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Н Новости

Могут ли трансформеры «думать»

Недавние исследования показывают, что модели трансформеров способны почти безошибочно решать задачи, требующие нескольких логических шагов. Например, из утверждения А вывести Б и дойти логически до В. И что удивительно, это достигается без использования Chain-of-Thought или особых промптов — только классический GPT-2. Давайте посмотрим, как трансформеры «думают» при решении задач рассуждения, и напишем для этого код с использованием библиотеки Hugging Face.

Привет! Меня зовут Роман и я сейчас получаю Ph.D. в Мюнхене. Одной из тем моей кандидатской является память и гроккинг. Этот концепт мне кажется очень необычным и кое-где противоречащим современным концепциям обучения ИИ. Иногда пишу в свой телеграмм канал про ИИ технологии, в частности про мои исследования в университете, стартапы, кастдевы и вообще все, что мне кажется интересным. В ближайшие месяца мечтаю начать вести эфиры с экспертами из разных областей и задавать им мои глупые вопросы.

Здесь могло быть ваше введение

Сегодня мы рассмотрим необычное явление — гроккинг. Но перед этим давайте определим, что я понимаю под рассуждением и какие задачи будем решать. Возьмём, к примеру, вопрос: «Как соотносится возраст Трампа и Байдена?» Чтобы ответить, вам нужно сначала вспомнить их возраст, а затем сравнить эти значения — это и есть рассуждение в два шага.

"В этой задаче нет ничего сложного, GPT-4 ответит на этот вопрос без проблем", — воскликнете вы. И да, и нет: некоторую часть задач (около 30%, если верить данным статьи) все передовые модели действительно решают, но это очень далеко от полного обобщения! В целом, задачи рассуждений с несколькими шагами остаются сложными для текущих моделей трансформеров, тогда как гроккинг достигает впечатляющих 99% точности.

Почему статья вообще так называется и как это связано с «думанием»? В таких логических задачах тебе необходимо не просто закончить предложение наиболее статистически верным вариантом, но проделать работу:

Понять, с какими объектами предстоит работать
Извлечь из памяти информацию об этих объектах
Выполнить логическую операцию — сравнение или композицию
Сформулировать ответ

Отчасти это напоминает цепочку рассуждений (Chain-of-Thought), когда модель генерирует все доступные данные и логику перед ответом, создавая своего рода «рассуждение, записанное на электронной бумаге». Однако в этой статье и подобных задачах все эти действия происходят в скрытой части трансформера — он выполняет все 4 пункта «в своём скрытом состоянии» и лишь затем выдаёт ответ в виде токенов.

С одной стороны, неявные рассуждения затрудняют интерпретацию модели. С другой — как мы увидим далее — они позволяют достичь обобщения на сложных задачах и добиться почти 100% точности.

Как читать эту статью

Мне хотелось оставить базу статьи достаточно простой, чтобы человек с минимальным пониманием работы нейронных сетей и программирования, мог познакомиться с концепцией. При этом я хотел оставить возможность для более глубокого погружения в сложные процессы. Если вы хотите больше фактов, разобраться в коде или получить детальное объяснение — читайте все спойлеры. Если же вам нужен базовый уровень, спойлеры можно пропустить — основные идеи будут понятны и без них.

Гроккинг

Обобщение в контексте машинного обучения — это способность модели применять полученные знания к новым, ранее не встречавшимся данным или ситуациям.

Представим, что мы собрали данные для ИИ-калькулятора: 500 примеров умножения вида 2 × 3 = 6, 4 × 2 = 8 и так далее. Мы обучили модель на этих данных и теперь проверяем её на тестовой выборке: 10 × 10 = 100, 10 × 11 = 110 — примеры, которых модель не видела во время обучения. Способность к обобщению означает применение алгоритмов, изученных во время тренировки, к новым данным. Если модель не дала ни одного правильного ответа, мы говорим, что обобщения не произошло — вероятно, она просто «запомнила» тренировочный набор данных.

Современные постулаты ИИ говорят, что если у модели высокая метрика на тренировочной выборке, но низкая на тестовой — это переобучение. В таком случае в тренировочную выборку расширяют примерами, применяют регуляризацию или что-то еще. Потому что при наличии огромного объёма тренировочных данных, как и при регуляризации, модель физически не способна всё запомнить — ей приходится искать более эффективные подходы. Но необходима ли эта избыточность? Гроккинг ставит это под сомнение.

Гроккинг— это феномен отложенного обобщения модели на небольших наборах данных.

Метрики на тренировочной и тестовой выборке для задачи модульного деления. Модель через 100 итерацией достигает 100%, и лишь через 1 миллион итераций достигает такого же результата на тестовой.

Гроккинг открыли в каких-то подземных лабораториях OpenAI, откуда исследователей, видимо, не выпускали без паспортов и заставляли придумывать самые странные эксперименты, иначе как они до такого дошли, я понять не могу. Они решили обучить модель на небольшом наборе данных с примером модульного деления — то есть натренировать калькулятор. Что-то у них ничего не шло до тех пор, пока кто-то не оставил включенным компьютер на ночь. Модель всю ночь обучалась, и оказывается, если долго обучать, то модель начинает учиться более обобщённому алгоритму, а не просто запоминать все данные.

Из графика можно увидеть, что отложенность у обобщения довольно значительная: модель запомнила тренировочную выборку за тысячу итераций, а для тестовой потребовался миллион. Если перенести эти масштабы на современные языковые модели, обучение которых занимает недели или месяцы, гроккинг увеличил бы этот период до сотен лет. Неудивительно, что данному явлению уделяется так мало внимания — на данный момент оно не слишком эффективно.

Гроккинг в логических задачах

Хватит с историей, давайте перейдем к статье. В ней рассматриваются два набора данных: сравнение фактов и их композиция. Мы поочередно рассмотрим каждую задачу.

Важно отметить, что мы используем знакомые сущности и отношения между ними лишь для простоты. В оригинале они представлены абстракциями, которые можно заменить чем угодно: от госдолга стран до результатов теста твоих друзей "Кто ты из Смешариков".

Из чего состоят эти наборы? У нас есть атомарные факты и выведенные факты. Атомарные факты — это неоспоримые истины, на которых строится вся наша логика: вода кипит при 100 градусах Цельсия, Трампу 78 лет и так далее. Из этих атомарных фактов мы хотим вывести новую информацию: либо их отношение (одно меньше другого), либо их композицию (из А следует Б, из Б - В, значит из А следует В). Давайте рассмотрим на примере, как это работает.

Сравнение

Сравнение, как мы уже поняли, это когда что-то сравнивают. Например, возраст людей, их зарплату или что угодно. Ключевая идея здесь в том, что у сущностей есть определённые значения, и наша задача — сопоставить эти значения между собой.

В задаче сравнения атомарные факты — это значения атрибутов, например, возраст Трампа и Байдена. Выведенные факты — результат их сравнения.

Атомарные факты:

Возраст Трампа 78 лет
Возраст Байдена 82 года

Выведенный факт:

Байден старше Трампа.

Про абстрактность данных

Как уже было сказано, данные в датасете представлены в более абстрактном формате.

Атомарный факт:
<e_488><attr_0><1></a>

<e_488> - сущность номер 488
<attr_0> - атрибут номер 0
<1> - значение атрибута у сущности

Выведенный факт:
<attr_2><q><e_621><mask><e_545><attr_2_2></a>

<attr_2><q> Сравнивается аттрибут 2
<e_621><mask><e_545> у сущностей #612 и #545
<attr_2_2> - аттрибут 2 больше у #621

По сути своей, в этой части

<attr_2><q><e_621><mask><e_545>

задается вопрос: “Как соотносится аттрибут 2 у сущности 621 по сравнению с 545?”. Он может быть больше, меньше или равен. Соответственно, это отражается в следующем токене: <attr_2_0>, <attr_2_1>, <attr_2_2> - равен, меньше или больше.

Композиция

Композиция несколько сложнее сравнения. В общем виде, композиция — это своего рода объединение фактов. Например, если из факта 1 следует факт 2, а из факта 2 следует факт 3, то из факта 1 следует факт 3. Связи между сущностями в этом случае называются отношениями.

Например, Миша женат на Свете, а у Светы есть подруга Вика. Отсюда следует, что подруга жены Миши — Вика. Обратите внимание, мы не упоминали Свету напрямую — иначе задача из двухшаговой превратилась бы в одношаговую. Если мы не указываем явно промежуточную сущность, то на первом этапе нам нужно определить, кто жена Миши — Света. И только во втором шаге — кто подруга Светы.

Атомарные факты:

Миша женат на Свете.
Света дружит с Викой.

Выведенный факт:

Подругу жены Мишы зовут Вика

или, выражаясь более формально:

Миша женат дружит с Викой

Еще немного про абстрактность

Давайте посмотрим на более абстрактный набор

Атомарные факты:
1. <e_1034><r_6><e_339></a>
2. <e_339><r_85><e_1745></a>

Тут присутствуют уже знакомые нам сущности, но есть и новые части - <r_x> - отношения между сущностями. Так как это абстракция, то может быть там что угодно - от социального статуса, физической принадлежности (колесо - часть машины) до всего, что можно выразить подобным образом.

Что тут могло бы быть:
1. <Миша> <женат> <Света> </a>
2. <Света> <дружит> <Вика></a>

Выведенные факты:

<e_1034><r_6><r_85><e_1745></a>

Здесь присутствует неявная сущность - Света. Она не упоминается в примере явно, но косвенно на нее указывает связь <r_6>, или женат. То есть, переводя на естественный язык, это было бы так:

<Миша><женат><дружит><Вика></a>

Так имеют ли трансформеры думать?

Да!

(Слева) График метрик для композиции. (Справа) График метрик для сравнения. Красная линия - точность на тренировочной выборке. Зеленая линия - точность на тестовой выборке. Синяя линия - точность на тестовой выборке, где модель не видела ни одной связи с сущностями, то есть не было выведенных фактов. О ней поговорим чуть позже

С помощью гроккинга возможно решение обоих типов задач: композиции и сравнения. В обоих случаях модель достигла 100% точности на обучающей выборке примерно к 1000-му шагу. Однако если тренировать модель в 300 раз дольше (до 300 000 шагов), то 100% точность достигается и на тестовой выборке. Неочевидный механизм, не правда ли? Он становится еще более неочевидным, если не выполнить одно важное условие.

Качество данных

Качество данных — необходимый элемент, без которого эта "магия" не сработает. Под качеством данных здесь подразумевается соотношение выведенных фактов к атомарным. При этом, по заявлению авторов, количество данных не коррелирует ни с достижением метрики, ни со скоростью её достижения.

(Слева) График тестовой метрики от соотношения выведенных / атомарных фактов. Можно заметить, что если соотношения 3.6 (то есть на 1 атомарный факт приходится 3.6 выведенных), то сходимость не наступает. В целом, чем выше соотношение, тем быстрее сходимость. (Справа) График тестовой метрики в зависимости от размера набора данных - 2, 5 и 10 тысяч.

Очевидно, что эти значения специфичны для задач и данных, сгенерированных авторами, но тенденция интересная. Если подумать, то соотношение 3,6 уже весьма высокое для реальных данных, не говоря уже о 12 и 18. Возьмём, к примеру, Википедию — статьи там в основном написаны в "атомарном стиле", без явных примеров рассуждений и композиции. В нашем неструктурированном мире обработки естественного языка преобладают атомарные факты, а выведенных гораздо меньше. Возможно, именно здесь кроется причина "ограниченности" моделей?

Ну ладно, если вы уже собрались уходить читать следующую статью, то задержитесь еще на пару минут - сейчас мы посмотрим, как это работает на практике. Авторы любезно предоставили свою интерпретацию происходящего с экспериментами и картинками - любопытно же, как и чему модель обучается.

Как это работает?

Любую нейронную сеть можно представить как функцию f(x), преобразующую набор входных токенов x в набор сгенерированных токенов y. На самом деле, эта большая функция f состоит из множества вложенных функций: f1(f2(f3(x))). Это я абстрактно веду к тому, что сложность и эффективность трансформера определяется сложностью и эффективностью преобразований, которые он выполняет от слоя к слою и их взаимодействием.

Если коротко, это и есть ответ! Во время гроккинга, внутри трансформера формируются более эффективные преобразования и их взаимодействия на уровне слоев. Благодаря этому появляется способность к обобщению — более практичный способ решать задачи по сравнению с простым запоминанием. А если длинно, давайте разберёмся.

Обучение модели

Когда модель начинает обучаться, она находит простейший способ решения задачи — запоминание всех фактов. Это объясняет, почему на тренировочной выборке метрика так быстро достигает 100%. Со временем гроккинг может наступить или нет. Если мы вспомним, отчего это зависит, а это — соотношение выведенных фактов к атомарным, то шторка неизвестности начнет приоткрываться. Гроккинг наступает при высоком соотношении фактов, так как у модели появляется стимул искать более эффективный способ решения задачи, помимо запоминания.

Исследователи обнаружили, что модель внутри начинает разделяется на две части. В нижних слоях она находит у себя в памяти сущность, используя первое отношение (жена Мишы - Света). Затем, модель в верхних слоях пытается связать этот найденную сущность и второе отношение (подруга Светы - Вика).

Получается, что модель разделяется на этапы, соответствующие шагам рассуждения. Хотя мы не упоминали Свету явно в нашем примере, модель всё равно находит её на первом этапе, так как это необходимо для определения её подруги. Вместо простого запоминания Миша-Вика, что является менее эффективным, формируется схема для поиска Миша-Света-Вика.

Нижние слои (0-5):
Получают информацию о связующей сущности (Света)
Сохраняют информацию о её связи со второй сущностью для последующего извлечения
Верхние слои (5-8):
Выполняют второй шаг рассуждения, извлекая оставшуюся информацию — связь между связующей и конечной сущностями (Вика)
Передают информацию в конечный слой, где модель использует её для формирования ответа

Если умножить скрытое состояние на нашу матрицу эмбеддингов, мы получим распределение токенов. На 5 слое, первый узел содержит связующую сущность, а второй узел передает второе отношение дальше.

Та синяя линия на графике, или неэффективность архитектуры трансформера

Помните, у нас чуть выше был график данных и там была странная линия Test (OOD — Out of Distribution), которая никак не хотела расти выше 5%? Если вкратце, модели вообще не показывали выведенные факты об этих сущностях.

Давайте рассмотрим пример: у нас есть Антон, женатый на Маше, а у Маши есть подруга Катя. Во время обучения модели предоставили все атомарные факты об этом, но не дали выведенных. То есть модель знает, что Антон женат на Маше, а подруга Маши — Катя, но во время обучения ни разу не отвечала на вопросы вроде "Кто подруга жены Антона?". То есть, модель знает все связи, знает логику работы этих связей, но почему-то, если в тренировочную выборку не включить примеры использования этих связей, то у нее не получится ответить на эти вопросы в тесте. Честно говоря, такое поведение кажется несколько нелогичным — ведь на остальные вопросы модель отвечает без проблем. Но у авторов статьи и на это нашелся ответ!

Как мы выяснили, извлечение фактов второго шага — когда мы нашли жену и хотим найти её подругу — происходит в верхних слоях (5-8). Исследователи пришли к выводу, что модели просто незачем хранить в памяти атомарные факты второго шага в верхних слоях, если они не использовались во время обучения — модели они были не нужны. Модель может понять, что Маша — жена Антона, но когда она пытается понять, кто же подруга Маши, она осознает, что не знает этого… По крайней мере в верхних слоях.

Из-за особенностей архитектуры памяти трансформера, а именно отсутствия общей "шины" памяти, факты в первых и последних слоях никак совместно не используются. Поэтому если у модели нет причин хранить данные в верхних слоях, она не сможет решить задачу на примерах, которых никогда не видела.

Совсем немного про сравнение

Для задачи сравнения модель способна к обобщению на Test (OOD) и вот почему: формируется параллельная схема с несколько иным алгоритмом работы.

Первые слои (0-5) отвечают за извлечение фактов о сущностях. Таким образом, модели не нужно хранить атомарные факты в разных своих частях.
Верхние слои (5-8) сравнивают извлеченные значения и определяют отношение — больше, меньше или равно.

Резюме

Гроккинг — феномен отложенного обобщения модели на небольших наборах данных.
Благодаря гроккингу модель формирует более эффективные алгоритмы решения задач, достигая до 100% точности на тестовой выборке.
Качество данных критично для гроккинга — ключевое значение имеет соотношение выведенных фактов к атомарным.
В процессе обучения модель разделяется на две части:
- Нижние слои (0-5) выполняют первый шаг — получают значения сущностей или ищут связующую.
- Верхние слои (5-8) объединяют полученные факты или сравнивают значения.
Текущая архитектура памяти трансформера не позволяет ей эффективно делиться знаниями и фактами между слоями, поэтому в задаче композиции модель не смогла обобщиться полностью

Практика

Давайте попробуем повторить результаты и поведение гроккинга на таком же наборе данных, что и у авторов. Мы сделаем несколько изменений для простоты, о которых я буду сообщать по ходу. Весь код будет доступен в виде ноутбука. Найти ссылка на него и на данные вы сможете в самом конце статьи.

Мы будем использовать библиотеку Hugging Face и её реализацию класса для простого обучения модели — Trainer. С его помощью модель можно обучить всего за несколько строк кода. В нашем примере мы сосредоточимся на задаче сравнения, но этот же код можно применить и для задачи композиции.

Данные

Как мы уже разбирали ранее, данные представляют из себя абстрактные сущности.

{
  'input_text': '<e_156><attr_0>',
  'target_text': '<e_156><attr_0><4></a>',
  'type': 'id_atomic'
}

В оригинальной статье используется seq2seq модель, поэтому здесь есть input_text и target_text, который модель должна сгенерировать. Мы будем работать с классическим предсказанием следующего токена, поэтому понадобиться лишь target_text. Атрибут type говорит нам, что именно это за данные - атомарный факт, выведенный факт или что-то еще. Вот какие значения могут быть:

id_atomic - атомарный факт
ood_atomic - атомарный факт, для которого нет выведенных в тренировочной выборке
train_inferred - выведенный тренировочный факт
test_inferred_iid - выведенный тестовый факт (атомарные факты были в каких-то других выведенных фактах)
test_inferred_ood - выведенный тестовый факт (атомарные факты не были в каких-то других выведенных фактах)

Для простоты и скорости тренировки, использовать будем соотношение выведенных к атомарным фактам — 12.6, то есть почти 13 выведенных фактов на 1 атомарный.

train.json
{
  'id_atomic': 18000, 
  'ood_atomic': 2000, 
  'train_inferred': 226800
}

test.json
{
  'test_inferred_ood': 3000,
  'test_inferred_iid': 3000,
  'train_inferred': 3000
}

Читаем данные

with open('train.json', 'r') as f:
   train = json.load(f)

with open('test.json', 'r') as f:
   valid = json.load(f)

Токенизатор и словарь

В статье используется уже готовый словарь с токенами, который был составлен вместе с генерацией набора данных. Можно использовать его, но мы не ищем легких путей, поэтому натренируем свой токенизатор и составим словарь под нас.

Импорты

from datasets import Dataset, DatasetDict
from tokenizers import Tokenizer
from tokenizers.models import BPE
from transformers import GPT2TokenizerFast
from tokenizers.trainers import BpeTrainer
from tokenizers.pre_tokenizers import Whitespace
from tokenizers.decoders import ByteLevel

Инициализируем токенизатор. Использовать будем Byte Pair Encoding - изначально он был представлен вместе с первыми GPT моделями, и до сих пор там используется. И раз в дальнейшем мы будем работать с GPT-2 small моделью, то этот выбор энкодера логичен.

Byte Pair Encoding работает, как ни странно, с байтами и объединяет их часто встречающиеся последовательности в токены. Благодаря этому разбиваются основы и окончания слов. Например, "lower" = "low" + "er" и "lowest" = "low" + "est". Мы не будем углубляться в эту тему, так как она не является основной в нашей статье. Если вам интересно узнать больше, можете почитать тут.

Это особенно полезно для нашей задачи, поскольку наши примеры не разделены пробелами и фактически представляют собой одно длинное слово. Благодаря работе на уровне байтов, нам не нужно вручную разбивать этот текст на отдельные токены — энкодер сам определит, что следует объединить, а что разделить.

Инициализация

tokenizer = Tokenizer(BPE())
tokenizer.pre_tokenizer = Whitespace()
tokenizer.decoder = ByteLevel()
# добавляем специальные токен
SPECIAL_TOKENS = ["<q>", "<pad>", "</q>", "<unk>", "<mask>", "<a>", "</a>"]

trainer = BpeTrainer(min_frequency=1, special_tokens=SPECIAL_TOKENS)

Напишем небольшую функцию, где натренируем наш токенизатор из итерируемого объекта. В нашем случае это будет просто list с текстами. Затем закодируем какой-нибудь случайный текст и декодируем его, чтобы проверить адекватность нашего подхода.

Тренируем токенизатор

def train_tokenizer(texts, save_path = None):
    tokenizer.train_from_iterator(texts, trainer=trainer)

    print('Обучение завершено. \nВсего токенов в словаре {}.\nПримеры токенов:\n{}'.format(
        tokenizer.get_vocab_size(),
        '\n'.join(["{} - {}".format(token, token_id) for token, token_id in tokenizer.get_vocab().items()][:10])
    ))

    fast_tokenizer = GPT2TokenizerFast(tokenizer_object=tokenizer)
    fast_tokenizer.add_special_tokens({'pad_token': '<pad>'})

    # проверим, что вышло
    for text in texts[:1]:
        encoded_text = fast_tokenizer.encode(text)
        decoded_text = fast_tokenizer.decode(encoded_text)
        tokenized_text = fast_tokenizer.tokenize(text)

        print('\n\nОригинальный текст: {}\nТокенезированный: {}\nЗакодированный: {}\nДекодированный: {}'.format(
            text, tokenized_text, encoded_text, decoded_text
        ))

    if save_path is not None:
        fast_tokenizer.save_pretrained(save_path)

# обучаем токенайзер на всех данных
train_texts = [row['target_text'] for row in train]
all_texts = train_texts + valid_texts
train_tokenizer(all_texts, save_path = 'tokenizer')

И вот что получилось

Обучение завершено. 
Всего токенов в словаре 1132.
Примеры токенов:
6 - 14
e_299 - 664
e_105 - 511
e_143 - 684
e_585 - 317
e_805 - 475
e_363 - 710
e_655 - 268
e_17 - 188
e_771 - 999


Оригинальный текст: <e_156><attr_0><4></a>
Токенезированный: ['<', 'e_156', '><', 'attr_0', '><', '4', '>', '</a>']
Закодированный: [18, 612, 29, 67, 29, 12, 19, 6]
Декодированный: <e_156><attr_0><4></a>

Из хороших новостей: токенизатор правильно выделил атрибуты, сущности и ответы для сравнения в разные токены — ура! Из плохих: токенизатор считает скобочки >< за отдельные токены: это увеличивает длину наших токенизированных предложений и может добавить шум, когда мы соберёмся модель интерпретировать, но для наших целей этого достаточно.

Конфигурация модели

Давайте посчитаем оптимальную конфигурацию для нашего трансфомера. Для этого нужно посчитать длину токенизированных предложений - так мы поймем, какой потребуется контекст. С оригинальным контекстом GPT-2 в 1024 токенов работать смысла нет, так как у нас ограниченный вход, а увеличенный контекст лишь увеличит вычислительные затраты.

Считаем длину наших токенов

tokenizer = GPT2TokenizerFast.from_pretrained("tokenizer")

# подсчитаем максимальную длину токенизированного текста, чтобы оптимизировать трансформер
Counter([len(tokenizer.encode(text)) for text in all_texts])

Counter({8: 25000, 14: 235800})

Максимальная длина последовательности оказалась 14 токенов. При работе с GPU эффективнее использовать гиперпараметры, являющиеся степенью двойки или хотя бы чётным числом. Это оптимизирует обработку данных на GPU. Ближайшая к 14 степень двойки — 16, поэтому установим её как максимальную длину нашей последовательности. Также определим конфигурацию модели, взятую из оригинальной статьи.

Определеяем конфиг

MODEL_SIZES = ['small', 'medium']
MAX_SEQ_LEN = 16

# Используем самую маленькую модель
model_size = MODEL_SIZES[0]

# инициализация конфига - тут указываем все гиперпараметры, которые могут нам потребоваться
if model_size == 'small':
    n_embd = 768
    n_layer = 8
    n_head = 12

else:
    n_embd = 1024
    n_layer = 16
    n_head = 16
    
config = GPT2Config(
    vocab_size=tokenizer.vocab_size,
    n_positions=MAX_SEQ_LEN,
    n_ctx=MAX_SEQ_LEN,
    n_embd=n_embd,
    n_layer=n_layer,
    n_head=n_head,
    pad_token_id=tokenizer.pad_token_id,
)

model = GPT2LMHeadModel(config)

Подготовка данных

Теперь поработаем с данными. Наша задача — токенизировать текст, дополнить его паддинг-токенами до максимальной длины, если необходимо, и преобразовать в формат, подходящий для работы с trainer. На этом, в целом, всё. Использовать будем класс dataset.

Обрабатываем данные

# функция токенизации
def preprocess_function(examples):
    model_inputs = tokenizer(examples['target_text'], truncation=True, padding='max_length', max_length=MAX_SEQ_LEN)
    return model_inputs
# преобразуем из list в dataset
dataset_train = Dataset.from_list(train)
dataset_valid = Dataset.from_list(valid)
# токенизируем и заполняем [pad]
dataset_train = dataset_train.map(preprocess_function, batched=True)
dataset_valid = dataset_valid.map(preprocess_function, batched=True)
# посмотрим, что получилось
dataset_valid

Dataset({
    features: ['input_text', 'target_text', 'type', 'input_ids', 'attention_mask'],
    num_rows: 14000
})

В тестовом наборе данных получилось 14 тысяч примеров. У нас есть уже знакомые поля input_text, target_text, type. Но еще добавились два новых: input_ids, attention_mask. Посмотрим на них

Выводим новые поля

dataset_valid['input_ids'][0], dataset_valid['attention_mask'][0]

([18, 56, 19, 0, 18, 751, 19, 4, 18, 1052, 29, 105, 19, 6, 1, 1],
 [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0])

input_ids представляет собой токенизированный текст. Как можно заметить, повторяющиеся 1 в конце — это наши [pad] токены. attention_mask — набор 1 и 0, указывающий трансформеру, какие токены не нужно включать в механизм внимания. В нашем случае это [pad] токены.

Теперь что мы не сделали еще: не подготовили данные для метрик! Следуя оригинальной статье, подготовим train, test (iid) и test (ood). Для этого возьмем все данные из нашего dataset_valid, которые обладают соответствующим типом.

Формируем тестовые наборы

train_questions = dataset_valid.filter(lambda x:  x['type'] == 'train_inferred' )
valid_questions_iid = dataset_valid.filter(lambda x: x['type'] == 'test_inferred_iid')
valid_questions_ood = dataset_valid.filter(lambda x: x['type'] == 'test_inferred_ood')

Метрики

Последний рывок перед обучением! Для наглядности и простоты, код будет не самым эффективным и стабильным, но для наших учебных целей вполне приемлем.

Наша модель отдаст нам распределение вероятность на наши токены, поэтому первое, что необходимо сделать - взять наиболее вероятные токены на каждую позицию контекста.

Берем токен с наибольшей вероятностью

  predictions, labels = eval_pred
  # получаем наиболее вероятный токен
  predictions = np.argmax(predictions, axis=-1)

Теперь для простоты реализации, давайте декодируем текст, то есть переведем его обратно из токенов в слова

Декодируем

decoded_preds = tokenizer.batch_decode(predictions, skip_special_tokens=False)
decoded_labels = tokenizer.batch_decode(labels, skip_special_tokens=False)

А теперь, главный трюк! Так как адекватных токенов-разделителей у нас нет, просто подсчитаем на каком месте должно стоять предсказываемое слово - в нашем случае на 5 для сравнения и 3 для композиции.

Совсем не костыли

label_text = [l.split('><')[5].strip() for l in decoded_labels]       
pred_text = [p.split('><')[5].strip() for p in decoded_preds]


# раскомментируйте если хотите работать с задачей композиции
# label_text = [l.split('><')[3].strip() for l in decoded_labels]
# pred_text = [p.split('><')[3].strip() for p in decoded_preds]

И подсчитаем метрику accuracy — долю точно совпавших предсказанных слов.

Считаем метрику

correct = sum([1 if pred == label else 0 for pred, label in zip(pred_text, label_text)])
total = len(label_text)
accuracy = correct / total

Добавим теперь try-except, потому что код… в общем, у нас же нет гарантии, что в предсказанном моделью тексте будет 5 символов «><». Их может быть 3, 2 или вообще не быть, если модель только начала обучаться. Но не обращайте на это внимания — скажем, что легаси, и менять его нельзя — так и пройдем ревью. Кстати, не используйте общий блок try-except как здесь - это плохая практика. И обернем все в функцию.

Фунеция подсчетка метрики

def compute_metrics(eval_pred):
    try:
        predictions, labels = eval_pred
        # получаем наиболее вероятный токен
        predictions = np.argmax(predictions, axis=-1)
        labels[labels == -100] = tokenizer.eos_token_id
        # декодируем текст, чтобы получить представление
        decoded_preds = tokenizer.batch_decode(predictions, skip_special_tokens=False)
        decoded_labels = tokenizer.batch_decode(labels, skip_special_tokens=False)
        # к сожалению, авторы не сделали более адекватных ограничителей вопрос - ответ, типа <a></a>,
        # поэтому считаем количество скобочек, где должен находится наш ответ
        label_text = [l.split('><')[5].strip() for l in decoded_labels]
        pred_text = [p.split('><')[5].strip() for p in decoded_preds]

        # раскомментируйте если хотите работать с задачей композиции
        # label_text = [l.split('><')[3].strip() for l in decoded_labels]
        # pred_text = [p.split('><')[3].strip() for p in decoded_preds]


        # пример наших предсказания и ответов
        print('\n\n\nfiltered: ', label_text[:5], pred_text[:5])
        # считаем accuracy
        correct = sum([1 if pred == label else 0 for pred, label in zip(pred_text, label_text)])
        total = len(label_text)
        accuracy = correct / total
    except Exception as e:
        print(repr(e))
        accuracy = 0

    return {"accuracy": accuracy}

Теперь добавим callback для нашего trainer - без него он ничего сохранять не будет.

Callback

class TrainMetricsCallback(TrainerCallback):
    def on_step_end(self, args, state, control, **kwargs):
        if state.global_step % args.eval_steps == 0:

            train_metrics = trainer.evaluate(train_questions)
            valid_iid_metrics = trainer.evaluate(valid_questions_iid)
            valid_ood_metrics = trainer.evaluate(valid_questions_ood)

            with open(os.path.join(args.logging_dir, "metrics_log.txt"), "a") as f:
                f.write(f"Train Step {state.global_step}: {train_metrics}\n")
                f.write(f"Valid IID Step {state.global_step}: {valid_iid_metrics}\n")
                f.write(f"Valid OOD Step {state.global_step}: {valid_ood_metrics}\n")

Обучение

Наконец, мы добрались до главного. Давайте определим конфиг для нашего обучения. Вы можете оставить все параметры без изменений, но если ваша видеокарта не справляется с большим размером батча (batch size), или наоборот — поддерживает функции bf16 или torch.compile (требуются новейшие видеокарты), обязательно включите их. Это существенно сократит время обучения.

Определеяем параметры обучения

BATCH_SIZE = 512

training_args = TrainingArguments(
    # куда сохранять веса
    output_dir="./results",
    # сколько весов сохранять
    save_total_limit=2,
    # тут понятно
    learning_rate=1e-4,
    # batch_size для этапов тестирования и тренировки
    per_device_train_batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
    per_device_eval_batch_size =BATCH_SIZE,
    # сколько примеров аккумулировать на gpu во время evaluate() перед тем, как отдать cpu
    # чем больше число, тем меньше задержка из-за передачи данных с gpu на cpu, но расходуется больше vram gpu
    # ставьте максимальное число, которое позволяет ваша видеокарта
    eval_accumulation_steps=5,
    # логгировать ли первый шаг
    logging_first_step=True,
    # раз в сколько шагов считать метрики
    eval_steps = 500,
    # количество эпох обучения
    num_train_epochs=4000,
    # без комментариев
    weight_decay=1,
    # раз в сколько шагов логгировать. это не подсчет метрик - тут просто выводится loss и на каком шаге модель сейчас
    logging_steps=200,
    # куда записывать логи
    logging_dir='.',
    # сколько cpu использовать для предобработки данных
    dataloader_num_workers=4,

    # если ваша видеокарта позволяет, ставьте True
    torch_compile=False,
    # что-то одно
    bf16 = False,
    fp16 = False
)

Теперь определяем специальные классы для trainer и сам trainer. Это DataCollatorForLanguageModeling - он подготавливает данные для задачи предсказания следующего токена. Делает соответствующую предобработку - добавляет padding (нам не нужно), преобразует input_ids и attention_mask в формат задачи и добавляет дополнительные маски, если требуется.

Инициализируем trainer

# mlm - masked language modelling. когда мы маскируем определенный % нашего текста
# используется, например, в BERT
data_collator = DataCollatorForLanguageModeling(tokenizer, mlm=False)

trainer = Trainer(
    model=model,
    args=training_args,
    train_dataset=dataset_train,
    eval_dataset=valid_questions_iid,
    data_collator=data_collator,
    compute_metrics=compute_metrics,
    callbacks=[TrainMetricsCallback()]  # Добавление callback для подсчета метрик
)

И все! Можно запускать обучение.

Запуск

trainer.train()

Теперь вы можете увидеть прогресс обучения модели.

Скажу честно, терпения на Google Colab с T4 видеокартой у меня не хватило, поэтому я воспользовался своей. Проводил я все эксперименты на A100 с 80 ГБ VRAM, но вам столько не нужно. У меня утилизировалось всего 5–6 ГБ. Можете уменьшить batch_size и понизить это потребление ещё сильнее. В любом случае, гроккинг — дело долгое. У меня ушло приблизительно 8 часов, чтобы достичь 100% на тестовом наборе.

Результаты

(Слева) функция потерь (Справа) Точность на данных. Можно заметить, что функция потерь растет до определенного момента, а для OOD все время. Через 150,000 шагов достигается 100% точность на тестовой выборке.

Как мы видим, график приблизительно напоминает график из статьи. Только там использовалась log-шкала, а у нас обычная. До 50,000 шага можно наблюдать просадку в точности для OOD данных. Затем точность растет на обоих датасетах и сходится к 100% примерно на 150,000 шаге.

Выводы

Поздравляю! Мы успешно достигли гроккинга. Наша модель прошла путь от неопытного смешарика, который просто запоминает все значения, до опытного эксперта, способного строить сложные цепочки рассуждений.

Данный подход довольно нетривиален и требует очень качественных данных. Как мы видим, работали в этой статье с задачами синтетическими, имеющими графовую структуру. Что будет, если связность графа мала? Как нам применять этот подход в реальных задачах? Этому сейчас посвящена как раз моя кандидатская отчасти, поэтому можете найти ответы на эти вопросы здесь:

Если у вас остались вопросы - приглашаю в комментарии для обсуждения.

Источник

Теги

Ethereum

Категория

Новости

Дата

1 сент. 2024 г.

22.06.26 21:51 kimberlyhebert786

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24.06.26 01:25 Fraddy Pual

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24.06.26 01:27 Fraddy Pual

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24.06.26 01:28 Fraddy Pual

I never thought it would happen to me—but I lost $256,100 in Bitcoin through a shady investment deal. I was shattered, panicked, and convinced my savings were gone forever. Just when I was about to give up, I stumbled upon reviews for FUNDSRETRIEVER, a cyber recovery team with a solid reputation. I decided to give it a shot, and to my absolute shock, they recovered every single cent in record time. Working with them was a lifesaver. If you've been tricked by fake investment platforms, don't lose hope—FUNDSRETRIEVER can help. Contact them here: Email: [email protected] | WhatsApp: +16035121448 | Telegram: @Fundsretriever.
24.06.26 01:58 robertalfred175

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24.06.26 01:58 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
24.06.26 14:16 Universina da Mota

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24.06.26 14:21 Elizabeth Thompson

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24.06.26 15:33 Júlia Castro

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24.06.26 22:01 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
24.06.26 22:01 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
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26.06.26 01:04 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
26.06.26 01:04 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
26.06.26 02:48 Miriam Rocha

I trusted this platform with $120,000 of my hard-earned money. Then they started asking for more deposits just so I could access my own portfolio. I paid, but every withdrawal request was denied. They kept pushing for more money. I finally stopped it just felt wrong. Desperate, I found ResQProfirm on Google. They didn't just hear me out; they truly listened. I shared all my proof, and they launched an investigation. Thanks to their hard work, they tracked and returned my funds. From the bottom of my heart, thank you to [email protected] and their WhatsApp +19852969146. Please stay safe and always verify a platform before investing
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26.06.26 02:56 Asunción Herrera

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I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684
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05.07.26 14:44 lydiassmith567

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06.07.26 16:20 Olga Ognjanović

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06.07.26 16:31 Joseph Weigl

Invest wisely and stay cautious. Don't be influenced by promises of unusually high returns or convincing sales pitches from brokers. I learned this the hard way after falling victim to an investment scam that promised huge profits. Fortunately, I acted quickly and reported the incident to a recovery firm for assistance. Contact: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Resqprofirm WhatsApp: +1 985 296 9146
06.07.26 16:33 Jaran Løvlien

A heartfelt thank you to RESQPRO FIRM for their commitment and professionalism throughout the investigation of my case. Their team worked diligently and helped recover assets valued at $88,000, which were returned to my wallet. I truly appreciate their support, clear communication, and dedication, and I'm grateful for the assistance I received. Contact: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Resqprofirm WhatsApp: +1 985 296 9146
07.07.26 18:00 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
07.07.26 18:01 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
09.07.26 19:06 Toivo Walli

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09.07.26 19:10 Misty Alexander

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12.07.26 03:33 Pahal Mathew

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13.07.26 23:49 [email protected]

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15.07.26 11:53 Sarah Green

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16.07.26 21:38 patricialovick86

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16.07.26 21:38 patricialovick86

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17.07.26 19:24 laimqq90

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17.07.26 20:12 martinsjude080

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18.07.26 17:12 Malthe Larsen

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18.07.26 17:42 پریا رضایی

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18.07.26 17:46 Adem Akışık

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18.07.26 23:51 bernalzenaida

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19.07.26 04:10 Fraddy Pual

I can't thank Fundsretriever enough for everything they did for me. My name is Vanessa Conway, and I'm here to tell you my story of how I recovered money I never thought I'd see again. A few months ago, I put a significant amount of money into what looked like a genuine online investment company. At first, it felt real—they showed me fake profits and convinced me to invest even more. But when I tried to cash out, they went quiet and started asking for extra fees. That's when it hit me—I had been scammed. I was heartbroken, frustrated, and didn't know where to turn. That money was my savings—months of hard work gone. Then I found Fundsretriever online. I reached out, hoping for a miracle. Right away, their team made me feel heard. They were responsive, knowledgeable, and walked me through everything. They didn't just take my case—they took it seriously and kept me in the loop every step of the way. I finally felt like I had real experts fighting for me. And guess what? They actually got my money back. It wasn't instant, and it took teamwork, but it happened. When I saw those funds returned, I cried with joy. I'm sharing this so that anyone else out there who's been scammed knows—don't lose hope. Do your research before investing, and stay far away from platforms that promise too much too fast. And if you've already been stung, don't wait—get professional help immediately. Thank you, Fundsretriever, from the bottom of my heart. You didn't just recover my money—you restored my faith. — Vanessa Conway 📧 [email protected] 📱 WhatsApp: +16035121448 💬 Telegram: @Fundsretriever
19.07.26 19:53 kimberlyhebertt6877

I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684
19.07.26 19:53 kimberlyhebertt6877

I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684
19.07.26 19:54 kimberlyhebertt6877

I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684
30.07.26 00:04 Ahmed

A really cool analysis, thank you. I was especially struck by how strictly the order is defined: data processing and formatting come first, with color only at the very end. This really saves you from the typical mistake of "first a pretty palette, then we figure out what the chart is for." And the palette validator with OKLCH + colorblindness check is absolutely fantastic; you almost never see that in regular tools. By the way, while reading about rank-trajectory and the logarithmic scale, I immediately remembered how convenient it is to analyze dynamics on charts in ExpertOption—I've been trading there for quite some time now. When the data is well visualized, decisions are noticeably easier and more relaxed. I also liked the point about "no more than eight colors" and the dual-axis ban. Strict restrictions sometimes actually produce better results than complete freedom. I'll try this approach myself.
30.07.26 17:27 wendytaylor015

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30.07.26 17:27 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
31.07.26 16:21 rssllhrnsb

I learned an important lesson after investing in what appeared to be a genuine opportunity. Unfortunately, I was unable to access my funds, which reinforced the importance of carrying out thorough due diligence, checking whether an investment is appropriately regulated, and seeking qualified professional advice rather than relying solely on online reviews or testimonials. During the process of addressing my case, I worked with Mrs. Doris Ashley, who communicated clearly, provided regular updates, and handled the matter in a professional manner. According to my experience, I have recovered $50,000 so far, while efforts to resolve the remaining balance are still in progress. If you wish to contact her, the details I used are: Mrs. Tatiana Sorina TEXT : (tatianasorina06 at G.Ma IL ..c 0 m ) Before committing money to any investment, take time to verify the legitimacy of the platform, confirm any relevant regulatory authorisations, and avoid investing more than you can comfortably afford to lose.
01.08.26 15:05 keithwilson9899

ETHEREUM RECOVERY ASSISTANCE: CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER HELPED ME RECOVER $98,000 WORTH OF LOST ETH In cases of cryptocurrency scams, having accurate information and trusted support is essential. I would like to recommend Capital Crypto Recover Service, a professional team that specializes in assisting individuals with the recovery of lost or stolen Bitcoin and Ethereum (ETH). Their experienced experts are dedicated to helping victims of digital asset fraud by carefully analyzing each case, developing strategic recovery plans, Capital Crypto Recover Service knowledgeable team's primary goals are to satisfy clients and offer significant support and working diligently toward fund retrieval. The team is committed to providing reliable assistance and maintaining a high level of client satisfaction. Based on my assessment, their reputation professionalism and a strong commitment to their clients. If you have experienced a cryptocurrency loss, you can contacting them for further assistance Phone (Call/Text): +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Alternate Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
01.08.26 15:05 keithwilson9899

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03.08.26 20:05 Philip

I was a victim of a crypto theft involving a Pink Drainer, which resulted in the theft of my Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) from my Polygon network. The experience was incredibly frustrating and distressing, as I had no idea how to recover my funds. Unfortunately, by the time I noticed the theft, the funds had already been drained to an address that I had no control over, making it seem like an irreversible situation.The attack happened when I clicked on what appeared to be a legitimate link. I didn’t realize at the time that it was a phishing attempt designed to siphon off my private keys and access my wallet. The Pink Drainer, a type of malicious script used by attackers, is specifically designed to exploit such vulnerabilities in crypto wallets. The moment I realized that my WBTC had been drained from my Polygon network. I felt completely helpless, as I didn’t have direct access to the thief's address, and there was no way to reverse the transaction on my own at that point, I started searching for ways to recover my funds, but most resources only offered generic advice that wasn’t practical in this particular case. I quickly realized that if I wanted to have any hope of getting my assets back, I would need professional assistance. After some research, I came across a reliable and trusted recovery team called Aspen Recovery Experts. Their expertise in cryptocurrency recovery, especially in cases like mine, seemed promising.I decided to reach out to Aspen Recovery Experts, and I’m incredibly grateful that I did. Their team of crypto recovery experts was able to help me trace the stolen funds and identify the path the funds took after they left my wallet. Using advanced tools and techniques, they were able to track the transactions on the blockchain, helping me understand where my WBTC had been sent. More importantly, they worked tirelessly to assist me in contacting the necessary parties and even interfaced with blockchain analysts to help facilitate the recovery process.Thanks to their efforts, I was able to successfully recover my stolen funds. The entire process took some time, but the Aspen Recovery Experts dedicated team provided regular updates and kept me informed throughout the process, which gave me a sense of hope and relief during an otherwise stressful time. If you’re ever in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to a trusted recovery team like Aspen Recovery Expertshhh . Their professionalism, knowledge, and expertise were critical in helping me recover my funds and regain control of my crypto assets. Whatsapp : +1 747 231 9036 Telegram : @ prohackerspy Email : [email protected]
03.08.26 20:06 Philip

I was a victim of a crypto theft involving a Pink Drainer, which resulted in the theft of my Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) from my Polygon network. The experience was incredibly frustrating and distressing, as I had no idea how to recover my funds. Unfortunately, by the time I noticed the theft, the funds had already been drained to an address that I had no control over, making it seem like an irreversible situation.The attack happened when I clicked on what appeared to be a legitimate link. I didn’t realize at the time that it was a phishing attempt designed to siphon off my private keys and access my wallet. The Pink Drainer, a type of malicious script used by attackers, is specifically designed to exploit such vulnerabilities in crypto wallets. The moment I realized that my WBTC had been drained from my Polygon network. I felt completely helpless, as I didn’t have direct access to the thief's address, and there was no way to reverse the transaction on my own at that point, I started searching for ways to recover my funds, but most resources only offered generic advice that wasn’t practical in this particular case. I quickly realized that if I wanted to have any hope of getting my assets back, I would need professional assistance. After some research, I came across a reliable and trusted recovery team called Aspen Recovery Experts. Their expertise in cryptocurrency recovery, especially in cases like mine, seemed promising.I decided to reach out to Aspen Recovery Experts, and I’m incredibly grateful that I did. Their team of crypto recovery experts was able to help me trace the stolen funds and identify the path the funds took after they left my wallet. Using advanced tools and techniques, they were able to track the transactions on the blockchain, helping me understand where my WBTC had been sent. More importantly, they worked tirelessly to assist me in contacting the necessary parties and even interfaced with blockchain analysts to help facilitate the recovery process.Thanks to their efforts, I was able to successfully recover my stolen funds. The entire process took some time, but the Aspen Recovery Experts dedicated team provided regular updates and kept me informed throughout the process, which gave me a sense of hope and relief during an otherwise stressful time. If you’re ever in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to a trusted recovery team like Aspen Recovery Expertshhh . Their professionalism, knowledge, and expertise were critical in helping me recover my funds and regain control of my crypto assets. Whatsapp : +1 747 231 9036 Telegram : @ prohackerspy Email : [email protected]
04.08.26 11:05 Kisnoles

Excellent analysis, thank you. I was particularly struck by how rigidly the skill sets the order: data processing and form come first, with color coming last. This really cures the habit of "first a pretty palette, then we'll figure it out." A palette validator using OKLCH + color blindness + WCAG is something most chart generators lack. And regarding the boundaries of competence, it's very clear. Where there's a self-checking loop (color), you delegate freely. Where there's a heuristic (form, data interpretation), you remain the final filter. This is a universal principle, not just for /dataviz. By the way, when you look at trading dashboards (including those of decent platforms like ExpertOption), it's immediately clear who thought about readability and who just threw in rainbow lines. Tools like this skill could greatly improve the quality of analytics. Thanks again for the detailed analysis – saved.
04.08.26 12:37 kimberlyhebertt6877

I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684
04.08.26 12:37 kimberlyhebertt6877

I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] Call/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684
06.08.26 08:11 ROMMYHENDERSON344

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06.08.26 13:56 lydiassmith567

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06.08.26 13:56 lydiassmith567

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11.08.26 03:43 raymont0714

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12.08.26 16:37 rssllhrnsb

I learned an important lesson after investing in what appeared to be a genuine opportunity. Unfortunately, I was unable to access my funds, which reinforced the importance of carrying out thorough due diligence, checking whether an investment is appropriately regulated, and seeking qualified professional advice rather than relying solely on online reviews or testimonials. During the process of addressing my case, I worked with Mrs. Tatiana Sorina , who communicated clearly, provided regular updates, and handled the matter in a professional manner. According to my experience, I have recovered $50,000 so far, while efforts to resolve the remaining balance are still in progress. If you wish to contact her, the details I used are: Mrs. Tatiana Sorina TEXT : (tatianasorina06 at G_Ma IL dot ..c 0 m)…. Before committing money to any investment, take time to verify the legitimacy of the platform, confirm any relevant regulatory authorisations, and avoid investing more than you can comfortably afford to lose.
16.08.26 01:44 Matt Kegan

CapitalNode Analytics. They help to investigate and recover stolen digital assets from fake trading platforms. Great firm i must say.
18.08.26 04:59 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone WhatsApp/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
18.08.26 04:59 marcushenderson624

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19.08.26 14:50 BAYER7043

My account was locked, and I couldn’t access my own information until [email protected] +447476618364 whats?up? helped me recover it. This lady hacker was kind and professional, but this experience showed me how risky account lockouts can be. If you’re facing the same problem, do not panic consult her A. S. A. P. Be careful with recovery agents outchea, and research their name, business, and reviews before sharing any details. Never send passwords, security codes, banking information, or copies of your ID unless you’ve confirmed who you’re dealing with. Be wary of promises that sound too good to be true, especially claims that require little information or guarantee instant access with outrageous fees.
20.08.26 11:32 michaeldavenport218

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20.08.26 11:32 michaeldavenport218

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23.08.26 20:02 leslieyee

Excellent analysis by /dataviz! I was particularly struck by how strictly the order is defined: "data meaning first, color last" and how the validator actually adjusts the palette according to OKLCH, color blindness, and WCAG standards. These rules greatly improve the quality of charts. By the way, a similar approach to clean and legible charts is highly valued in trading—for example, on the ExpertOption platform, the interface and price visualization are designed to ensure information is read instantly and without unnecessary noise.
25.08.26 13:44 lydiassmith567

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25.08.26 13:44 lydiassmith567

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30.08.26 15:37 [email protected]

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30.08.26 15:37 [email protected]

Discovering I had been defrauded, I searched online for services claiming to recover stolen ETH. I contacted several companies, but none succeeded. Although some claimed they could trace assets or recover funds, I could not verify their success or recover my money. I later found SYLVESTER BRYANT Recovery through Google. After contacting him, he recovered 450,000,00. He can be reached at [email protected] or WhatsApp at +1 512 577 7957.
01.09.26 11:16 lisawerth897

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01.09.26 11:16 lisawerth897

My Experience With Cryptocurrency — CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER I lost over $82,000 in Bitcoin after falling victim to a fraudulent online investment scheme. After realizing I had been scammed, I spent considerable time researching possible ways to recover my funds. During my research, I came across CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER and decided to contact them after reading their reported success record and encouraging client positive reviews and testimonials. Their team guided me through the recovery process, and I was grateful to successfully recover my lost cryptocurrency. The experience was challenging, but I appreciated the assistance and support I received throughout the process. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it may encourage other victims to carefully research their options and verify any recovery service before proceeding. I will forever be thankful to you CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER 📧 [email protected] 🌐 Website: recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 📧 [email protected] 📞 Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684
01.09.26 17:34 Garry42

Really crazy world. These fraudsters go at any length to steal your hard earned funds. I have been a victim of a bitcoin scam about 7 months back. A Con artist gained access to my cashapp account through a phishing scam. They stole $409,000. I was really devastated. I did everything to get back my funds by contacting the FBI but they claimed there was nothing they could do. A friend told me about a recovery expert. He helps fight against various phishing and investment scams and they were able to help trace and recover my funds even though it took over 2 days. you can reach out to him through recoverydarek@gmail. com . I can guarantee his services are still active.
01.09.26 17:34 Garry42

Really crazy world. These fraudsters go at any length to steal your hard earned funds. I have been a victim of a bitcoin scam about 7 months back. A Con artist gained access to my cashapp account through a phishing scam. They stole $409,000. I was really devastated. I did everything to get back my funds by contacting the FBI but they claimed there was nothing they could do. A friend told me about a recovery expert. He helps fight against various phishing and investment scams and they were able to help trace and recover my funds even though it took over 2 days. you can reach out to him through recoverydarek@gmail. com . I can guarantee his services are still active.
02.09.26 03:43 kimberlyhebertt6877

I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] WhatsApp/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684
02.09.26 03:43 kimberlyhebertt6877

I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] WhatsApp/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684
04.09.26 21:51 Kovengray

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05.09.26 21:38 [email protected]

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09.09.26 21:31 lisawerth897

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09.09.26 21:31 lisawerth897

My Experience With Cryptocurrency — CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER I lost over $82,000 in Bitcoin after falling victim to a fraudulent online investment scheme. After realizing I had been scammed, I spent considerable time researching possible ways to recover my funds. During my research, I came across CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER and decided to contact them after reading their reported success record and encouraging client positive reviews and testimonials. Their team guided me through the recovery process, and I was grateful to successfully recover my lost cryptocurrency. The experience was challenging, but I appreciated the assistance and support I received throughout the process. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it may encourage other victims to carefully research their options and verify any recovery service before proceeding. I will forever be thankful to you CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER 📧 [email protected] 🌐 Website: recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 📧 [email protected] 📞 Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684
09.09.26 23:22 Fraddy Pual

Hearing that these individuals are focusing on other people makes me very sad. I had a similar situation with them and lost a lot of money, but after learning about (Cruxcipherteam @ proton DoT me), whataqq:+168160-15021, telegram: @Cruxcipherteam I was able to get my money back. It's critical that we all be watchful and keep reporting these occurrences.
11.09.26 03:23 kimberlyhebertt6877

I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] WhatsApp/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684
11.09.26 03:23 kimberlyhebertt6877

I invested in bitcoin trading After losing $78.4 USDT) linked to a romance fraud scam worth of cryptocurrency through an online investment platform and later discovered it was a scam. After extensive research for recovery options, I contacted CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER based on positive client reviews and recommendations. Their professional security team guided me through the recovery process using advanced technology, and I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency successfully. I am truly grateful for their support and assistance during such a difficult experience. I will advise you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER helped me recover my funds. For anyone facing similar issues, Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1 Email: [email protected] Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] WhatsApp/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684
15.09.26 03:35 elioduncan

I fell victim to a freelance web development contract scam that ultimately cost me CAD 4,000. It all started when I came across a job posting on Indeed Canada, a popular online job portal. The position seemed perfect: a freelance web developer role for an established company looking for someone to design and build a fully functional e-commerce website. The job promised a high payment of CAD 20,000 upon successful completion, which sounded like a great opportunity for me to gain experience and earn decent pay.The employer, who introduced himself as a project manager from a "well-known" tech company, was very persuasive and professional in our initial communication. He explained that the project involved developing a user-friendly, responsive online store for their client and that they had a strict timeline to meet. He assured me that the payment would be made promptly after completing the tasks. However, before starting the work, he told me that I would need to pay an upfront fee of CAD 4,000 to cover certain software tools and licensing fees required for the project. This was supposedly a part of their company policy for freelance contractors, ensuring access to their premium resources. The idea of working on a professional project, coupled with the promise of a substantial payout, convinced me to pay the upfront fee.As soon as I made the payment, the project manager became increasingly difficult to reach. He initially responded to my emails and provided some vague instructions on what the project would entail, but as time went on, communication slowed to a complete halt. I never received the required tools or any proper project details. My emails went unanswered, and any attempts to contact the company were met with silence. After waiting for weeks, I realized that I had been scammed.Desperate to recover my money, I turned to TechY Force Cyber Retrieval, a service that specializes in helping victims of online scams. They helped me track the payment and took legal steps to pursue the fraudsters. Through their guidance, I was able to recover the full CAD 4,000. TechY Force Cyber Retrieval worked with my bank to reverse the transaction and liaised with the authorities to trace the scammer's details.This was a hard lesson, and I now know to be highly cautious about online job offers that require upfront payments. It is crucial to research companies thoroughly and avoid any job that seems too good to be true, especially when it involves paying money upfront. WhatsApp https://wa.link/2x6ktp Mail. [email protected]
15.09.26 15:45 lydiassmith567

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15.09.26 15:45 lydiassmith567

HIRE A HACKER YOUR STOLEN CRYPTO RECOVERY / BTC / USDT / ETH WITH THE HELP OF CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER. I want to share my experience publicly regarding cryptocurrency wallet recovery, I highly recommend you to contact CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER, a professional private investigator in the Bitcoin world. They have a certified expert security team specializing in Bitcoin Recovery Services and have helped many people worldwide recover their lost funds. My wife and I were defrauded by an online manipulator posing as an experienced crypto investment professional. We lost $9.2 Million Stolen BTC in cryptocurrency and were left feeling homeless. After spending hours searching for a reliable crypto recovery service, I discovered CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER online. By patiently explaining my situation to their team, I was able to recover all my funds. Remarkably, my money was returned to my wallet in less than 24 hours. I am extremely grateful to CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER for their excellent assistance—they truly were a godsend in my difficult situation. If you have fallen victim to a cryptocurrency scam, you can reach CAPITAL CRYPTO RECOVER through the following channels Email: [email protected] OR Call/WhatsApp: +1 (336) 390-6684 Contact: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1