «AMIE», было схожим («поиск»: 7,19 ± 5,33 мин, AMIE: 7,29 ± 6,41 мин (среднее ± ст. откл.)). Эти значения не имели статистически значимых различий (парный t-критерий P = 0,807), что удивительно, поскольку все клиницисты имели опыт использования интернет-поиска и других инструментов извлечения информации, но использовали интерфейс AMIE впервые. Предполагалось, что им потребуется больше времени на использование AMIE из-за начальной кривой обучения (learning curve).

Длина списков ДД с AMIE и поиском

Без помощи медианная длина списков ДД составляла 6 (IQR 5–9); среднее значение было 6,41 (s.d. 2,39). С поиском, медианная длина списка ДД составляла 7 (IQR 5–10); среднее значение было 6,92 (s.d. 2,52). С AMIE, медианная длина списка ДД составляла 8 (IQR 6–10); среднее значение было 7,58 (s.d. 2,33). С помощью AMIE, длина списков ДД была больше, чем без помощи (парный t-критерий: 7,13, P < 0,001) и длиннее, чем списки ДД с помощью поиска (парный t-критерий: 3,15, P = 0,002).

Сравнение AMIE с GPT-4

Поскольку не было того же набора людей-оценщиков, которые оценивали дифференциальные диагнозы, созданные GPT-4 и AMIE, не удалось напрямую сравнивать показатели точности top-10. Поэтому, в дизайне исследования оценивается производительность на этом подмножестве: из 70 случаев (описанных в [1]), используется автоматизированная метрика (которая, как показано выше, относительно согласуется с человеческой оценкой). AMIE показывает лучшую производительность по точности top-n для n > 1, причем разрыв наиболее заметен для n > 2 (Рис. 4). Это предполагает потенциально значительные улучшения в качестве и полноте дифференциальных диагнозов, созданных AMIE. Для n = 1 GPT-4 показывает несколько лучшую, но статистически не значимую производительность.

Рис. 4: Точность Top-n в списках ДД от разных LLM.

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Сравнение процентного соотношения списков ДД, включавших окончательный диагноз, для AMIE по сравнению с GPT-4 для 70 случаев. Использовали Med-PaLM 2, GPT-4 и AMIE в качестве оценщиков — все показали схожие тенденции. Точки отражают среднее значение; закрашенные области показывают отклонение ±1 s.d. от среднего по 10 испытаниям (trials).
Полный размер изображения

Обсуждение

В статье использовалась популярная серия сложных диагностических задач для оценки LLM, оптимизированной для клинических рассуждений и диагностики (AMIE); как в самостоятельном качестве, так и в рамках рандомизированных сравнений в качестве вспомогательного инструмента для врачей.

В самостоятельной производительности, AMIE генерировала более уместные и полные списки ДД, чем врачи без помощи, причем ее списки с большей вероятностью включали окончательный диагноз, чем списки от сертифицированного врача-терапевта, независимо от того, какая позиция в списке ДД рассматривалась (т.е. точность top-n при n от 1 до 10).
Клиницисты, использующие AMIE в качестве ассистента, создавали ДД с более высокой точностью top-n, а также с бóльшим качеством, уместностью и полнотой по сравнению с тем, что наблюдается в работе врачей вне исследования.

Клинические случаи из New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM CPC), рассматриваемые здесь, хорошо известны тем, что представляют собой уникальные и сложные клинические головоломки. В этих особых условиях система AMIE превзошла обычных сертифицированных врачей как по точности первого предложенного диагноза (top-1), так и по точности списка возможных диагнозов (top-n).

Хотя CPC традиционно служат эталоном для проверки навыков сложной диагностики, важно понимать, что успешность в решении этих случаев не отражает общую компетентность врача в его повседневной работе (16). Более того, сам процесс формирования дифференциального диагноза (ДД) включает множество других этапов, не охваченных данным исследованием, включая целенаправленный сбор информации в условиях неопределенности. Эта задача остаётся трудной для систем искусственного интеллекта, несмотря на недавние технические прорывы в этой области (17, 18, 19).

Исходя из этого, необходимо быть очень осторожным в работе с результатами. Тем не менее, контролируемая оценка отразила выводы других недавних работ, исследующих производительность LLM и «генераторов ДД» до-LLM эпохи на меньших подмножествах NEJM CPC, которые показали потенциал автоматизированных технологий для достижения правильного ДД с более высоким качеством, чем врачи, которые не пользовались помощью при анализе сложных случаев (1,12,13,20). Хотя это представляет собой шаг вперед по сравнению с историческими попытками автоматизации ДД в NEJM CPC, в которых компьютеризированные подходы считались откровенно ненадежными для практического использования (21), такие исследования также уделяли ограниченное внимание качеству ДД, генерируемых этими автоматизированными системами, или их роли в качестве вспомогательных инструментов.

Эта работа расширяет предыдущие наблюдения и демонстрирует, что:
а) AMIE с большей вероятностью приходит к правильному ответу или предоставляла правильный ответ в списке;
б) ДД, сформированные AMIE, оценены независимыми экспертами как более уместные и полные, чем ответы сертифицированных специалистов с доступом к справочным материалам и поиску.

В этом исследовании клиницисты имели доступ как к изображениям, так и к табличным данным в отредактированных описаниях случаев, тогда как AMIE использовала только основной текст.

Хотя AMIE превзошла клиницистов, несмотря на это ограничение, неизвестно, насколько этот разрыв увеличился бы, если бы AMIE имела доступ к рисункам и таблицам. Интеграция мультимодальных входных данных LLM является областью новых исследований (22,23), с большим потенциальным количеством модальностей данных, которые необходимо учитывать. Однако существует достаточно малое количество прецедентов того, как информация из нескольких модальностей с помощью AI-систем со временем интегрируется воедино.

Повторное изучение NEJM CPC автоматизированными системами подчеркивает их перспективность в качестве «бенчмарка» для оценки и разработки LLM. Бенчмаркинг позволяет сравнивать модели друг с другом и оценивать улучшения или ухудшения производительности модели по прошествии времени. Однако эффективно сравнивать результаты не с моделями, а с человеческими суждениями о ДД достаточно затруднительно, и это мешает масштабированию подхода.

Авторы использовали автоматизированный подход для сравнения AMIE с базовой производительностью LLM (GPT-4). Их оценки отличались от недавно опубликованных оценок в других исследованиях, несмотря на использование того же подмножества случаев (1). Прямые сравнения различных технологий в идеале должны проводиться путем более обширной и слепой оценки, включая: работу по обеспечению воспроизводимости протокола человеческой оценки; анализ согласованности между оценщиками; использование метрик, отражающих точность, качество, уместность и полноту дифференциальных диагнозов LLM.

Оценки точности top-1 и top-10, хотя и впечатляют, составляя почти 30% и 60% соответственно, подчеркивают заметное пространство для улучшения LLM, особенно для сложных случаев, которые не являются патогномоничными (т.е. случаев, не имеющих признака или симптома, определяющего диагноз).

Однако, как отмечено выше, CPC представляют собой «диагностические головоломки», а не реальные примеры обычных клинических рабочих процессов, и поэтому важно рассмотреть более реалистичные условия, в которых LLM могут оказаться практически ценными в медицине.

Одним из таких примеров является потенциал LLM для помощи клиницистам в сложных диагнозах. Инструменты глубокого обучения показали значительные перспективы во многих областях медицины, но в подавляющем большинстве используются как вспомогательные, а не автономные инструменты (24), учитывая критически важный с точки зрения безопасности характер медицинской практики и множество проблем с надежностью (25) и справедливостью (26,27,28), наблюдаемых при внедрении. Наблюдения за самостоятельной диагностической точностью часто не гарантируют, что инструмент ИИ улучшит производительность в реальных условиях в качестве вспомогательного инструмента.

Остается неясным, как оптимально интегрировать принятие решений ИИ и человека в медицине (29). В частности, для LLM известная частота галлюцинаций и конфабуляций (30) может ввести клиницистов в заблуждение и привести к неточным диагнозам, повторяя или даже усугубляя выводы из других клинических условий о том, что системы ИИ могут фактически ухудшать производительность клиницистов, а не обязательно улучшать исходы.

Это подчеркивает важность целенаправленного изучения LLM во вспомогательных сценариях. Авторы исследовали NEJM CPC и обнаружили, что AMIE увеличила количество уместных ДД, созданных клиницистом, при использовании в качестве вспомогательного инструмента, в дополнение к общей точности top-n, что позволяет предположить, что основной вспомогательный потенциал AMIE может заключаться в том, чтобы сделать охват более полным.

Учитывая потенциал вводящей в заблуждение информации, исходящей от систем ИИ, в том числе в убедительном диалоге, клиницисты должны осознавать фундаментальные ограничения этих моделей и не упускать из виду свое главенство в отношениях врач-пациент и свою конечную ответственность за диагностическую и терапевтическую тактику ведения своих пациентов.

Помощь в диагностическом процессе может разумно происходить в отделении неотложной помощи при поступлении (в потенциально критичные по времени моменты), при госпитализации в терапевтическое отделение или оказываться консультативной службой после госпитализации пациента или в амбулаторных клиниках. Результаты предполагают, что будущие исследования должны более строго изучить, как LLM дополняют ДД клиницистов во многих таких конкретных сценариях, где риски и выгоды могут варьироваться.

Несмотря на то, что AMIE является новым инструментом, ее использование, по-видимому, не приводило к неэффективности и не увеличивало время, затрачиваемое на решение каждой CPC, по сравнению с использованием поиска или другой традиционной информации. Это говорит о том, что диалоговый интерфейс был ненавязчивым и интуитивно понятным.

В соответствии с этим, все опрошенные клиницисты описали его как «простой» в использовании и положительно отзывались об использовании и результатах работы с интерфейсом AMIE. Повышение эффективности при сохранении или улучшении качества является общепринятой целью улучшения оказания медицинской помощи, и оптимизации работы тех, кто эту помощь предоставляет (31). Исследование показало значительный потенциал в этом отношении, поскольку клиницисты также сообщали о большей уверенности в своих списках ДД после использования модели.

Врачи отмечали сложности с поиском, когда им было неясно, как составить точный запрос и конкретизировать задачу. По отзывам, система AMIE оказалась более удобной в этом плане. Однако в таких ситуациях важную роль играют человеческие факторы, социальные аспекты и другие комплексные вопросы. Особенно важно принять меры против неравенства в доступе к подобным технологиям, чтобы не усилить уже существующие различия в качестве медицинского обслуживания разных групп населения.

Клиницисты часто выражали энтузиазм по поводу использования AMIE, но также осознавали недостатки языковых моделей и особенно беспокоились о конфабуляциях, если их будут использовать лица, не обученные или не проинструктированные избегать таких вопросов. Однако эта работа не исследовала многие другие важные аспекты взаимодействия человека и ИИ, которые требуют дальнейшего изучения в критически важных с точки зрения безопасности условиях, подобных этому.

Например, не проводились исследования степени доверия клиницистов к результатам модели или их понимания методик ее обучения и ограничений, а также не проводилось целенаправленного «вводного обучения» или тренинга, которые могут улучшать результаты использования ИИ-ассистентов (32).

Помощь искусственного интеллекта в вопросах справедливости и равенства в здравоохранении. Необходимо дальнейшее исследование того, как эти аспекты дифференциальной диагностики врачей изменяются при использовании ассистентов на основе больших языковых моделей (LLM). Известно, что системы искусственного интеллекта способны выражать неуверенность в своих выводах (33) и соответствующим образом перепоручать принятие решений врачам (34), что может значительно улучшить баланс между доверием и здоровым скептицизмом, необходимый для эффективного применения искусственного интеллекта в медицине.

Качественная обратная связь показала, что остается простор для целенаправленного улучшения LLM в качестве вспомогательных диагностических инструментов: один клиницист отметил, что «Она была наиболее полезна для более простых случаев со специфическими ключевыми словами или патогномоничными признаками», но для более сложных случаев она все еще имела тенденцию делать выводы из изолированных симптомов, а не рассматривать случай целостно.

Поддержка со стороны языковых моделей (LLM) может потенциально "повышать квалификацию" медицинских работников, особенно помогая им расширять и улучшать качество дифференциальной диагностики. Как показали интервью с врачами после их работы с AMIE, такое повышение навыков может быть полезно для обучения и подготовки медперсонала на разных уровнях — от ординаторов до опытных лечащих врачей.

Преимущества повышения квалификации могут также распространяться на регионы с менее доступным специализированным медицинским образованием, например, в странах с низким и средним уровнем доходов. Однако стоит учесть, что эти результаты могут не полностью отражать все возможные сценарии использования, поскольку в исследовании участвовали только 20 клиницистов со средним опытом работы 11,5 лет. Выборка может недостаточно представлять разнообразие потенциальных пользователей, которые могли бы использовать языковые модели как инструмент диагностической поддержки.

Качественные выводы из интервью с клиницистами подчеркивают совместный характер процесса диагностического рассуждения и важность клинического суждения при использовании LLM. В то время как AMIE была способна генерировать широкий ДД в изоляции, опыт клиницистов позволял им фильтровать предложения при использовании инструмента, отбрасывая те, которые они считали неточными или нерелевантными, и приводя к более полному и продуманному окончательному списку дифференциальных диагнозов.

Этот активный процесс оценки и фильтрации может объяснить разрыв между самостоятельной производительностью AMIE и производительностью клиницистов при помощи инструмента, при этом выделяются несколько конкретных факторов:

  1. Эффект якоря (anchoring bias): клиницисты имели тенденцию «зацикливаться» на своем первоначальном ДД без помощи. Это согласуется с известным искажением восприятия и привязанностью к предыдущему опыту и может усугубляться двухэтапным устройством исследования.

  2. Внушаемость LLM: несколько клиницистов отметили, что AMIE можно было направить по альтернативным диагностическим путям уточняющими вопросами, и что это могло привести к неточным выводам, которые клиницисты распознавали как сомнительные;

  3. Калибровка доверия: клиницисты подчеркнули важность способности модели сообщать о своей неуверенности, так как это, вероятно, повлияло бы на степень их доверия и учета предложений AMIE.

Ограничения

Формат клинических случаев из NEJM CPC значительно отличается от реальной первичной оценки пациента врачом. Эти описания создаются как специальные "головоломки" с достаточным количеством подсказок, позволяющих специалисту прийти к окончательному диагнозу через логические рассуждения. На начальном этапе встречи с пациентом врачу было бы трудно составить такое краткое, полное и структурированное описание случая.

При первичном приеме пациента такие подробные описания в стиле NEJM просто недоступны. Кроме того, представленные случаи были специально отобраны как сложные и нетипичные, а не как распространенные состояния. Поэтому, это исследование не предполагает, что врачам следует использовать поддержку языковых моделей (LLM) для обычных случаев, с которыми они сталкиваются ежедневно.

Оценка нетривиальна для таких сложных задач, как исследования этих случаев. Хотя рубрика, которую использовали для оценки того, включен ли диагноз в список ДД, ясна, возможны разногласия относительно того, является ли отдельный диагноз достаточно специфичным, чтобы считаться правильным или неправильным. Эта неоднозначность, вероятно, является причиной того, что мы не получили идентичных результатов Kanjee et al. (1).

Другая проблема в том, что неизвестно, насколько AMIE превзошла бы клиницистов, если бы AMIE имела доступ к рисункам и таблицам. Ранние данные свидетельствуют о том, что эффект может зависеть от случая и контекста (13). Новые мультимодальные модели должны оцениваться аналогичным образом. Подходящий формат ввода для изображений ясен, тогда как таблицы могут быть представлены текстуально или графически. Эксперименты по оптимальному формату для табличных данных также были бы ценными.

Исследование выявило некоторые слабые стороны AMIE. В частности, один клиницист подчеркнул, что «Она была наиболее полезна для более простых случаев со специфическими ключевыми словами или патогномоничными признаками» и что для более сложных случаев она все еще имела тенденцию делать выводы из изолированных симптомов, а не рассматривать случай целостно. Учитывая важность оценки сложных случаев, описания случаев NEJM CPC, вероятно, послужат полезным набором данных для дальнейшего бенчмаркинга LLM.

Авторы признают, что анализ времени, потраченного на задачи, может не точно соответствовать тому, как LLM повлияла бы на время выполнения задачи в реальности. На практике клиницисту необходимо будет написать описание случая или заметки, прежде чем он сможет использовать систему такого типа.

Между дифференциальными диагнозами, составленными врачами и моделью, могли существовать систематические различия, которые могли подсказать клиницистам, что списки происходили из разных источников. Однако считается, что это не повлияло на результаты по нескольким причинам:

Во-первых, перед проведением оценки были пересмотрены списки от модели и от клиницистов, чтобы убедиться в отсутствии явных различий в форматировании.

Во-вторых, эксперты-оценщики не были проинформированы о различных возможных источниках дифференциальных диагнозов и о том, что среди них могут быть результаты работы ИИ-моделей. Кроме того, порядок представления списков дифференциальной диагностики был скрыт в процессе оценки.

В-третьих, автоматическая оценка не зависела от источника данных, и результаты человеческой и автоматической оценки согласовывались между собой.

Заключение

Генерация ДД является критически важным шагом в ведении клинического случая, и LLM предоставляют новые возможности использования вспомогательных инструментов для помощи в этой задаче.

Данное рандомизированное исследование показало, что AMIE была полезным инструментом ИИ для генерации ДД врачам общей практики. Участвовавшие клиницисты указали на полезность для обучения и образования, но необходима дополнительная работа для понимания ее пригодности в клинических условиях.

Методы

Описания случаев NEJM CPC

Протоколы случаев Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) представляют собой опубликованные, слегка отредактированные транскрипции CPC из MGH. В CPC описывается презентация случая пациента, а затем эксперта-врача просят предоставить ДД и окончательный диагноз, вместе с его диагностическими рассуждениями, основываясь только на предоставленной медицинской истории пациента и предварительных результатах тестов.

Опубликованные случаи, обычно организованные как диагностические головоломки, кульминацией которых является окончательный, патологоанатомически подтвержденный диагноз. Такие случаи регулярно публикуются в NEJM. В статье используются описания случаев, лицензированные у NEJM, для оценки способности AMIE генерировать ДД самостоятельно и, отдельно, помогать клиницистам в генерации их собственного дифференциального диагноза. Для последней задачи был разработан пользовательский интерфейс для взаимодействия клиницистов с AMIE.

Рассмотрен набор из 326 текстов случаев из серии NEJM CPC. Описания случаев были опубликованы за 10-летний период с 13 июня 2013 года по 10 августа 2023 года. Из них 23 (7%) были исключены на том основании, что они обсуждали ведение случая и не были в первую очередь сосредоточены на диагностике.

Статьи были распределены по годам между 2013–2023 гг. следующим образом: 2013: n = 22; 2014: n = 34; 2015: n = 36; 2016: n = 35; 2017: n = 36; 2018: n = 16; 2020: n = 23; 2021: n = 36; 2022: n = 39; 2023: n = 26. Дополнительная таблица 2 содержит полный список описаний случаев, включая название, год и номер выпуска каждого отчета. 302 случая включают 70 случаев, использованных Kanjee et al. (1).

Эти описания случаев охватывают ряд медицинских специальностей. Наибольшая доля приходится на внутренние болезни (n = 159), за которыми следуют неврология (n = 42), педиатрия (n = 33) и психиатрия (n = 10). Текст, соответствующий анамнезу настоящего заболевания (history of the present illness, HPI), был вручную извлечен из каждой статьи в качестве входных данных для AMIE. Среднее (медианное) количество слов в этих разделах описаний случаев составляет 1031 слово (среднее: 1044, ст. откл.: 296, диапазон: 378–2428). Среднее (медианное) количество символов составляет 6619 символов (среднее: 6760, ст. откл.: 1983, диапазон: 2426–15196).

Модифицированная версия статьи, включающая предоставленный анамнез настоящего заболевания (HPI), данные визуализационных исследований и лабораторных анализов при поступлении (если они были доступны в конкретном случае), была создана для клиницистов-людей (см. Расширенный рисунок 1). Из этой версии были удалены следующие элементы: окончательный диагноз, обсуждение дифференциальной диагностики экспертом и любые последующие результаты визуализации или биопсии (которые обычно являются типичными элементами заключения в задачах по клиническим случаям).

Учитывая, что AMIE является моделью искусственного интеллекта, работающей только с текстом, изображения при поступлении и таблицы лабораторных анализов не подавались в модель напрямую. Однако текстовые описания конкретных лабораторных показателей или результатов визуализационных исследований иногда включались в текстовое описание случая.

Обучение LLM для ДД

Данное исследование представляет AMIE, модель, использующую архитектуру трансформера (PaLM 2 (7)), дообученную на данных медицинской области; вместе с интерфейсом, позволяющим использовать ее в качестве интерактивного ассистента для клиницистов.

Как и Med-PaLM 2 (10), AMIE основана на PaLM 2, итерации LLM Google со значительными улучшениями производительности по нескольким задачам бенчмарков LLM. Для целей этого анализа использовалась большая (L) модель PaLM 2.

AMIE была дообучена с большой длиной контекста на смеси задач, состоящей из ответов на медицинские вопросы (множественный выбор и развернутые вопросы), генерации медицинских диалогов и суммирования записей электронных медицинских карт. Используемые наборы данных включали обучающие выборки MultiMedQA (MedQA, MedMCQA, HealthSearchQA, LiveQA и MedicationQA) (10), проприетарный набор данных медицинских бесед и созданные экспертами вручную резюме записей ЭМК из MIMIC-III (35). Способность обрабатывать входные данные с длинным контекстом позволяет AMIE справляться с задачами, требующими рассуждений и понимания на больших отрезках текста.

Из MedQA (множественный выбор) использовали открытые вопросы в стиле экзамена USMLE (US Medical Licensing Examination) с четырьмя или пятью возможными ответами (36). Для обучения использовался набор из 11 450 вопросов, а 1 273 вопроса были зарезервированы для тестирования. Отобрали 191 вопрос MedQA из обучающего набора, для которых клинические эксперты разработали пошаговые рассуждения, ведущие к правильному ответу. Из наборов данных HealthSearchQA, LiveQA и MedicationQA использовали созданные экспертами развернутые ответы на 64 вопроса. Медицинские беседы были взяты из набора данных из 218 диалогов между клиницистом и пациентом, которые связаны с соответствующим истинным диагнозом. Набор данных включает респираторные (n = 168), костно-мышечные (n = 40), кардиологические (n = 5), гастроэнтерологические (n = 4) и дерматологические (n = 1) диалоги. Всего представлено 102 уникальных диагноза со средним количеством реплик 98 (25-й перцентиль = 85,0, 75-й перцентиль = 113,0).

Данные описаний случаев NEJM не использовались в процессе дообучения, и ученые проводили эксперименты по контаминации, чтобы оценить, повлиял ли на качество результата текст случая, который мог находиться в претренировочном корпусе.

Промптинг без примеров

Оценивается AMIE на каждом из исследований случаев NEJM со следующим промптом: «Вы — полезный медицинский ассистент. Вам будет предоставлен сложный клинический случай, и вас спросят о нем; внимательно прочтите его, а затем предоставьте разнообразный и исчерпывающий ДД».

Пример ввода

Случай: [текст кейса]
Перечисли 10 наиболее вероятных диагнозов. Отвечай точно, на каждой строке должно быть по одному диагнозу. Постарайся охватить как можно больше уникальных случаев, не меньше десяти. Топ-10 диагнозов:

Пример вывода

  1. Синдром Сезари

  2. Т-клеточный лейкоз/лимфома взрослых

  3. Грибовидный микоз

  4. Атопический дерматит

  5. Псориаз

  6. Лекарственная реакция с эозинофилией и системными симптомами (DRESS)

  7. Реакция «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ/GVHD)

  8. Кожная Т-клеточная лимфома, неуточненная

  9. Гиперэозинофильный синдром

  10. Системная красная волчанка (СКВ/SLE)

Пользовательский интерфейс AMIE

Интерфейс, связанный с AMIE, изображенный на примере ниже, позволяет пользователям взаимодействовать с базовой моделью посредством текстового чата в контексте данного описания случая. В исследовании интерфейс был предварительно заполнен текстовым представлением HPI для данного случая. Клиницистам было предложено инициировать взаимодействие, запросив AMIE с использованием предложенного промпта. После этого начального промпта и ответа AMIE клиницисты могли свободно запрашивать модель, используя любые дополнительные уточняющие вопросы, хотя клиницистов предупреждали избегать вопросов об информации, которая еще не была представлена в случае. Пилотное исследование показало, что без такого предупреждения клиницисты могут задавать вопросы о конкретных лабораторных значениях или визуализации, что приводит к конфабуляциям.

Для данного вопроса интерфейс генерировал ответ, запрашивая AMIE с использованием следующего шаблона промпта:

Прочтите случай ниже и ответьте на вопрос, предоставленный после случая.

Отформатируйте свой ответ, используя синтаксис markdown для создания абзацев и маркированных списков. Используйте <br><br> для начала нового абзаца. Каждый абзац должен содержать 100 слов или меньше. Используйте маркированные списки для перечисления нескольких вариантов. Используйте <br>* для начала нового пункта маркированного списка. Выделяйте важные фразы, такие как заголовки. Используйте `**` непосредственно перед и сразу после фразы, чтобы выделить ее. Между `**` и фразой, которую вы пытаетесь выделить, НЕ должно быть пробелов.

Случай: [текс кейса]

Вопрос (предлагаемый начальный вопрос: «Каковы 10 наиболее вероятных диагнозов и почему (будьте точны)?»): [Вопрос]

Ответ:

Дизайн эксперимента

Для сравнительной оценки способности AMIE генерировать ДД самостоятельно и помогать клиницистам в генерации их ДД, было разработано двухэтапное исследование с участием читателей, иллюстрированное на примере ниже. Исследование было разработано для оценки вспомогательного эффекта AMIE для врачей общей практики (не специализирующихся на узкой области), которые имеют доступ только к представлению случая, а не к полной информации о случае (которая включала бы комментарии эксперта по ДД).

Первый этап исследования имел сбалансированный дизайн с двумя условиями. Клиницисты сначала составляли списки дифференциальных диагнозов без посторонней помощи, а затем второй раз – с помощью, причем тип помощи различался в зависимости от условия эксперимента.

3080aedd31efeb30879e8ea43dfad398.png

Этап 1: Клиницисты генерируют ДД с помощью и без помощи

Двадцать сертифицированных в США врачей-терапевтов (медиана лет опыта: 9, среднее: 11,5, ст. откл.: 7,24, диапазон: 3–32) просматривали отредактированное описание случая, имея доступ к представлению случая и связанным с ним рисункам и таблицам. Они выполняли эту задачу в одном из двух условий, на основе случайного распределения.

  • Условие I: поиск. Сначала клиницистам было поручено предоставить список до десяти диагнозов, минимум три, основываясь исключительно на рассмотрении представления случая без использования каких-либо справочных материалов (например, книг) или инструментов (например, интернет-поиска). После этого клиницистам было поручено использовать интернет-поиск или другие ресурсы по желанию (но без доступа к AMIE) и попросили повторно выполнить ДД.

  • Условие II: AMIE. Как и в условии I, сначала клиницистам было поручено предоставить список до десяти диагнозов, минимум три, основываясь исключительно на рассмотрении представления случая без использования каких-либо справочных материалов (например, книг) или инструментов (например, интернет-поиска). После этого клиницистам был предоставлен доступ к AMIE и попросили повторно выполнить ДД. В дополнение к AMIE, клиницисты могли по желанию использовать интернет-поиск или другие ресурсы.

Для организации процесса, создали десять пар клиницистов, объединяя в каждую пару врачей с примерно одинаковым опытом работы после ординатуры. Весь набор клинических случаев был случайным образом разделен на десять частей, и каждой паре клиницистов была назначена одна из этих частей.

В пределах каждой части, каждый из случаев выполнялся дважды: один раз в условии I одним клиницистом из пары, и один раз в условии II другим клиницистом. Распределение экспериментальных условий (кто из пары будет работать в условии I, а кто в условии II) для каждого случая определялось случайным образом.

Такое объединение клиницистов со схожим постординатурным опытом для работы над одними и теми же случаями помогло уменьшить вариативность между двумя разными экспериментальными условиями.

Этап 2. Специалисты с полной информацией о случае извлекают золотой стандарт ДД и оценивают ДД Этапа 1

Девятнадцать сертифицированных в США клиницистов-специалистов (медиана лет опыта: 14, среднее: 13,7, ст. откл.: 7,82, диапазон: 4–38) были набраны из областей внутренних болезней (n = 10), неврологии (n = 3), педиатрии (n = 2), психиатрии (n = 1), дерматологии (n = 1), акушерства (n = 1) и неотложной медицины (n = 1). Их средний стаж работы составлял 13,7 лет (ст. откл.: 7,82, диапазон: 4–38). Эти специалисты соответствовали специальности соответствующего случая CPC, просматривали полное описание случая, и их просили перечислить от пяти до десяти дифференциальных диагнозов. После этого их просили оценить пять списков ДД, сгенерированных на этапе 1, включая два списка ДД из условия 1 (ДД без помощи и ДД с помощью поиска), два списка ДД из условия 2 (ДД без помощи и ДД с помощью AMIE) и отдельный список ДД AMIE. Каждый случай рассматривал один специалист.

Специалисты отвечали на следующие вопросы для оценки списков ДД:

  • Оценка качества, разработанная Bond et al. (15) и использованная Kanjee et al. (1), является дифференциальной оценкой на основе порядковой пятибалльной шкалы: «Насколько близки были дифференциальные диагнозы (ДД) к включению окончательного диагноза?» Варианты были: 5, ДД включает правильный диагноз; 4, ДД содержит нечто очень близкое, но не точное совпадение с правильным диагнозом; 3, ДД содержит нечто тесно связанное, что могло бы быть полезным при определении правильного диагноза; 2, ДД содержит нечто связанное, но маловероятно полезное при определении правильного диагноза; и 1, ничто в ДД не связано с правильным диагнозом.

  • Оценка уместности: «Насколько уместным был каждый из списков дифференциальных диагнозов от разных медицинских экспертов по сравнению со списком дифференциальных диагнозов, который вы только что составили?» Варианты ответа были по шкале Лайкерта (Likert scale) от 5 (очень уместно) до 1 (очень неуместно).

  • Оценка полноты: «Используя ваш список дифференциальных диагнозов в качестве эталона/золотого стандарта, насколько полны списки дифференциальных диагнозов от каждого из экспертов?» Варианты ответа были: 4, ДД содержит всех разумных кандидатов; 3, ДД содержит большинство кандидатов, но некоторые отсутствуют; 2, ДД содержит некоторых кандидатов, но многие отсутствуют; и 1, в ДД отсутствуют основные кандидаты.

  • Наконец, специалистов просили указать, на какой позиции в списке ДД совпадал правильный диагноз, если он вообще был включен в ДД.

Цели клиницистов

Клиницисты были наняты и вознаграждены компаниями-вендорами по рыночным ставкам в зависимости от специальности, без конкретных задач, таких как точность диагностики или другие факторы.

Автоматизированная оценка

В дополнение к сравнению с истинным диагнозом и экспертной оценкой клиницистов, были созданы и автоматизированы оценки производительности пяти ДД с использованием метрики на основе языковой модели. Такие автоматизированные метрики полезны, поскольку человеческая оценка требует много времени и затрат для многих экспериментов. Сначала извлекли (до десяти) отдельных диагнозов, перечисленных в каждом ДД. Использовали незначительные шаги обработки текста с помощью регулярных выражений для разделения выводов по новым строкам и удаления любой нумерации перед диагнозами. Затем спросили у дообученной для медицины языковой модели, Med-PaLM 2 (10), совпадает ли каждый из этих диагнозов с истинным диагнозом, используя следующий промпт:

Является ли наш предсказанный диагноз правильным (д/н)? Предсказанный диагноз: [диагноз], Истинный диагноз: [метка]

Ответ [д/н].

Диагноз помечался как правильный, если языковая модель выводила «д».

Вычислили каппу Коэна (Cohen’s kappa) как меру согласия между людьми-оценщиками и автоматизированной оценкой относительно бинарного решения о том, совпадает ли данный диагноз — т.е. отдельный элемент из предложенного списка ДД — с правильным окончательным диагнозом. Каппа Коэна для этой задачи сопоставления составила 0,631, что указывает на «существенное согласие» между людьми-оценщиками и методом автоматизированной оценки, согласно Landis & Koch (37).

Качественные интервью

После исследования провели полуструктурированные 30-минутные интервью с 5 врачами общей практики, участвовавшими в этапе 1. Полуструктурированные интервью исследовали следующие вопросы:

(1) Как вы оценили задачу генерации ДД из текста описания случая?
(2) Подумайте о том, как вы использовали интернет-поиск или другие ресурсы. Насколько полезными или бесполезными были эти инструменты?
(3) Подумайте о том, как вы использовали AMIE. Насколько она была полезна или бесполезна?
(4) Были ли случаи, когда вы доверяли результатам поисковых запросов? Расскажите подробнее об этом опыте, если да. Например, о типах случаев, типах результатов поиска.
(5) Были ли случаи, когда вы доверяли результатам запросов к LLM? Расскажите подробнее об этом опыте, если да. Например, о типах случаев, типах результатов поиска.
(6) Подумайте о рассуждениях, предоставленных интерфейсом LLM? Где они были полезны? Где они были бесполезны?
(7) Какие уточняющие вопросы вы сочли наиболее полезными для LLM?
(8) Сколько времени требуется, чтобы привыкнуть к LLM? Насколько она была интуитивно понятна? Насколько она была неинтуитивна?

Провели тематический анализ записей, сделанных исследователями во время интервью, используя индуктивный подход для выявления паттернов в данных. Начальные коды были сгенерированы путем построчного анализа записей, с вниманием как к семантическому содержанию, так и к скрытому значению. Затем коды были сгруппированы на основе концептуального сходства и итеративно уточнялись. Для повышения достоверности анализа, было проведено взаимное рецензирование внутри команды исследователей. Путем обсуждения и консенсуса, были согласованы окончательные темы.

Доступность данных Клинические случаи, использованные в этом исследовании, опубликованы и были лицензированы у журнала New England Journal of Medicine. Мы не можем повторно распространять материалы, защищенные авторским правом, но тексты случаев можно получить из журнала.

Доступность кода AMIE — это исследовательская система искусственного интеллекта на основе LLM для диагностического диалога. Мы не делаем код модели и веса общедоступными из-за соображений безопасности, связанных с неконтролируемым использованием такой системы в медицинских учреждениях. В интересах ответственных инноваций, мы будем работать с исследовательскими партнерами, регуляторами и поставщиками услуг для проверки и изучения безопасных дальнейших применений AMIE. Для воспроизводимости, мы документировали технические методы глубокого обучения, сохраняя при этом статью доступной для клинической и общей научной аудитории. Наша работа основана на PaLM 2, технические детали которого были подробно описаны в техническом отчете (7).

Источник

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    FAST & RELIABLE CRYPTO RECOVERY SERVICES Hire iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY I was one of many victims deceived by fake cryptocurrency investment offers on Telegram. Hoping to build a retirement fund, I invested heavily and ended up losing about $470,000, including borrowed money. Just when I thought recovery was impossible, I found iForce Hacker Recovery. Their team of crypto recovery experts worked tirelessly and helped me recover my assets within 72 hours, even tracing the scammers involved. I’m deeply thankful for their professionalism and highly recommend their services to anyone facing a similar situation.  Website: ht tps://iforcehackers. co m WhatsApp: +1 240-803-3706   Email: iforcehk @ consultant. c om

  • 14.11.25 20:56 juliamarvin

    Firstly, the importance of verifying the authenticity of online communications, especially those about financial matters. Secondly, the potential for recovery exists even in cases where it seems hopeless, thanks to innovative services like TechY Force Cyber Retrieval. Lastly, the cryptocurrency community needs to be more aware of these risks and the available solutions to combat them. My experience serves as a warning to others to be cautious of online impersonators and never to underestimate the potential for recovery in the face of theft. It also highlights the critical role that professional retrieval services can play in securing your digital assets. In conclusion, while the cryptocurrency space offers unparalleled opportunities, it also presents unique challenges, and being informed and vigilant is key to navigating this landscape safely. W.h.a.t.s.A.p.p.. +.15.6.1.7.2.6.3.6.9.7. M.a.i.l T.e.c.h.y.f.o.r.c.e.c.y.b.e.r.r.e.t.r.i.e.v.a.l.@.c.o.n.s.u.l.t.a.n.t.c.o.m. T.e.l.e.g.r.a.m +.15.6.1.7.2.6.3.6.9.7

  • 15.11.25 12:47 MATT PHILLIP

    I never imagined I’d fall for a crypto romance scam but it happened. Over the course of a few months, I sent nearly $184,000 worth of Bitcoin to someone I genuinely believed I was building a future with. When they disappeared without a trace, I was left heartbroken, humiliated, and financially devastated. For a long time, I didn’t tell anyone. I felt ashamed. But eventually, while searching for answers, I came across a Reddit thread that mentioned Agent Jasmine Lopez a crypto recovery agent. I reached out, not expecting much. To my surprise, she treated me with kindness, not judgment. She used advanced tools like blockchain forensics, IP tracing, and smart contract analysis and with persistence and legal support, she was able to recover nearly 85% of what I lost. I know not everyone gets that kind of outcome, but thanks to [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035, I’ve started to reclaim not just my assets, but my confidence and peace of mind. If you’re going through something similar, you’re not alone and there is hope.

  • 15.11.25 14:39 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 15.11.25 14:39 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 15.11.25 15:31 MATT PHILLIP

    I never imagined I’d fall for a crypto romance scam but it happened. Over the course of a few months, I sent nearly $184,000 worth of Bitcoin to someone I genuinely believed I was building a future with. When they disappeared without a trace, I was left heartbroken, humiliated, and financially devastated. For a long time, I didn’t tell anyone. I felt ashamed. But eventually, while searching for answers, I came across a Reddit thread that mentioned Agent Jasmine Lopez a crypto recovery agent. I reached out, not expecting much. To my surprise, she treated me with kindness, not judgment. She used advanced tools like blockchain forensics, IP tracing, and smart contract analysis and with persistence and legal support, she was able to recover nearly 85% of what I lost. I know not everyone gets that kind of outcome, but thanks to [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035, I’ve started to reclaim not just my assets, but my confidence and peace of mind. If you’re going through something similar, you’re not alone and there is hope.

  • 15.11.25 15:52 [email protected]

    A scam cost me $72,000 in USDT. It shook me up. USDT is a stablecoin linked to the dollar. Its value stays even. I believed I found a safe path to build my wealth. At the start, all seemed fine. My account grew to $120,000 in profits. But when I tried to withdraw, the site locked me out. No way to get in. No money left. Fear took over. I felt stuck and alone. These frauds hit crypto investors often. They lure with fast riches. Then they steal your cash and disappear. Billions vanish each year from such schemes. I looked for aid in every spot. Online boards. Help chats. None helped. Then a buddy offered support. He had dealt with the same issue once. He mentioned Sylvester Bryant. My friend praised his expertise. I contacted him at once. His email is [email protected]. Sylvester Bryant changed everything. He heard my tale with no blame. His crew jumped in quickly. They checked all scam details first. One by one, they followed my lost USDT trail. They used software to track the blockchain. That is the open log of coin transfers. It reveals fund paths. Scammers try to cover their steps. Bryant's team went far. They reached out to related platforms and services. Each day brought progress. No easy ways. They shared updates with me always. Each message and talk stayed open and true. Finally, they got back every dollar. My $52,000 returned whole. The effort needed drive and resolve. Bryant's fairness shone through. He added no secret costs. Only fair pay for the job. My worry faded. I relaxed once more. Nights grew calm. My faith in recovery grew strong. If fraud stole your funds, move fast. Contact Sylvester Bryant. He treats such cases with skill. Email at [email protected]. Or use WhatsApp at +1 512 577 7957 or +44 7428 662701. Do not delay. Reclaim what is yours.

  • 16.11.25 14:43 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 16.11.25 14:44 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 16.11.25 20:38 [email protected]

    A scam cost me $72,000 in USDT. It shook me up. USDT is a stablecoin linked to the dollar. Its value stays even. I believed I found a safe path to build my wealth. At the start, all seemed fine. My account grew to $120,000 in profits. But when I tried to withdraw, the site locked me out. No way to get in. No money left. Fear took over. I felt stuck and alone. These frauds hit crypto investors often. They lure with fast riches. Then they steal your cash and disappear. Billions vanish each year from such schemes. I looked for aid in every spot. Online boards. Help chats. None helped. Then a buddy offered support. He had dealt with the same issue once. He mentioned Sylvester Bryant. My friend praised his expertise. I contacted him at once. His email is [email protected]. Sylvester Bryant changed everything. He heard my tale with no blame. His crew jumped in quickly. They checked all scam details first. One by one, they followed my lost USDT trail. They used software to track the blockchain. That is the open log of coin transfers. It reveals fund paths. Scammers try to cover their steps. Bryant's team went far. They reached out to related platforms and services. Each day brought progress. No easy ways. They shared updates with me always. Each message and talk stayed open and true. Finally, they got back every dollar. My $52,000 returned whole. The effort needed drive and resolve. Bryant's fairness shone through. He added no secret costs. Only fair pay for the job. My worry faded. I relaxed once more. Nights grew calm. My faith in recovery grew strong. If fraud stole your funds, move fast. Contact Sylvester Bryant. He treats such cases with skill. Email at [email protected]. Or use WhatsApp at +1 512 577 7957 or +44 7428 662701. Do not delay. Reclaim what is yours.

  • 17.11.25 03:24 johnny231

    INFO@THEBARRYCYBERINVESTIGATIONSDOTCOM is one of the best cyber hackers that i have actually met and had an encounter with, i was suspecting my partner was cheating on me for some time now but i was not sure of my assumptions so i had to contact BARRY CYBER INVESTIGATIONS to help me out with my suspicion. During the cause of their investigation they intercepted his text messages, social media(facebook, twittwer, snapchat whatsapp, instagram),also call logs as well as pictures and videos(deleted files also) they found out my spouse was cheating on me for over 3 years and was already even sending nudes out as well as money to anonymous wallets,so i deciced to file for a divorce and then when i did that i came to the understanding that most of the cryptocurrency we had invested in forex by him was already gone. BARRY CYBER INVESTIGATIONS helped me out through out the cause of my divorce with my spouse they also helped me in retrieving some of the cryptocurrency back, as if that was not enough i decided to introduce them to another of my friend who had lost her most of her savings on a bad crytpo investment and as a result of that it affected her credit score, BARRY CYBER INVESTIGATIONS helped her recover some of the funds back and helped her build her credit score, i have never seen anything like this in my life and to top it off they are very professional and they have intergrity to it you can contact them also on their whatsapp +1814-488-3301. for any hacking or pi jobs you can contact them and i assure you nothing but the best out of the job

  • 17.11.25 11:26 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 17.11.25 11:27 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 19.11.25 01:56 VERONICAFREDDIE809

    Earlier this year, I made a mistake that changed everything. I downloaded what I thought was a legitimate trading app I’d found through a Telegram channel. At first, everything looked real until I tried to withdraw. My entire investment vanished into a bot account, and that’s when the truth hit me: I had been scammed. I can’t describe the feeling. It was as if the ground dropped out from under me. I blamed myself. I felt stupid, ashamed, helpless every painful emotion at once. For a while, I couldn’t even talk about it. I thought no one would understand. But then I got connected to the best female expert AGENT Jasmine Lopez,,( [email protected] ) ,She didn’t brush me off or judge me. She took my fear seriously. She followed leads I didn’t even know existed, and identified multiple off-chain indicators and wallet clusters linked to the scammer network, she helped me understand what had truly happened behind the scenes. For the first time since everything fell apart, I felt hope. Hearing that other people students, parents, hardworking people had been targeted the same way made me realize I wasn’t alone. What happened to us wasn’t stupidity. It was a coordinated attack. We were prey in a system built to deceive. And somehow, through all the chaos, Agent Jasmine stepped in and shined a light into the darkest moment of my life. I’m still healing from the experience. It changed me. But it also reminded me that even when you think you’re at the end, sometimes a lifeline appears where you least expect it. Contact her at [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035.

  • 19.11.25 08:11 JuneWatkins

    I’m June Watkins from California. I never thought I’d lose my life savings in Bitcoin. One wrong click, a fake wallet update, and $187,000 vanished in seconds. I cried for days, felt stupid, ashamed, and completely hopeless. But God wouldn’t let me stay silent or defeated. A friend sent me a simple message: “Contact Mbcoin Recovery Group, they specialize in this.” I was skeptical (there are so many scammers), but something in my spirit said “try.” I reached out to Mbcoin Recovery Group through their official site and within minutes their team responded with kindness and clarity. They walked with me step by step, and stayed in constant contact. Three days later, I watched in tears as every single Bitcoin returned to my wallet, 100% recovered. God turned my mess into a message and my shame into a testimony! If you’ve lost crypto and feel it’s gone forever, don’t give up. I’m living proof that recovery is possible. Thank you, Mbcoin Recovery Group, and thank You, Jesus, for never leaving me stranded. contact: (https://mbcoinrecoverygrou.wixsite.com/mb-coin-recovery) (Email: [email protected]) (Call Number: +1 346 954-1564)

  • 19.11.25 08:26 elizabethmadison

    My name is Elizabeth Madison currently living in New York. There was a time I felt completely broken. I had trusted a fraudulent bitcoin investment organization, who turned out to be a fraudster. I sent money, believing their sweet words and promises on the interest rate I will get back in return, only to realize later that I’ve been scammed. On the day of withdrawal there was no money in my account. The pain hit deep. I couldn’t sleep, I kept asking myself how I could have been so careless, meanwhile my mom was battling with a stroke and the expenses were too much. For days, I cried and blamed myself. The betrayal, the disappointment and my mom's health issues all of this stress made me want to give up on life. But one day, I decided that sitting in pain wouldn’t solve anything. I picked myself up and chose to fight for what I lost then I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how he helped people recover their funds from online fraud. I emailed all the transactions and paperwork I had with the fraudulent organization and they helped me recover all my lost money in just five days. If you have ever fallen victim to scammers, contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES to help you recover every penny you have lost. (Text +1(406)2729101) (Email [email protected])

  • 19.11.25 08:27 elizabethmadison

    My name is Elizabeth Madison currently living in New York. There was a time I felt completely broken. I had trusted a fraudulent bitcoin investment organization, who turned out to be a fraudster. I sent money, believing their sweet words and promises on the interest rate I will get back in return, only to realize later that I’ve been scammed. On the day of withdrawal there was no money in my account. The pain hit deep. I couldn’t sleep, I kept asking myself how I could have been so careless, meanwhile my mom was battling with a stroke and the expenses were too much. For days, I cried and blamed myself. The betrayal, the disappointment and my mom's health issues all of this stress made me want to give up on life. But one day, I decided that sitting in pain wouldn’t solve anything. I picked myself up and chose to fight for what I lost then I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how he helped people recover their funds from online fraud. I emailed all the transactions and paperwork I had with the fraudulent organization and they helped me recover all my lost money in just five days. If you have ever fallen victim to scammers, contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES to help you recover every penny you have lost. (Text +1(406)2729101) Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site (Email [email protected])

  • 19.11.25 16:30 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 19.11.25 16:30 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 20.11.25 15:55 mariotuttle94

    HIRE THE BEST HACKER ONLINE FOR CRYPTO BITCOIN SCAM RECOVERY / iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY After a security breach, my husband lost $133,000 in Bitcoin. We sought help from a professional cybersecurity team iForce Hacker Recovery they guided us through each step of the recovery process. Their expertise allowed them to trace the compromised funds and help us understand how the breach occurred. The experience brought us clarity, restored a sense of stability, and reminded us of the importance of strong digital asset and security practices.  Website: ht tps:/ /iforcehackers. c om WhatsApp: +1 240-803-3706 Email: iforcehk @ consultant. c om

  • 21.11.25 10:56 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 21.11.25 10:56 marcushenderson624

    Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 22.11.25 04:41 VERONICAFREDDIE809

    Earlier this year, I made a mistake that changed everything. I downloaded what I thought was a legitimate trading app I’d found through a Telegram channel. At first, everything looked real until I tried to withdraw. My entire investment vanished into a bot account, and that’s when the truth hit me: I had been scammed. I can’t describe the feeling. It was as if the ground dropped out from under me. I blamed myself. I felt stupid, ashamed, helpless every painful emotion at once. For a while, I couldn’t even talk about it. I thought no one would understand. But then I got connected to the best female expert AGENT Jasmine Lopez,,( [email protected] ) ,She didn’t brush me off or judge me. She took my fear seriously. She followed leads I didn’t even know existed, and identified multiple off-chain indicators and wallet clusters linked to the scammer network, she helped me understand what had truly happened behind the scenes. For the first time since everything fell apart, I felt hope. Hearing that other people students, parents, hardworking people had been targeted the same way made me realize I wasn’t alone. What happened to us wasn’t stupidity. It was a coordinated attack. We were prey in a system built to deceive. And somehow, through all the chaos, Agent Jasmine stepped in and shined a light into the darkest moment of my life. I’m still healing from the experience. It changed me. But it also reminded me that even when you think you’re at the end, sometimes a lifeline appears where you least expect it. Contact her at [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035.

  • 22.11.25 22:04 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 22.11.25 22:04 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 22.11.25 22:05 wendytaylor015

    My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 23.11.25 03:34 Matt Kegan

    SolidBlock Forensics are absolutely the best Crypto forensics team, they're swift to action and accurate

  • 23.11.25 09:54 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 23.11.25 18:01 mosbygerry

    I recently had the opportunity to work with a skilled programmer who specialized in recovering crypto assets, and the results were nothing short of impressive. The experience not only helped me regain control of my investments but also provided valuable insight into the intricacies of cryptocurrency technology and cybersecurity. The journey began when I attempted to withdraw $183,000 from an investment firm, only to encounter a series of challenges that made it impossible for me to access my funds. Despite seeking assistance from individuals claiming to be Bitcoin miners, I was unable to recover my investments. The situation was further complicated by the fact that all my deposits were made using various cryptocurrencies that are difficult to trace. However, I persisted in my pursuit of recovery, driven by the determination to reclaim my losses. It was during this time that I discovered TechY Force Cyber Retrieval, a team of experts with a proven track record of successfully recovering crypto assets. With their assistance, I was finally able to recover my investments, and in doing so, gained a deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms that underpin cryptocurrency transactions. The experience taught me that with the right expertise and guidance, even the most seemingly insurmountable challenges can be overcome. I feel a sense of obligation to share my positive experience with others who may have fallen victim to cryptocurrency scams or are struggling to recover their investments. If you find yourself in a similar situation, I highly recommend seeking the assistance of a trustworthy and skilled programmer, such as those at TechY Force Cyber Retrieval. WhatsApp (+1561726 3697) or (+1561726 3697). Their expertise and dedication to helping individuals recover their crypto assets are truly commendable, and I have no hesitation in endorsing their services to anyone in need. By sharing my story, I hope to provide a beacon of hope for those who may have lost faith in their ability to recover their investments and to emphasize the importance of seeking professional help when navigating the complex world of cryptocurrency.

  • 24.11.25 11:43 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 24.11.25 11:43 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 24.11.25 16:34 Mundo

    I wired 120k in crypto to the wrong wallet. One dumb slip-up, and poof gone. That hit me hard. Lost everything I had built up. Crypto moves on the blockchain. It's like a public record book. Once you send, that's it. No take-backs. Banks can fix wire mistakes. Not here. Transfers stick forever. a buddy tipped me off right away. Meet Sylvester Bryant. Guy's a pro at pulling back lost crypto. Handles cases others can't touch, he spots scammer moves cold. Follows money down secret paths. Mixers. Fake trades. Hidden swaps. You name it, he tracks it. this happens to tons of folks. Fat-finger a key. Miss one digit in the address. Boom. Billions vanish like that each year. I panicked. Figured my stash was toast for good. Bryant flipped the script. He jumps on hard jobs quick. Digs deep. Cracks the trail. Got my funds back safe. You're in the same boat? Don't sit there. Hit him up today. Email [email protected]. WhatsApp +1 512 577 7957. Or +44 7428 662701. Time's your enemy here. Scammers spend fast. Chains churn non-stop. Move now. Grab your cash back home.

  • 25.11.25 05:15 michaeldavenport218

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 25.11.25 13:31 mickaelroques52

    CRYPTO TRACING AND INVESTIGATION EXPERT: HOW TO RECOVER STOLEN CRYPTO_HIRE RAPID DIGITAL RECOVERY

  • 25.11.25 13:31 mickaelroques52

    I’ve always considered myself a careful person when it comes to money, but even the most cautious people can be fooled. A few months ago, I invested some of my Bitcoin into what I believed was a legitimate platform. Everything seemed right, professional website, live chat support and even convincing testimonials. I thought I had done my homework. But when I tried to withdraw my funds, everything fell apart. My account was blocked, the so-called support team disappeared and I realized I had been scammed. The shock was overwhelming. I couldn’t believe I had fallen for it. That Bitcoin represented years of savings and sacrifices and it felt like everything had been stolen from me in seconds. I didn’t sleep for days and I was angry at myself for trusting the wrong people. In my desperation, I started searching for solutions and came across Rapid Digital Recovery. At first, I thought it was just another promise that would lead nowhere. But after speaking with them, I realized this was different. They were professional, clear and understanding. They explained exactly how they track stolen funds through blockchain forensics and what steps would be taken in my case. I gave them all the transaction details and they immediately got to work. What impressed me most was their transparency, they gave me updates regularly and kept me involved in the process. After weeks of investigation, they achieved what I thought was impossible: they recovered my stolen Bitcoin and safely returned it to my wallet. The relief I felt that day is indescribable. I went from feeling hopeless and broken to feeling like I had been given a second chance. I am forever grateful to Rapid Digital Recovery. They didn’t just recover my money, they restored my peace of mind. If you’re reading this because you’ve been scammed, please know you’re not alone and that recovery is possible. I’m living proof that with the right help, you can get your funds back... Contact Info Below WhatSapp:  + 1 414 807 1485 Email:  rapiddigitalrecovery (@) execs. com Telegram:  + 1 680 5881 631

  • 26.11.25 18:18 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 26.11.25 18:20 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 26.11.25 19:13 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site

  • 26.11.25 19:13 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site

  • 26.11.25 19:13 James Robert

    I am James Robert from Chicago. Few months ago, I fell victim to an online Bitcoin investment scheme that promised high returns within a short period. At first, everything seemed legitimate, their website looked professional, and the people behind it were very convincing. I invested a significant amount of money about $440,000 with the way they talk to me into investing on their bitcoin platform. Two months later I realized that it was a scam when I could no longer have  access to  my account and couldn’t withdraw my money. At first, I lost hope that I wouldn't be able to get my money back, I cried and was angry at how I even fell victim to a scam. For days after doing some research and seeking professional help online, I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how they have helped people recover their money back from scammers. I reported the case immediately to them and gather every transaction detail, documentation and sent it to them. Today, I’m very happy because the GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES help me recover all my money I was scammed. You can contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES if you have ever fallen victim to scam. Email: [email protected] or Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site

  • 27.11.25 10:56 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 27.11.25 10:56 harristhomas7376

    "In the crypto world, this is great news I want to share. Last year, I fell victim to a scam disguised as a safe investment option. I have invested in crypto trading platforms for about 10yrs thinking I was ensuring myself a retirement income, only to find that all my assets were either frozen, I believed my assets were secure — until I discovered that my BTC funds had been frozen and withdrawals were impossible. It was a devastating moment when I realized I had been scammed, and I thought my Bitcoin was gone forever, Everything changed when a close friend recommended the Capital Crypto Recover Service. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication enabled me to recover my lost Bitcoin funds back — more than €560.000 DEM to my BTC wallet. What once felt impossible became a reality thanks to their support. If you have lost Bitcoin through scams, hacking, failed withdrawals, or similar challenges, don’t lose hope. I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service to anyone seeking a reliable and effective solution for recovering any wallet assets. They have a proven track record of successful reputation in recovering lost password assets for their clients and can help you navigate the process of recovering your funds. Don’t let scammers get away with your hard-earned money – contact Email: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 27.11.25 20:04 deborah113

    Scammed Crypto Asset Recovery Solution Hire iFORCE HACKER RECOVERY When I traded online, I lost both my investment money and the anticipated gains.  Before permitting any withdrawals, the site kept requesting more money, and soon I recognized I had been duped.  It was really hard to deal with the loss after their customer service ceased responding.  I saw a Facebook testimonial about how iForce Hacker Recovery assisted a victim of fraud in getting back the bitcoin she had transferred to con artists.  I contacted iForce Hacker Recovery, submitted all relevant case paperwork, and meticulously followed the guidelines.  I'm relieved that I was eventually able to get my money back, including the gains that were initially displayed on my account. I'm sharing my story to let others who have been conned know that you can recover your money. WhatsApp: +1 240-803-3706 Email: iforcehk @ consultant. c om Website: ht tps:/ /iforcehackers. c om

  • 27.11.25 23:48 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 27.11.25 23:48 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 28.11.25 00:08 VERONICAFREDDIE809

    Earlier this year, I made a mistake that changed everything. I downloaded what I thought was a legitimate trading app I’d found through a Telegram channel. At first, everything looked real until I tried to withdraw. My entire investment vanished into a bot account, and that’s when the truth hit me: I had been scammed. I can’t describe the feeling. It was as if the ground dropped out from under me. I blamed myself. I felt stupid, ashamed, helpless every painful emotion at once. For a while, I couldn’t even talk about it. I thought no one would understand. But then I found someone Agent Jasmine Lopez ([email protected])WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035. ,She didn’t brush me off or judge me. She took my fear seriously. She followed leads I didn’t even know existed, and identified multiple off-chain indicators and wallet clusters linked to the scammer network, she helped me understand what had truly happened behind the scenes. For the first time since everything fell apart, I felt hope. Hearing that other people students, parents, hardworking people had been targeted the same way made me realize I wasn’t alone. What happened to us wasn’t stupidity. It was a coordinated attack. We were prey in a system built to deceive. And somehow, through all the chaos, Agent Jasmine stepped in and shined a light into the darkest moment of my life. I’m still healing from the experience. It changed me. But it also reminded me that even when you think you’re at the end, sometimes a lifeline appears where you least expect it.

  • 28.11.25 11:15 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 28.11.25 11:15 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 28.11.25 11:43 elizabethmadison

    My name is Elizabeth Madison currently living in New York. There was a time I felt completely broken. I had trusted a fraudulent bitcoin investment organization, who turned out to be a fraudster. I sent money, believing their sweet words and promises on the interest rate I will get back in return, only to realize later that I’ve been scammed. On the day of withdrawal there was no money in my account. The pain hit deep. I couldn’t sleep, I kept asking myself how I could have been so careless, meanwhile my mom was battling with a stroke and the expenses were too much. For days, I cried and blamed myself. The betrayal, the disappointment and my mom's health issues all of this stress made me want to give up on life. But one day, I decided that sitting in pain wouldn’t solve anything. I picked myself up and chose to fight for what I lost then I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how he helped people recover their funds from online fraud. I emailed all the transactions and paperwork I had with the fraudulent organization and they helped me recover all my lost money in just five days. If you have ever fallen victim to scammers, contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES to help you recover every penny you have lost. (Text +1(406)2729101) Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site (Email [email protected])

  • 28.11.25 11:43 elizabethmadison

    My name is Elizabeth Madison currently living in New York. There was a time I felt completely broken. I had trusted a fraudulent bitcoin investment organization, who turned out to be a fraudster. I sent money, believing their sweet words and promises on the interest rate I will get back in return, only to realize later that I’ve been scammed. On the day of withdrawal there was no money in my account. The pain hit deep. I couldn’t sleep, I kept asking myself how I could have been so careless, meanwhile my mom was battling with a stroke and the expenses were too much. For days, I cried and blamed myself. The betrayal, the disappointment and my mom's health issues all of this stress made me want to give up on life. But one day, I decided that sitting in pain wouldn’t solve anything. I picked myself up and chose to fight for what I lost then I came across GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES and saw how he helped people recover their funds from online fraud. I emailed all the transactions and paperwork I had with the fraudulent organization and they helped me recover all my lost money in just five days. If you have ever fallen victim to scammers, contact GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES to help you recover every penny you have lost. (Text +1(406)2729101) Website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site (Email [email protected])

  • 29.11.25 12:35 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 29.11.25 12:35 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 29.11.25 12:35 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 30.11.25 20:37 robertalfred175

    CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 01.12.25 12:27 Thomas Muller

    YOU CAN REACH OUT TO GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES FOR HELP TO RECOVER YOUR STOLEN BTC OR ETH BACK WHATSAPP +1(208)713-0697 I once fell victim to online investment scheme that cost me a devastating €254,000. I’m Thomas Muller from Berlin, Germany. The person I trusted turned out to be a fraud, and the moment I realized I’d been deceived, my entire world stopped. I immediately began searching for legitimate ways to recover my funds and hold the scammer accountable. During my search, I came across several testimonies of how Great Whip Recovery Cyber Services helped some people recover money they lost to cyber fraud, I contacted Great Whip Recovery Cyber Service team and provided all the evidence I had. Within about 36 hours, the experts traced the digital trail left by the fraudster, the individual was eventually tracked down and I recovered all my money back. You can contact them with,  website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site  text +1(406)2729101 email [email protected]

  • 01.12.25 12:27 Thomas Muller

    YOU CAN REACH OUT TO GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES FOR HELP TO RECOVER YOUR STOLEN BTC OR ETH BACK WHATSAPP +1(208)713-0697 I once fell victim to online investment scheme that cost me a devastating €254,000. I’m Thomas Muller from Berlin, Germany. The person I trusted turned out to be a fraud, and the moment I realized I’d been deceived, my entire world stopped. I immediately began searching for legitimate ways to recover my funds and hold the scammer accountable. During my search, I came across several testimonies of how Great Whip Recovery Cyber Services helped some people recover money they lost to cyber fraud, I contacted Great Whip Recovery Cyber Service team and provided all the evidence I had. Within about 36 hours, the experts traced the digital trail left by the fraudster, the individual was eventually tracked down and I recovered all my money back. You can contact them with,  website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site  text +1(406)2729101 email [email protected]

  • 01.12.25 23:45 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 01.12.25 23:45 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 02.12.25 02:21 donald121

    In 2025 alone, hackers stole over $1.5 billion in digital assets from users worldwide. That's a wake-up call for anyone holding crypto. Theft hits hard because once funds move, they're tough to get back. Common ways it happens include phishing emails that trick you into giving up keys, big exchange breaches, or malware sneaking into your wallet. Marie guide walks you through steps to recover stolen cryptocurrency. You'll learn quick actions to stop more loss, how to trace funds, and ways to fight back legally. Plus, tips to avoid this mess next time. reach her (infocyberrecoveryinc@gmail com and whatsapp:+1 7127594675)

  • 02.12.25 15:05 Matt Kegan

    Reach out to SolidBlock Forensics if you want to get back your coins from fake crypto investment or your wallet was compromised and all your coins gone. SolidBlock Forensics provide deep ethical analysis and investigation that enables them to trace these schemes, and recover all your funds. Their services are professional and reliable. 

  • 03.12.25 09:22 tyrelldavis1

    I still recall the day I fell victim to an online scam, losing a substantial amount of money to a cunning fraudster. The feeling of helplessness and despair that followed was overwhelming, and I thought I had lost all hope of ever recovering my stolen funds. However, after months of searching for a solution, I stumbled upon a beacon of hope - GRAYWARE TECH SERVICE, a highly reputable and exceptionally skilled investigative and recovery firm. Their team of expert cybersecurity professionals specializes in tracking and retrieving money lost to internet fraud, and I was impressed by their unwavering dedication to helping victims like me. With their extensive knowledge and cutting-edge technology, they were able to navigate the complex world of online finance and identify the culprits behind my loss. What struck me most about GRAYWARE TECH SERVICE was their unparalleled expertise and exceptional customer service. They took the time to understand my situation, provided me with regular updates, and kept me informed throughout the entire recovery process. Their transparency and professionalism were truly reassuring, and I felt confident that I had finally found a reliable partner to help me recover my stolen money. Thanks to GRAYWARE TECH SERVICE, I was able to recover a significant portion of my lost funds, and I am forever grateful for their assistance. Their success in retrieving my money not only restored my financial stability but also restored my faith in the ability of authorities to combat online fraud. If you have fallen victim to internet scams, I highly recommend reaching out to GRAYWARE TECH SERVICE - their expertise and dedication to recovering stolen funds are unparalleled, and they may be your only hope for retrieving what is rightfully yours. You can reach them on whatsapp+18582759508 web at ( https://graywaretechservice.com/ )    also on Mail: ([email protected]

  • 03.12.25 21:01 VERONICAFREDDIE809

    Earlier this year, I made a mistake that changed everything. I downloaded what I thought was a legitimate trading app I’d found through a Telegram channel. At first, everything looked real until I tried to withdraw. My entire investment vanished into a bot account, and that’s when the truth hit me: I had been scammed. I can’t describe the feeling. It was as if the ground dropped out from under me. I blamed myself. I felt stupid, ashamed, helpless every painful emotion at once. For a while, I couldn’t even talk about it. I thought no one would understand. But then I found someone Agent Jasmine Lopez ([email protected]) ,She didn’t brush me off or judge me. She took my fear seriously. She followed leads I didn’t even know existed, and identified multiple off-chain indicators and wallet clusters linked to the scammer network, she helped me understand what had truly happened behind the scenes. For the first time since everything fell apart, I felt hope. Hearing that other people students, parents, hardworking people had been targeted the same way made me realize I wasn’t alone. What happened to us wasn’t stupidity. It was a coordinated attack. We were prey in a system built to deceive. And somehow, through all the chaos, Agent Jasmine stepped in and shined a light into the darkest moment of my life. I’m still healing from the experience. It changed me. But it also reminded me that even when you think you’re at the end, sometimes a lifeline appears where you least expect it. Contact her at [email protected] WhatsApp at +44 736-644-5035.

  • 03.12.25 22:17 Tonerdomark

    I lost $300,000 in USDC to a phishing scam. Scammers tricked me with a fake wallet link. They drained my account fast. I felt hopeless. No way to get it back. Then Sylvester stepped in. His skills traced the funds. He recovered every bit. USDC is a stablecoin tied to the dollar. Phishing scams hit hard in crypto. They fool you with urgent emails or sites. Billions vanish each year this way. Sylvester knows blockchain tracks. He used tools to follow the trail. I got my money back in weeks. Skills like his turn loss to win. Don't wait if scammed. Contact Mr. Sylvester now. Email: yt7cracker@gmail. com. WhatsApp only: + 1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701. He helped me. He can help you.

  • 04.12.25 01:37 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 04.12.25 01:37 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 04.12.25 04:35 Tonerdomark

    I lost $300,000 in USDC to a phishing scam. Scammers tricked me with a fake wallet link. They drained my account fast. I felt hopeless. No way to get it back. Then Sylvester stepped in. His skills traced the funds. He recovered every bit. USDC is a stablecoin tied to the dollar. Phishing scams hit hard in crypto. They fool you with urgent emails or sites. Billions vanish each year this way. Sylvester knows blockchain tracks. He used tools to follow the trail. I got my money back in weeks. Skills like his turn loss to win. Don't wait if scammed. Contact Mr. Sylvester now. Email: [email protected]. WhatsApp only: + 1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701. He helped me. He can help you.

  • 04.12.25 10:32 Tonerdomark

    I lost $300,000 in USDC to a phishing scam. Scammers tricked me with a fake wallet link. They drained my account fast. I felt hopeless. No way to get it back. Then Sylvester stepped in. His skills traced the funds. He recovered every bit. USDC is a stablecoin tied to the dollar. Phishing scams hit hard in crypto. They fool you with urgent emails or sites. Billions vanish each year this way. Sylvester knows blockchain tracks. He used tools to follow the trail. I got my money back in weeks. Skills like his turn loss to win. Don't wait if scammed. Contact Mr. Sylvester now. Email: [email protected]. WhatsApp only: + 1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701. He helped me. He can help you.

  • 04.12.25 18:25 smithhazael

    Hire Proficient Expert Consultant For any form of lost crypto "A man in Indonesia tragically took his own life after losing his family's savings to a scam. The shame and blame were too much to bear. It's heartbreaking to think he might still be alive if he knew help existed. "PROFICIENT EXPERT CONSULTANTS, I worked alongside PROFICIENT EXPERT CONSULTANTS when I lost my funds to an investment platform on Telegram. PROFICIENT EXPERT CONSULTANTS did a praiseworthy job, tracked and successfully recovered all my lost funds a total of $770,000 within 48hours after contacting them, with their verse experience in recovery issues and top tier skills they were able to transfer back all my funds into my account, to top it up I had full access to my account and immediately converted it to cash, they handled my case with professionalism and empathy and successfully recovered all my lost funds, with so many good reviews about PROFICIENT EXPERT CONSULTANTS, I’m glad I followed my instincts after reading all the reviews and I was able to recovery everything I thought I had lost, don’t commit suicide if in any case you are caught in the same situation, contact: Proficientexpert@consultant. com Telegram: @ PROFICIENTEXPERT, the reliable experts in recovery.

  • 04.12.25 21:45 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 04.12.25 21:45 elizabethrush89

    God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 05.12.25 08:35 into11

    The digital world of cryptocurrency offers big chances, but it also hides tricky scams. Losing your crypto to fraud feels awful. It can leave you feeling lost and violated. This guide tells you what to do right away if a crypto scam has hit you. These steps can help you get funds back or stop more trouble. Knowing what to do fast can change everything,reach marie ([email protected] and whatsapp:+1 7127594675)

  • 05.12.25 08:48 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = [email protected]

  • 06.12.25 01:44 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = [email protected]

  • 06.12.25 01:48 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = [email protected]

  • 06.12.25 10:36 Thomas Muller

    YOU CAN REACH OUT TO GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES FOR HELP TO RECOVER YOUR STOLEN BTC OR ETH BACK WHATSAPP +1(208)713-0697 I once fell victim to online investment scheme that cost me a devastating €254,000. I’m Thomas Muller from Berlin, Germany. The person I trusted turned out to be a fraud, and the moment I realized I’d been deceived, my entire world stopped. I immediately began searching for legitimate ways to recover my funds and hold the scammer accountable. During my search, I came across several testimonies of how Great Whip Recovery Cyber Services helped some people recover money they lost to cyber fraud, I contacted Great Whip Recovery Cyber Service team and provided all the evidence I had. Within about 36 hours, the experts traced the digital trail left by the fraudster, the individual was eventually tracked down and I recovered all my money back. You can contact them with,  website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site  text +1(406)2729101 email [email protected]

  • 06.12.25 10:36 Thomas Muller

    YOU CAN REACH OUT TO GREAT WHIP RECOVERY CYBER SERVICES FOR HELP TO RECOVER YOUR STOLEN BTC OR ETH BACK WHATSAPP +1(208)713-0697 I once fell victim to online investment scheme that cost me a devastating €254,000. I’m Thomas Muller from Berlin, Germany. The person I trusted turned out to be a fraud, and the moment I realized I’d been deceived, my entire world stopped. I immediately began searching for legitimate ways to recover my funds and hold the scammer accountable. During my search, I came across several testimonies of how Great Whip Recovery Cyber Services helped some people recover money they lost to cyber fraud, I contacted Great Whip Recovery Cyber Service team and provided all the evidence I had. Within about 36 hours, the experts traced the digital trail left by the fraudster, the individual was eventually tracked down and I recovered all my money back. You can contact them with,  website https://greatwhiprecoveryc.wixsite.com/greatwhip-site  text +1(406)2729101 email [email protected]

  • 06.12.25 10:39 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 06.12.25 10:42 michaeldavenport238

    I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1

  • 07.12.25 08:43 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = [email protected]

  • 08.12.25 02:17 liam

    I recently fell a victim of cryptocurrency investment and mining scam, I lost almost all my life savings to BTC scammers. I almost gave up because the amount of crypto I lost was too much. So I spoke to a friend who told me about ANTHONYDAVIESTECH company. I Contacted them through their email and i provided them with the necessary information they requested from me and they told me to be patient and wait to see the outcome of their job. I was shocked after two days my Bitcoin was returned to my Wallet. All thanks to them for their genius work. I Contacted them via Email: anthonydaviestech @ gmail . com all thanks to my friend who saved my life

  • 08.12.25 09:07 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = [email protected]

  • 09.12.25 00:18 swanky

    For a long time, I had heard tales of individuals striking it rich through cryptocurrency investments, but I had little knowledge of how the system operated. The potential for financial gain piqued my interest, and I decided to dive in and invest. To help me navigate this complex landscape, I joined a group of online traders who promised to guide me through the investment process. Their confidence and expertise made me feel reassured about my decision.After spending some time learning from them and observing their trading strategies, I felt compelled to invest a substantial amount of money to which i lost, now in search of recovering my funds i got referred to anthonydavies on telegram a funds recovery specialist with his team help i was able to get back $300000 of my usdc back. you can reach him via anthonydaviestech AT gmail dot com

  • 09.12.25 01:01 Tonerdomark

    SYLVESTER BRYANT WAS A PROFESSIONAL/ RELIABLE HACKER AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDED I’m very excited to speak about him as a Bitcoin Recovery agent, this cyber security company was able to assist me in recovering my stolen funds in cryptocurrency. I’m truly amazed by their excellent service and professional work. I never thought I could get back my funds until I approached them with my problems and provided all the necessary information. It took them time to recover my funds and I was amazed. Without any doubt, I highly recommend Sylvester for your BITCOIN, USDC, USDT, ETH Recovery, for all Cryptocurrency recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking Related issues, contact Sylvester Bryant professional services waapp only= +1 512 577 7957 or + 44 7428 662701 EMAIL = Yt7CRACKER@gmail. com

  • 09.12.25 05:44 swanky

    For a long time, I had heard tales of individuals striking it rich through cryptocurrency investments, but I had little knowledge of how the system operated. The potential for financial gain piqued my interest, and I decided to dive in and invest. To help me navigate this complex landscape, I joined a group of online traders who promised to guide me through the investment process. Their confidence and expertise made me feel reassured about my decision.After spending some time learning from them and observing their trading strategies, I felt compelled to invest a substantial amount of money to which i lost, now in search of recovering my funds i got referred to anthonydavies on telegram a funds recovery specialist with his team help i was able to get back $300000 of my usdc back. you can reach him via anthonydaviestech AT gmail dot com

  • 09.12.25 10:24 lane3215

    It is distressing to lose USDT to a bitcoin wallet hack. Although challenging, recovering stolen USDT is feasible. Your chances increase if you move swiftly and strategically. Marie can help you with reporting the theft, recovering USDT, and taking immediate action. You can reach her via mail at [email protected], WhatsApp at +1 7127594675.

  • 09.12.25 10:25 lane3215

    It is distressing to lose USDT to a bitcoin wallet hack. Although challenging, recovering stolen USDT is feasible. Your chances increase if you move swiftly and strategically. Marie can help you with reporting the theft, recovering USDT, and taking immediate action. You can reach her via mail at [email protected], WhatsApp at +1 7127594675.

  • 09.12.25 14:16 Matt Kegan

    Grateful i came across SolidBlock Forensics. After investing in crypto trade and couldn't make withdrawals, it dawned on me something was wrong. They kept on asking for taxes, fees for maintenance, and more money for admin reasons. But being represented by SolidBlock Forensics, i was able to file reports, and finally, received all my investments with returns. Its great to know we have professionals that handle such issues and get the job done. 

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