Этот сайт использует файлы cookies. Продолжая просмотр страниц сайта, вы соглашаетесь с использованием файлов cookies. Если вам нужна дополнительная информация, пожалуйста, посетите страницу Политика файлов Cookie

Прямой эфир

Русский

English

Войти / Регистрация

Cryptocurrencies: 9533 / Markets: 107045

Market Cap: $ 3 923 993 973 357 / 24h Vol: $ 194 157 126 959 / BTC Dominance: 58.990402925991%

Н Новости

Дистанционная фотоплетизмография: теория и практика

Добрый день! Меня зовут Иван, я закончил медицинский институт как врач‑терапевт и в настоящее время учусь на 2-м курсе магистратуры МФТИ по направлению «Прикладной анализ данных в медицине». Я прохожу стажировку в Центре искусственного интеллекта в медицине в Лаборатории искусственного интеллекта в Сбере и хочу рассказать о своей работе в области дистанционной фотоплетизмографии. Настоящее исследование продолжает цикл статей о дистанционной фотоплетизмографии в Лаборатории искусственного интеллекта в Сбере [44].

Фотоплетизмография (ФПГ) — это диагностический метод, который позволяет оценить изменения объема крови в микрососудах из‑за сердечных сокращений и получить таким образом информацию о работе сердца и о состоянии сосудов.

Фотоплетизмография находит широкое применение в клинической практике — она лежит в основе пульсоксиметрии (измерении уровня кислорода в крови), используется для подсчета частоты дыхательных движений, оценки тонуса и жесткости сосудистой стенки при артериальной гипертонии, ишемической болезни сердца и заболеваниях периферических сосудов. Активно исследуется применение фотоплетизмографии для предсказания риска фибрилляции предсердий, сахарного диабета, обструктивного апноэ во сне и других заболеваний. Таким образом, фотоплетизмография может использоваться как для диагностики, так и для мониторинга различных витальных показателей [39, 40].

Классическая контактная фотоплетизмография основана на оптической денситометрии — определении оптической плотности ткани. Участок кожи, например, на пальце, освещается красным и инфракрасным светом, который после отражения или прохождения через ткань регистрируется сенсором. При этом наблюдаются пульсации света, отражающие пульсирующий характер кровотока в микрососудах. В зависимости от расположения источника и приемника светового сигнала различают два типа фотоплетизмографических сенсоров: 1) «на пропускание» (трансмиссионные сенсоры), когда источник и приемник расположены с противоположных сторон от объекта исследования, например, пальца; 2) «на отражение» (рефлективный сенсоры), когда источник и приемник расположены с одной стороны от объекта исследований (рис. 1) [2]. Пример получаемого пульсового сигнала приведен на рис. 2.

Рисунок 1 [40]. Контактная фотоплетизмография бывает трансмиссивная (а) и рефлективная (б).

Рисунок 2. Пример пульсового сигнала, получаемого при контактной фотоплетизмографии. Данные взяты из датасета UBFC-rPPG [37].

В последние годы в качестве альтернативы контактной фотоплетизмографии активно развивается дистанционная фотоплетизмография. Она основана на том, что изменение кровенаполнения мелких сосудов влияет на процесс отражения света [11]. Отраженный свет записывается видео‑камерой и анализ полученного видео позволяет выделить искомый пульсовой сигнал. При этом не требуется использование каких‑либо специальных сенсоров как в классической ФПГ.

Мы начнем с описания физиологических основ и алгоритмов дистанционной фотоплетизмографии, после чего обсудим ряд технических аспектов, влияющих на ее точность и эффективность. Последний раздел статьи посвящен проведенным экспериментам и их результатам.

1. Физиологические и алгоритмические основы дистанционной фотоплетизмографии

Дистанционная фотоплетизмография основана на том, что изменение кровенаполнения сосудов из‑за сердечных сокращений вызывает незначительные изменения окраски кожи. Данные изменения неразличимы для человеческого глаза, но могут быть проанализированы с помощью специальных алгоритмов для получения пульсового сигнала. Последний может быть использован для подсчета частоты сердечных сокращений или оценки вариабельности сердечного ритма.

Таким образом, в дистанционной ФПГ можно выделить несколько стандартных шагов, общих для всех классических алгоритмов обработки сигналов (рис. 3). Сначала на кадрах видеозаписи выбирается область интереса — лицо или его отдельный регион. Далее извлекается RGB‑сигнал — считается среднее значение RGB‑каналов в каждом кадре. Полученный RGB‑сигнал может дополнительно фильтроваться, а далее используется для извлечения пульсового сигнала с помощью одного из алгоритмов. Наконец, пульсовой сигнал фильтруется и на его основе производится подсчет частоты сердечных сокращений.

Рисунок 3. Стандартные этапы при дистанционной фотоплетизмографии: выбор области интереса, подсчет RGB-сигнала, применение одного из алгоритмов для получения пульсового сигнала, его фильтрация и подсчет частоты сердечных сокращений [30].

В настоящее время существует ряд методов обработки сигналов для дистанционной фотоплетизмографии. Мы опишем несколько из них, разберем преимущества и недостатки.

1.1. Метод Green

Цветовые каналы в RGB‑видео несут различную пульсовую информацию. Зеленый G‑канал содержит наиболее выраженный пульсовой компонент, так как (окси)‑гемоглобин в эритроцитах сильнее поглощает зеленый спектр по сравнению с красным. Кроме того, зеленый свет проникает глубже в кожу по сравнению с синим светом и таким образом лучше достигает сосудистого русла [3]. Результаты исследования на нескольких датасетах, показали, что наиболее информативным во всех случаях является G‑канал. На втором месте чаще всего находится B‑канал, а на третьем — R‑канал, однако в отдельных случаях разница между B‑ и R‑каналами не является статистически значимой [1]. Когда объем крови в сосуде возрастает, то большое количество гемоглобина поглощает больше света, поэтому отраженная часть света уменьшается, что и ведет к формированию пульсаций в сигнале [41].

Простейшая идея — это использовать G‑канал как наиболее информативный для определения пульса, что и было предложено в одном из первых методов дистанционной фотоплетизмографии, который получил название Green [3]. Первый этап, стандартный для большинства алгоритмов, состоит в пространственной нормализации. На каждом кадре в видео выбирается область интереса (лицо или отдельная его часть) и считается среднее значение G‑канала среди всех пикселей в данной области. Аналогичным образом проводится усреднение и двух других каналов, в методах, которые их используют. В методе Green сигнал из G‑канала фильтруется, чтобы оставить частоты в диапазоне соответствующем 40–240 ударам в минуту, после чего доминантная частота сигнала используется для оценки частоты пульса.

Однако, при таком подходе не учитывается информация, доступная в других каналах. Поэтому вслед за этим методом был предложен алгоритм G‑R, который дополнительно использует красный канал, вычитая его из зеленого [4]. Вычитание R‑канала оказывает положительный эффект, так как учитывает физиологическую информацию — G‑ и R‑каналы содержат максимальную и минимальную пульсовые амплитуды, поэтому их комбинация максимизирует пульсовой сигнал. Несмотря на свою простоту, данный метод показывает достаточно хорошие результаты (сравнение с другими методами приведено в разделе 3 в табл. 2).

1.2. Дихроматическая модель

Видимые изменения окраски кожи происходят согласно физиологическим особенностям отражения света от кожи, поэтому для лучшего понимания алгоритмов дистанционной фотоплетизмографии нам необходимо рассмотреть механизмы данного процесса. Согласно дихроматической модели при падении света на кожу одна его часть отражается непосредственно от поверхности кожи (зеркальное отражение), а другая — проникает в подлежащие ткани, где частично рассеивается, а частично, достигнув кровеносных сосудов, — отражается от них (диффузное отражение) [5, 11]. Описанный процесс схематично проиллюстрирован на рис. 4. Очевидно, что только диффузно отраженная часть светового потока содержит информацию о кровенаполнении сосудов и может использоваться для анализа пульса.

Рисунок 4. При падении света на кожу одна его часть отражается непосредственно от поверхности кожи (зеркальное отражение – specular reflection), а другая – проникает в подлежащие ткани, где частично рассеивается, а частично, достигнув кровеносных сосудов, – отражается от них (диффузное отражение – diffuse reflection) [5].

Световой поток, падающий на сенсор RGB-камеры, может быть представлен в виде зависимой от времени {(t)} функции:

$\begin{equation} C(t)=I_0 \cdot (1+i(t)) \cdot (u_c \cdot c_0 + u_s \cdot s(t) + u_p \cdot p(t)) \tag{1} \end{equation} ,$

где {C(t)} — это среднее значение RGB‑каналов в области интереса, {I(t)} — интенсивность светового потока, которая модулируется двумя компонентами — зеркальным отражением ${v_s(t)}$ и диффузным отражением ${v_d(t)}$ . Последний компонент ${v_n(t)}$ — это шумовой сигнал сенсора камеры. Однако мы делаем допущение, что благодаря относительному большому размеру области интереса шум камеры ${v_n(t)}$ является незначимым и может не учитываться. В отдельных областях зеркальное отражение может преобладать над диффузным. Но мы также делаем допущение, что благодаря эффективному выбору области интереса участки с доминирующим зеркальным отражением не рассматриваются.

Зеркальное отражение ${v_s(t)}$ изменяется при движениях, так как последние влияют на геометрические отношения между источником света, поверхностью кожи и камерой. Таким образом,

$\begin{equation} v_s(t)=u_s \cdot (s_0 + s(t)) \tag{2} \end{equation} ,$

где ${ u_s}$ – это спектр света, ${s_0}$ – стационарный компонент, а ${s_t}$ – компонент, зависимый от времени, а точнее говоря – от движений.

Диффузное отражение v_d(t) зависит от поглощения и рассеивания света в тканях под кожей и определяется в первую очередь постоянным уровнем меланина – пигмента, обуславливающим цвет кожи, и зависимым от времени (от кровенаполнения сосудов) уровнем гемоглобина. Таким образом,

$\begin{equation} v_d(t)=u_d \cdot d_0 + u_p \cdot p(t) \tag{3} \end{equation} ,$

где ${u_d}$ — постоянный компонент цвета кожи, d_0 — постоянный коэффициент отражения, ${u_p}$ — относительная сила пульсового сигнала в RGB каналах, а {p(t)} — непосредственно пульсовой сигнал.

Подставив {(2)} и {(3)} в {(1)} получим:

$\begin{equation} C(t)=I(t) \cdot (u_s \cdot (s_0 + s(t)) + u_d \cdot d_0 + u_p \cdot p(t)) \tag{4} \end{equation} ,$

Постоянные компоненты зеркального и диффузного отражений могут быть объединены в единый компонент:

$\begin{equation} u_c \cdot c_0 = u_s \cdot s_0 + u_d \cdot d_0 \tag{5} \end{equation} ,$

где ${u_c}$ – цвет отражаемого светового потока, а ${c_0}$ – сила отражения. Подставим {(5)} в {(4)} , получим:

$\begin{equation} C(t)=I_0 \cdot (1+i(t)) \cdot (u_c \cdot c_0 + u_s \cdot s(t) + u_p \cdot p(t)) \tag{6} \end{equation} ,$

где яркость светового потока {I(t)} также представлена в виде постоянного I_0 и зависимого от времени $I_0 \cdot i(t)$ компонентов.

В сигнале, получаемом из светового потока, условно различают две части – пульсирующую переменную часть {AC} , которая зависит от пульса, и непульсирующую медленно изменяющуюся часть {DC} , которая определяется медленным изменением кровенаполнения венозных и артериальных сосудов, а также изменением объема межклеточной жидкости и другими физиологическими процессами, влияющими на оптические свойства биологической ткани [2]. Раскрыв скобки в {(6)} , можно упростить выражение, так как компонент {AC} на порядок меньше компонента {DC} , и их произведения ${s(t) \cdot i(t)}$ и ${ p(t) \cdot i(t)}$ могут быть отброшены:

$\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} C(t) &= u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0 + u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) + u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t) + \\ &\quad + u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0 \cdot i(t) + u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) \cdot i(t) + u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t) \cdot i(t) \\ &\approx u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0 + u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot i(t) + u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) + u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t). \end{aligned} \tag{7} \end{equation}$

Для наглядности еще раз отметим роль отдельных компонентов в {(7)} :

$u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0$ – это постоянная интенсивность света;

$u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0 \cdot i(t)$ – это изменения интенсивности света, которые вызваны, главным образом, движениями;

$u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t)$ – это компонент, связанный с зеркальным отражением света от поверхности кожи;

$u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t)$ – это искомый пульсовой сигнал.

Таким образом, {C(t)} – это линейная комбинация сигналов, и ключевая задача алгоритма дистанционной фотоплетизмографии состоит в извлечении пульсового сигнала из {(7)} . Существующие методы можно разделить на две категории – основанные на слепом разделении сигнала (методы главных и независимых компонент) и учитывающие физиологические особенности процесса светоотражения. Мы начнем с рассмотрения алгоритма CHROM, который предоставит интуитивно понятную мотивацию для ряда ключевых концепций, используемых и в других алгоритмах.

1.3. Метод CHROM

Изменение амплитуды пульсового сигнала в каждом из RGB-каналов зависит от интенсивности источника света [12, 11]. Для того, чтобы устранить постоянное влияние интенсивности и цвета источника света на пульсовой сигнал следует выполнить временную нормализацию каждого из RGB-каналов – разделить сигнал ${C_i(t)}$ в каждом из каналов на среднее значение сигнала в канале за время ${\mu (C_i(t))}$ :

$\begin{equation} C_ni(t) = \frac {C_i(t)} { \mu (C_i(t))} \tag{8} \end{equation} .$

Нормализация во времени является одним из ключевых этапов алгоритмов, которые основаны на работе в нормализованном во времени RGB-пространстве. К таким алгоритмам относятся CHROM и POS.

Однако временная нормализация не может устранить влияние изменений интенсивности светового потока за период, во время которого проводится нормализации [12]. Подобные изменения обычно возникают из-за движений поверхности кожи относительно источника света. Предположив, что изменения интенсивности одинаковы для всех RGB-каналов, можно устранить их, взяв отношение двух нормализованных во времени RGB-каналов. Так как, как уже было отмечено, G- и R-каналы содержат максимальную и минимальную пульсовые амплитуды, можно взять их отношение, получив пульсовой сигнал, на который устранено влияние движений:

$\begin{equation} S = \frac {G_n(t)} { R_n(t)} -1 \tag{9} \end{equation} .$

Единица вычитается для приведения сигнала к виду, где среднее значение равно нулю. Недавно были также предложены методы GB и GRGB, в которых вместо отношения ${G_n(t) / R_n(t)}$ используются соответственно ${G_n(t) / B_n(t)}$ и ${G_n(t) / R_n(t)} + {G_n(t) / B_n(t)}$ [6].

Отношение двух каналов позволяет устранить влияние изменений интенсивности, но не может убрать влияние зеркального отражения от поверхности кожи. Отметим, что, в то время как диффузный компонент, несущий пульсовой сигнал, различен для RGB-каналов из-за особенностей абсорбции света тканями, зеркальный компонент, несущий шум, является одинаковым во всех RGB-каналах.

При использовании источника белого света зеркальный компонент привносит одинаковую фракцию белого света, которую можно устранить, используя разницу между цветовыми каналами, то есть цветность (chrominance). Из трех RGB-каналов можно получить два ортогональных сигнала цветности:

$\begin{equation} X=R-G, \\ Y=0,5R + 0,5G - B \tag{10} \end{equation} .$

При этом изменения, вызванные пульсовой волной, будут различаться для них, а изменения, вызванные движениями, будут одинаковыми. Используя описанный ранее подход {(9)}, можно взять их отношение, чтобы устранить влияние движений, получив пульсовой сигнал:

$\begin{equation} S = \frac {X_n} { Y_n } -1 = \frac {R-G} {0,5R+0,5G-B } -1 \tag{11} \end{equation} .$

Еще раз отметим смысл каждого из данных этапов:

1) временная нормализация {(8)} позволяет устранить влияние постоянного уровня интенсивности света ${(u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0)}$ на пульсовой сигнал;

2) разница между цветовыми каналами позволяет устранить зеркальное отражение ${(u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t))}$ , одинаковое во всех RGB каналах, получив в результате два сигнала цветности {(10)} ;

3) отношение двух сигналов цветности в {(11)} позволяет устранить влияние изменений интенсивности света из-за движений ${(u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0 \cdot i(t))}$ .

Данный подход, однако, справедлив только при использовании источника белого света. Под источником света другого цвета алгоритм будет работать хуже. Для устранения означенного недостатка можно выполнить стандартизацию цвета кожи. В ходе эксперимента было установлено, что стандартизированный цвет кожи под источником белого света почти одинаков у всех людей:

$\begin{equation} u_{skin} = \frac {[R,G,B]} { \sqrt{R^2 + G^2 + B^2} } \tag{12} \end{equation} .$

Стандартизированный цвет кожи, конечно же, отличается в зависимости от цветотипа кожи (уровня меланина), однако различия невелики и потому пренебрежимы. Хотя более высокий уровень меланина усиливает абсолютное поглощение света кожей, поглощение света в разных RGB-каналах относительно друг друга остается почти одинаковым. Поэтому стандартизированный цвет кожи под источником белого света почти одинаков у всех людей [11].

Таким образом, для того чтобы выполнить поправку для источника света другого цвета, необходимо выполнить временную нормализацию каждого RGB-канала, используя {(8)} , а затем умножить на стандартизированный вектор цвета кожи {(12)} :

$\begin{equation} R_s=0,7682R_n,G_s=0,5121G_n,B_s=0,3841B_n \tag{13} \end{equation}.$

Далее подставим {(13)} в {(11)} :

$\begin{equation} S = \frac {X_s} { Y_s} -1 \tag{14} \end{equation} .$

$\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} X_s &= \frac{R_s - G_s}{0,7682 - 0,5121} = 3R_n - 2G_n, \\ Y_s &= \frac{R_s + G_s - 2B_s}{0,7682 + 0,5121 - 2 \cdot 0,3841} = 1,5R_n + G_n - 1,5B_n \end{aligned} \tag{15} \end{equation}$

Отметим, что изначально авторы в {(10)} выбрали {Y} как {Y=0,5R+0,5G-B} , однако в { (15) } , чтобы убрать дробные коэффициенты {0,5} , используют {Y=R+G-2B} . Очевидно, что результат будет тем же самым. Также отметим, что в {(10) } {X} представлен как {X=R-G} , a {Y} – как {Y=0,5R+0,5G-B} . Однако в { (15) } мы дополнительно добавляем знаменатели, для того чтобы вклад каждого из цветовых каналов имел корректный вес, соответствующий таковому при источнике света белого цвета. Мы можем расписать { (15) } чуть подробнее, чтобы увидеть, как получаются итоговые коэффициенты:

$\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} X_s &= \frac{R_s - G_s}{0{,}7682 - 0{,}5121} = \frac{0{,}7682R_n - 0{,}5121G_n}{0{,}7682 - 0{,}5121} \\ &= \frac{0{,}7682R_n - 0{,}5121G_n}{0{,}2561} \approx 2{,}999R_n - 1{,}999G_n \approx 3R_n - 2G_n. \end{aligned} \tag{16} \end{equation}$

Аналогичным образом:

$\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} Y_s & = \frac{R_s + G_s - 2B_s}{0,7682 + 0,5121 - 2 \cdot 0,3841} = \frac{0,7682R_n + 0,5121G_n - 2 \cdot 0,3841B_n}{0,7682 + 0,5121 - 2 \cdot 0,3841} \\ & = \frac{0,7682R_n + 0,5121G_n - 0,7682B_n}{0,7682 + 0,5121 - 0,7682} = \frac{0,7682R_n + 0,5121G_n - 0,7682B_n}{0,5121} \\ & \approx 1,500R_n + G_n - 1,500B_n \approx 1,5R_n + G_n - 1,5B_n. \end{aligned} \tag{17} \end{equation}$

Далее мы можем упростить {(14)} , используя свойства логарифмов и серию Тейлора:

$\begin{equation} log(1+s) = log(\frac {X_s} { Y_s} ) = log(X_s) - log(Y_s) \tag{18} \end{equation} ,$

$\begin{equation} log(x) = (x-1) - \frac {(x-1)^2} { 2)} + \frac {(x-1)^3} { 3)} -... \tag{19} \end{equation}$

Так как все аргументы логарифмов в {(18)} близки к единице, то

$\begin{equation} S≈X_s-Y_s=3R_n-2G_n-(1,5R_n+G_n-1,5B_n )=1,5R_n-3G_n+1,5B_n \tag{20} \end{equation} .$

Наконец, отметим, что амплитуда пульса {S} может быть сравнительно маленькой относительно ${X_s}$ и ${Y_s}$ . Если стандартизация цвета кожи окажется не совсем точной, то ${X_s}$ и ${Y_s}$ будут иметь разные амплитуды. Для коррекции можно использовать следующий механизм, называемый альфа-тюнингом:

$\begin{equation} S=X_s-αY_s,α= \frac {σ(X_s )} {σ(Y_s )} \tag{21} \end{equation} .$

Он обусловлен тем, что пульсовой сигнал находится в противофазе между ${X_s}$ и ${Y_s}$ , а искажения из-за изменений интенсивности светового потока при движениях находятся в фазе между ${X_s}$ и ${Y_s}$ . Таким образом, когда доминирует пульсовой компонент, то ${S_1}$ и ${S_2}$ находятся в противофазе, и поэтому их разность помогает усилить пульсовой сигнал. Если же доминируют искажения, обусловленные движениями, то разность их двух сигналов, находящихся в фазе, позволяет устранить данные искажения. Полученный алгоритм {(21)} основан на использовании двух сигналов цветности (chrominance), поэтому называется CHROM [12].

1.4. Методы слепого разделения сигнала

Метод главных компонент (PCA) и метод независимых компонент (ICA) [13, 14] позволяют разделить RGB сигнал {C(t)} на отдельные компоненты {Y(t)} , соответствующие интенсивности света, зеркальному отражению от кожи и диффузному отражению, несущему искомый пульсовой сигнал, с помощью матрицы {W} :

$\begin{equation} Y(t)=W·C(t) \tag{22} \end{equation} .$

Хотя алгоритмы слепого разделения сигналов на первый взгляд сильно отличаются от метода CHROM, отметим, что все они направлены на выделение пульсового сигнала как некой линейной комбинации сигналов из трех RGB-каналов. CHROM использует для этого постоянные во всех случаях коэффициенты в {(20)} :

$\begin{equation} S≈1,5R_n-3G_n+1,5B_n \tag{20} \end{equation} .$

a PCA и ICA – линейную комбинацию, определенную на основе {(22)} :

$\begin{equation} S=w_1 R_n-w_2 G_n+w_3 B_n \tag{23} \end{equation} .$

Разница между PCA и ICA заключается в их допущениях относительно указанных компонент: PCA предполагает, что они некоррелированные, а ICA – что они независимые. После разложения из {Y(t)} выбирается наиболее периодический сигнал как отражающий пульсовой компонент. Вследствие этого данные методы не работают, если движения человека также являются периодическими (например, при занятиях спортом). Более того другие частотные составляющие (например, дыхание) также затрудняют нахождение {W} [5]. Наконец, для корректного определения пульса необходимо использовать достаточно длинное видео (около 25 с), в то время как CHROM показывает хорошие результаты при работе и на значительно более коротких фрагментах [12]. Таким образом, благодаря учету особенностей физиологии и процесса отражения света CHROM демонстрирует лучшие результаты.

1.5. Временная нормализация и дихроматическая модель

Прежде чем перейти к описанию метода POS отметим более детально роль временной нормализации {(8)} в дихроматической модели {(7)} [5].

$\begin{equation} C(t) \approx u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0 + u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot i(t) + u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) + u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t) \tag{7}. \end{equation}$

Среднее во времени значение RGB-каналов ${\overline{C}(t) }$ отражает постоянный в течение определенного времени компонент светового потока: ${\overline{C}(t) \approx u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0}$ , и может использоваться для временной нормализации исходного сигнала {C(t)} путем определения матрицы нормализации {N} , такой что

$\begin{equation} N \cdot \overline{C}(t) \approx u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0 = 1. \tag{24} \end{equation}$

Таким образом, получим нормализованный во времени сигнал ${ C_n(t)}$ :

$\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} C_n(t) &= N \cdot C(t) \\ &= N \cdot u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0 + N \cdot u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0 \cdot i(t) + \\ &\quad+ N \cdot u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) + N \cdot u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t) \\ &= 1 \cdot (1 + i(t)) + N \cdot u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) + N \cdot u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t) \end{aligned} \tag{25} \end{equation}$

Отметим, что ${1 \cdot (1 + i(t))}$ — это изменение интенсивности света в направлении вектора {1} , который является вектором нормализованного во времени цвета кожи. Это наибольший компонент, изменения которого обусловлены движениями, и он одинаково представлен во всех RGB каналах. ${ N \cdot u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) }$ — это компонент зеркального отражения, а ${ N \cdot u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t) }$ — это пульсовой сигнал.

Также приведем сигнал к форме, где среднее значение цвета равно нулю:

$\begin{equation} \tilde{C}_n(t) = C_n(t) - 1 = 1 \cdot i(t) + N \cdot u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) + N \cdot u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t). \tag{26} \end{equation}$

1.6. Метод CHROM и дихроматическая модель

Перед обсуждением метода POS мы сделаем еще одно отступление и обсудим описанный ранее метод CHROM с позиций дихроматической модели [5]. Это позволит в дальнейшем подчеркнуть сходства и различия алгоритмов POS и CHROM, которые очень близки друг другу и отличаются, в сущности, лишь порядком выполняемых операций.

Метод CHROM работает в нормализованном во времени RGB-пространстве и состоит из двух ключевых и одного промежуточного этапов:

1) Проекция в направлении стандартизированного вектора цвета кожи под источником белого света ${u_{skin}}$ , чтобы выполнить поправку для источника света другого цвета. Данный этап является промежуточным так как необходим только в условиях освещения не соответствующих белому свету;

2) Проекция в ортогональную относительно зеркального отражения плоскость, чтобы устранить влияние зеркального отражения. В дихроматической модели {(26)} это – проекция ортогональная компоненту ${ (N \cdot u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t)) }$ ;

3) Альфа-тюнинг для устранения искажений, вызываемых изменением интенсивности светового потока из-за движений.

Следуя описанию в [5], мы можем объединить первые два этапа в умножение на единую проекционную матрицу. На основе вектора ${u_{skin} = [0.7682; 0.5121; 0.3841]}$ создадим диагональную матрицу ${U_{skin}}$ , так что ${U_{skin}^{-1} \cdot u_{skin} = 1}$ :

$\begin{equation} U_{{skin}} = \begin{pmatrix} 0,7682 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0,5121 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0,3841 \end{pmatrix}. \tag{27} \end{equation}$

Матрица ${P_{Chrom}}$ для проекции в ортогональном относительно зеркального отражения направлении — это матрица коэффициентов, используемых для получения двух ортогональных сигнала цветности в {(10)} :

$\begin{equation} P_{{Chrom}} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 & 0 \\ 0,5 & 0,5 & -1 \end{pmatrix}. \tag{28} \end{equation}$

где строки соответствуют двум сигналам цветности, а столбцы – коэффициентам RGB-каналов. Умножим ${P_{{Chrom}}}$ и ${U_{skin}}$ :

$\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} P_{{Chrom}} \cdot U_{{skin}} &= \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 & 0 \\ 0.5 & 0.5 & -1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 0,7682 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0,5121 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0,3841 \end{pmatrix} \\ &= \begin{pmatrix} 0,7682 & -0,5121 & 0 \\ 0,3841 & 0,2561 & -0.3841 \end{pmatrix}. \end{aligned} \tag{29} \end{equation}$

Чтобы показать эквивалентность полученной проекционной матрицы коэффициентам в оригинальной статье про CHROM выполним несколько простейших преобразований. Разделим каждую строку на наименьший по модулю ненулевой элемент:

$\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \begin{pmatrix} \frac{0,7682}{0,5121} & -\frac{0,5121}{0,5121} & 0 \\ \frac{0,3841}{0,2561} & \frac{0,2561}{0,2561} & -\frac{0.3841}{0,2561} \end{pmatrix} &= \begin{pmatrix} 1,5 & -1 & 0 \\ 1,5 & 1 & -1,5 \end{pmatrix}. \end{aligned} \tag{30} \end{equation}$

Умножив первую строку на {2} , мы получим матрицу коэффициентов, как и в оригинальной статье:

$\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \begin{pmatrix} 1,5 \cdot 2 & -1 \cdot 2 & 0 \\ 1,5 & 1 & -1,5 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 & -2 & 0 \\ 1,5 & 1 & -1,5 \end{pmatrix}. \end{aligned} \tag{31} \end{equation}$

Возвращаясь к дихроматической модели {(26)} , рассмотрим результат проекции нормализованного во времени сигнала:

$\begin{equation} \tilde{C}_n(t) = C_n(t) - 1 = 1 \cdot i(t) + N \cdot u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) + N \cdot u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t), \tag{26} \end{equation}$

$\begin{equation} S(t) = P_{{Chrom}} \cdot U_{{skin}} \cdot \tilde{C}_n(t) \approx P_{{Chrom}} \cdot U_{{skin}} \cdot 1 \cdot i(t) + P_{{Chrom}} \cdot U_{{skin}} \cdot N \cdot u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t). \tag{32} \end{equation}$

Так как проекция является ортогональной относительно зеркального отражения ${(N \cdot u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t))}$ , то ${ P_{{Chrom}} \cdot U_{{skin}} \cdot N \cdot \ u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t)=0}$ , поэтому в {(32)} данный компонент исчезает.

Таким образом, мы получили два сигнала цветности {S(t)} , к которым далее применяется процедура альфа-тюнинга для устранения искажений, вызываемых изменением интенсивности светового потока из-за движений, то есть для устранения компонента ${1 \cdot i(t).}$

1.7. Метод POS

Наконец, мы обсудим State-of-the-art метод POS [5], который, как и CHROM, работает в нормализованном во времени RGB-пространстве, однако выполняет этапы проекции и альфа-тюнинга в обратном порядке.

1) Сначала устраняются искажения, вызываемые изменением интенсивности светового потока из-за движений, с помощью проекции в плоскость, ортогональную относительно направления интенсивности светового потока, то есть в направлении, ортогональном компоненту ${1 \cdot i(t)}$ . Данный компонент соответствует нормализованному оттенку кожи в дихроматической модели {(26)} . Поэтому получающая проекция – это проекция в плоскость, ортогональную нормализованному оттенку кожи. По этой причине метод POS и называется – метод проекции в плоскость, ортогональную оттенку кожи (Plane Orthogonal to Skin). Так как проекция является ортогональной относительно оттенка кожи, то нет необходимости выполнять поправку для источника света другого цвета. По этой причине в методе POS отсутствует этап умножения на стандартизированный вектор цвета кожи ${u_{skin}}$ .

При умножении на проекционную матрицу ${ P_{{POS}}}$ нормализованного во времени сигнала ${\tilde{C}_n(t) }$ получим согласно дихроматической модели {(26)} :

$\begin{equation} \tilde{C}_n(t) = C_n(t) - 1 = 1 \cdot i(t) + N \cdot u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) + N \cdot u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t), \tag{26} \end{equation}$

$\begin{equation} S(t) = P_{{POS}} \cdot \tilde{C}_n(t) \approx P_{{POS}} \cdot N \cdot u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t) + P_{{POS}} \cdot N \cdot u_p \cdot I_0 \cdot p(t). \tag{33} \end{equation}$

Так как проекция является ортогональной относительно интенсивности светового потока (или иначе говоря, нормализованного оттенка кожи) ${1 \cdot i(t)}$ , то ${ P_{POS} \cdot 1 \cdot i(t) = 0}$ . Поэтому данный компонент исчезает в {(33)} . Каким же образом мы можем выбрать проекционную матрицу ${ P_{POS}}$ ? Зависящий от времени компонент {i(t)} — это скаляр, поэтому он может изменить только длину вектора {1} , не влияя на его направление. Поэтому нам достаточно, чтобы ${ P_{POS} \cdot 1 = 0}$ . Нам также необходимо, чтобы оба компонента в ${ P_{POS}}$ — обозначаемые ${ P_{POS,1}}$ и ${ P_{POS,2}}$ — были ортогональны друг другу. Таким образом, необходимо, чтобы выполнялось два следующих условия:

$\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} &\begin{cases} \mathbf{P}_{{POS}} \cdot 1 = 0 \\ \mathbf{P}_{{POS},1} \cdot \mathbf{P}_{{POS},2} = 0 \end{cases} \end{aligned} \tag{34} \end{equation}$

Однако, каким же образом выбрать коэффициенты для проекционной матрицы? Существует много возможных вариантов. Для ответа на данный вопрос сделаем небольшое отступление.

Ранее в определенных стандартных условиях (галогеновая лампа в качестве источника света и камера UI-2220SE‑C для записи видео) было установлено, что в нормализованном во времени RGB‑пространстве вектор пульсового объема имеет стандартные значения [11]: ${u_{PBV}=[0.33, 0.77, 0.53]}$ . Данный вектор может использоваться напрямую для дальнейшего нахождения пульса, что лежит в основе другого алгоритма дистанционной фотоплетизмографии — PBV (Pulse Blood Volume). Такой подход обеспечивает высокую эффективность даже при существенных движениях человека. Однако его точность зависит от соответствия условий, при которых оценивается пульс, тем стандартным условиям, при которых был подсчитан данный вектор. В методе POS авторы использовали знание данного вектора для того, чтобы приблизительно оценить как выбранная проекционная матрица влияет на силу пульсового сигнала (рис. 5).

Рисунок 5. Нормализованные во времени RGB-сигналы проецируются в плоскость, ортогональную вектору (на рисунке – черная сплошная линия в трехмерном пространстве). Данный вектор указывает в направлении изменений интенсивности светового потока и при этом соответствует нормализованному оттенку кожи. В полученной плоскости показано распределение силы пульсового сигнала (красный / синий цвет соответствуют большой / меньшей силе сигнала). В зависимости от выбора проекционной матрицы проекция пульсового сигнала (вектора пульсового объема ) происходит в различные регионы плоскости. На рисунке приведены проекции для трех различных вариантов оси проекционной матрицы: , и . Их точечный продукт с позволяет оценить силу получаемого пульсового сигнала и соответствует , и . Правая часть рисунка показывает получаемый пульсовой сигнал. Очевидно, что проекция в направлении неудачна – полученный сигнал является зашумленным, что подтверждается низким по модулю значением силы пульсового сигнала [5].

Рисунок 5. Нормализованные во времени RGB-сигналы ${R_n(t), G_n(t), B_n(t)}$ проецируются в плоскость, ортогональную вектору {1}

(на рисунке – черная сплошная линия в трехмерном пространстве). Данный вектор указывает в направлении изменений интенсивности светового потока и при этом соответствует нормализованному оттенку кожи. В полученной плоскости показано распределение силы пульсового сигнала (красный / синий цвет соответствуют большой / меньшей силе сигнала). В зависимости от выбора проекционной матрицы проекция пульсового сигнала (вектора пульсового объема ${u_{PBV}=[0.33, 0.77, 0.53]}$ ) происходит в различные регионы плоскости. На рисунке приведены проекции ${ u_{PBV}}$ для трех различных вариантов оси проекционной матрицы: ${z_1=[-2, 1, 1]}$ , ${z_2=[1, -2, 1]}$ и ${z_3=[1, 1, -2]}$ . Их точечный продукт с ${ u_{PBV}}$ позволяет оценить силу получаемого пульсового сигнала и соответствует {−0,64}

. Правая часть рисунка показывает получаемый пульсовой сигнал. Очевидно, что проекция в направлении ${z_3}$ неудачна – полученный сигнал является зашумленным, что подтверждается низким по модулю значением силы пульсового сигнала {(−0.04)}

[5].

Оказалось, что сила получаемого пульсового сигнала зависит от того, в какую область плоскости, ортогональной оттенку кожи, происходит проекция пульсового сигнала. Поэтому проекционная матрица должна создаваться не произвольно, а с учетом указанных ранее физиологических особенностей — коэффициенты для RGB‑каналов берутся в порядке уменьшения пульсовой амплитуды. Напомним, что наибольшая амплитуда у G‑канала, а наименьшая — у R‑канала. Таким образом, авторы выбрали следующую проекционную матрицу

$\begin{equation} \mathbf{P}_{{POS}} = \begin{pmatrix} \mathbf{P}_{{POS},1} \\ \mathbf{P}_{{POS},2} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 & -1 \\ -2 & 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}. \tag{35} \end{equation}$

Мы можем убедиться, что оба условия в {(34)} действительно выполняются:

${P_{POS,1} \cdot 1=[0,1,-1]^T \cdot [1,1,1]=0 \cdot 1+1 \cdot 1-1 \cdot 1=0+1-1=0}$

${P_{POS,2} \cdot 1=[-2,1,1]^T \cdot [1,1,1]=-2 \cdot 1+1 \cdot 1+1 \cdot 1=-2+1+1=0}$

$\begin{equation} P_{POS,1} \cdot P_{POS,2} = [0,1,-1]^T \cdot [-2,1,1]=0 \cdot (-2)+1 \cdot 1-1 \cdot 1=0-1+1=0 \tag{36} \end{equation}$

При умножении на ${P_{POS}}$ полученные компоненты в {S(t)} эквивалентны следующим комбинациям RGB-каналов: ${S_1(t)=G_n-B_n, S_2(t)=-2R_n + G_n +B_n}$ . При этом оба компонента несут положительную пульсовую информацию, поэтому находятся в фазе.

2) Второй, и последний, этап POS — это альфа‑тюнинг для устранения зеркального отражения (напомним, что в методе CHROM альфа‑тюнинг используется для устранения искажений из‑за изменений интенсивности светового потока при движениях). Так как из‑за особенностей проекционной матрицы пульсовые компоненты в ${S_1}$ и ${S_2}$ находятся в фазе, то вместо их вычитания выполняется их сложение:

$\begin{equation} S = S_1 + \alpha S_2, \alpha = \frac{\sigma(S_1)} {\sigma(S_2)} \tag{37} \end{equation}$

Таким образом, когда доминирует пульсовой компонент, то ${S_2}$ и ${S_2}$ находятся в фазе и поэтому их сумма помогает усилить пульсовой сигнал. Если же доминируют находящиеся в противофазе искажения, вызванные зеркальным отражением, то разность их двух сигналов, позволяет устранить данные искажения.

Подводя итог, еще раз подчеркнем сходства и различия методов CHROM и POS в табл. 1. Два этапа — проекция и альфа‑тюнинг — выполняются в обратном порядке в данных методах, что и обуславливает их различия.

Таблица 1. Сравнительный анализ алгоритмов CHROM и POS

CHROM	POS
Временная нормализация для устранения влияния постоянного уровня интенсивности света ${(u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0)}$	Временная нормализация для устранения влияния постоянного уровня интенсивности света ${(u_c \cdot I_0 \cdot c_0)}$
Проекция в направлении стандартизированного вектора цвета кожи под источником белого света	–
Проекция в плоскость, ортогональную зеркальному отражению, – позволяет убрать зеркальное отражение ${(u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t))}$	Проекция в плоскость, ортогональную изменения интенсивности светового потока, –позволяет убрать искажения из-за изменения интенсивности светового потока из-за движений ${(1 \cdot i(t))}$
Альфа-тюнинг для устранения искажений из-за изменения интенсивности светового потока из-за движений ${(1 \cdot i(t))}$	Альфа-тюнинг для устранения зеркального отражения ${(u_s \cdot I_0 \cdot s(t))}$
Пульсовые компоненты находятся в противофазе	Пульсовые компоненты находятся в фазе

1.8. Метод OMIT

В заключение, мы рассмотрим метод OMIT, который был предложен в 2023 г. и основан на трансформации кадров с помощью ортогональной матрицы (Orthogonal Matrix Image Transformation). В данной работе авторы также разработали эффективный алгоритм для выбора области интереса, что позволяют улучшить результаты всех методов дистанционной фотоплетизмографии. Сам же метод OMIT является весьма простым с точки зрения мотивации и исполнения, однако несмотря на это является очень эффективным, в ряде случаев превосходя алгоритм POS.

Метод OMIT основан на разложении матрицы, содержащей средние значения RGB в каждом кадре видео, на ортогональные компоненты с помощью QR‑разложения. Матрица средних значений RGB-каналов в каждом кадре видео имеет форму ${n \times 3}$ , где {n} — число кадров, а {3} — средние значения трех RGB каналов. Данная матрица ${ A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times 3} }$ может быть разложена на две другие матрицы — ${ Q \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times 3} }$ , которая содержит ортонормальный базис, и верхнюю треугольную матрицу ${ R \in \mathbb{R}^{3 \times 3} }$ , которая содержит коэффициенты, позволяющие представить оригинальную матрицу {A} в базисе {Q} . Таким образом,

$\begin{equation} A = Q R \tag{38}. \end{equation}$

Для эффективного разложения авторы используют метод отражений Хаусхолдера. В полученной матрице {Q} есть 3 столбца, которые образуют ортонормальный базис для исходной матрицы {A} . Ортонормальность означает, что векторы являются ортогональными друг другу и при этом их норма равна единице. Первый столбец ${q_1}$ в матрице {Q} показывает направление наиболее сильных изменений (наибольшей дисперсии) в исходном RGB пространстве. Данные изменения связаны в большинстве случаев с изменением цвета кожи при изменении интенсивности освещения из-за движений. Они также могут быть связаны с шумовым сигналом камеры или другими артефактами. Таким образом, означенное направление связано с факторами, которые затрудняют выявление пульсового сигнала. Для устранения влияния данных факторов выполняется проекция в направлении, ортогональном вектору ${q_1}$ .

Проекционная матрица ${P_{OMIT}}$ вычисляется следующим образом:

$\begin{equation} P_{OMIT} = I - q_1 q_2^T \tag{39}, \end{equation}$

где {I} — это единичная матрица размерностью ${n \times n}$ . Далее выполняется проекция исходной RGB-матрицы {A} и получается новая матрица {Y} :

$\begin{equation} Y = P_{OMIT} A \tag{40}. \end{equation}$

В полученной матрице {Y} первый столбец ${y_1}$ соответствует направлению наиболее сильных изменений, вызванных различным шумом, которые были устранены с помощью проекции. Тогда как второй столбец ${y_2}$ содержит искомый пульсовой сигнал после устранения шумового сигнала. Пульсовой сигнал ${(y_1)}$ после этого, как и в других методах, может быть дополнительно отфильтрован.

2. Технические аспекты дистанционной фотоплетизмографии

Описанные в прошлом разделе алгоритмы позволяют выделить пульсовой сигнал. Однако на их эффективность влияет целый ряд факторов, которые мы и обсудим в настоящей части.

2.1. Выбор области интереса

Первый этап при применении любого из алгоритмов дистанционной ФПГ — это выбор области интереса в видеозаписи [7]. Чаще всего для детекции лица используется алгоритм Виолы‑Джонса, который использует функцию Хаара и интегральное изображение для обнаружения и формирования прямоугольной рамки, ограничивающей лицо. Данный алгоритм отличается высокой скоростью, однако при его применении в области интереса остается часть фона. Более того, движения глаз, рта, блики от очков могут существенным образом влиять на подсчет пульса. Поэтому, исходя из стандартных пропорций человеческого лица, можно обрезать область интереса, исключив фон и глаза, и оставим только центральную часть лица или лоб. Более точный метод для детекции лица имплементирован в Mediapipe Face Mesh и позволяет детектировать 468 точек‑ориентиров на лице (рис. 6) [45]. Последние позволяют точным образом выделить лицо, убрав фон, убрать глаза и область рта или же выбрать отдельные участки, например часть лба или щек. Визуализация различных вариантов выбора области интереса приведена на рис. 7.

Рисунок 6. Mediapipe Face Mesh детектирует 468 точек-ориентиров на лице.

Рисунок 7. Сравнение методов выбора области интереса. Исходный кадр (а); прямоугольная рамка, ограничивающая лицо при применении алгоритма Виолы и Джонса (б); выбор центральной области рамки, чтобы убрать фон (в); закрытие области глаз для устранения влияния бликов (г); выделение лица с помощью точек ориентиров с помощью алгоритма Mediapipe Face Mesh (д); закрытие области глаз и рта с помощью точек ориентиров (е). Здесь и далее кадры взяты из датасета UBFC-rPPG для участников, которые подписали согласие на использование своих данных в статьях [37].

Выбор всего лица в качестве области интереса обеспечивает более стабильную оценку пульсового сигнала — за счет большей площади устраняется влияние шума в отдельных регионах. Однако при этом различные артефакты (очки, борода, усы и т. д.) могут затруднять точную оценку пульса. Более того, нужно отметить, что отдельные регионы лица отличаются друг от друга по интенсивности кровоснабжения и толщине эпидермиса, что напрямую влияет на процесс светоотражения. В связи с этим в литературе весьма популярен выбор лишь отдельных участков на лице. Сравнительный анализ показал, что наиболее перспективными являются области щек и лба, и именно данные регионы достаточно часто используются в качестве областей интереса в различных исследованиях [20].

Для выбора области интереса также возможно применение нейронных сетей, которые сегментируют изображение на отдельные части — фон, кожу, глаза, волосы и т. д. Так, в библиотеке pyVHR [31] используется модель для билатеральной сегментации BiSeNet [32] на основе ResNet18. Однако в ходе наших экспериментов при ее использовании качество сегментации оказалось низким. Более сложная модель SegFormer на основе архитектуры трансформера показала лучшие результаты [33]. Но обработка видео даже с использованием графического процессора в таком случае оказывается весьма медленной. Более того, модель оказалась неспособной убирать мелкие элементы, например бороду или усы, поэтому мы отказались от ее использования. Сравнение сегментации с помощью BiSeNet и SegFormer приведено на рис. 8.

Рисунок 8. Сегментация с помощью нейронных сетей. Исходный кадр (а). Сегментационная маска при использовании BiSeNet (б). Модель выделила фон, волосы, лицо, но оказалась неспособной на сегментацию очков и черт лица. Сегментационная маска при использовании SegFormer имеет значительно лучшее качество (в). Однако при ее применении к исходному кадру все еще сохранились борода и усы, что будет затруднять оценку пульсового сигнала (г).

Значительно более простым, но при этом более эффективным оказался подход на основе адаптивной оценки цвета кожи [34]. На первом этапе происходит выбор области лица, например с помощью алгоритма Виолы и Джонса, что позволяет убрать большое количество пикселей фона, оставив преимущественно пиксели кожи. Далее полученное изображение конвертируется в цветовое пространство HSV. В одном из каналов, происходит разбиение частоты пикселей различных цветов по гистограммам. Так как благодаря выбору области интереса большая часть пикселей фона была убрана, то доминирующим является цвет пикселей кожи, что и позволяет выбрать гистограмму с наибольшим числом пикселей ${hist_{max}}$ . После этого на основе эмпирически подобранного коэффициента ${\alpha}$ выбирается диапазон вокруг данной гистограммы с помощью следующей формулы:

${hist_{max} \pm (\alpha \cdot \frac { hist_{max} }{2})}$

Пиксели, имеющие цвет за пределами данного диапазона, не являются пикселями кожи и поэтому закрашиваются черным цветом. Данный подход отличается вычислительной простотой и позволяет эффективно убрать различные артефакты, затрудняющие оценку пульсового сигнала, — очки, волосы, бороду и усы. Результаты применения данного алгоритма приведены на рис. 9.

Рисунок 9 [34]. Применение метода гистограмм к различным каналам HSV пространства при различных значениях коэффициента ${\alpha}$ .

В ряде работ вместо выбора фиксированных регионов предлагается их динамическая оценка. Так, в [35] авторы предложили отслеживать 7 регионов, разделить каждый из них на небольшие квадраты, для каждого из полученных квадратов посчитать качество сигнала и затем найти пульсовой сигнал как среднее взвешенное всех сигналов, где вес выше у сигналов с лучшим качеством (рис. 10).

Рисунок 10 [35]. Отслеживание 7 регионов (а), их разделение на квадраты (б) и подсчет качества сигнала в каждом из квадратов (в).

Схожий подход был предложен и в [36], однако вместо отслеживания отдельных регионов выполнялось отслеживание всего лица. После оценки отношения сигнала к шуму для каждого из квадратов, выбирались лучшие из них и на их основе подсчитывался пульсовой сигнал (рис. 11).

Рисунок 11 [36]. Разделение кадров области интереса на квадраты (a), подсчет качества сигнала в каждом из квадратов (б) и выбор квадратов с наилучшим качеством.

В [37-38] авторы предложили использовать не фиксированное разбиение на квадраты, а на разделение на суперпиксели, отслеживаемые во времени, — темпоральные суперпиксели. Как и в других работах выбор оптимальных регионов выполнялся с помощью отношения сигнала к шуму (рис. 12).

Рисунок 12 [37]. Разделение кадров (а) на темпоральные суперпиксели (б) и оценка качества сигнала в каждом из квадратов них (в).

Авторы алгоритма OMIT предложили детальный подход для выбора области интереса, который позволил значительно улучшить эффективность всех алгоритмов дистанционной фотоплетизмографии [21]. На первом этапе определяется 85 точек‑ориентиров на лице. Они соединяются между собой, разделяя лицо на треугольники, которые затем проецируются в фиксированные координаты, соответствующие лицу человека во фронтальной проекции (рис. 13). Каждый кадр видео проецируется в данные фиксированные координаты, что позволяет измерять пульсовой сигнал в одних и тех же участках лица.

Рисунок 13 [21]. Определение точек ориентиров на лице (а), триангуляция по данным точкам (б) и проекция полученных треугольников в фиксированные координаты (в).

После проекции в фиксированные координаты производится разделение изображения на сравнительно крупные квадраты, в каждом из которых оценивается качество сигнала. Оценка пульса выполняется на основе квадратов с наилучшим сигналом (рис. 14).

Рисунок 14 [21]. В зависимости от положения лица в кадре и качества освещения выбирается 32 квадрата (сверху) или 20 квадратов (снизу).

Для оценки качества сигнала в каждом из регионов применяется следующий подход:

1) Проводится оценка дисперсии и исключаются регионы с нулевой дисперсией, как не несущие полезной информации.

2) Подсчитывается фрактальная размерность Катца — показатель, который оценивает степень иррегулярности сигнала и остроты пиков и характеризует насколько комплексным является характер сигнала. Далее находят отношение фрактальной размерности сигнала в одном регионе к фрактальной размерности глобального сигнала, полученного со всего лица, и выбираются регионы со значением >0,85 — это позволяет учитывать только те регионы, в которых сигнал имеют сопоставимые характеристики с глобальным сигналом. Таким образом, убираются регионы, несущие преимущественно шумовой сигнал.

3) Выполняется анализ детрендированных флуктуаций, который помогает оценить корреляцию между двумя нестационарными временными рядами. Данный метод позволяет проанализировать корреляцию между сигналом в отдельном регионе и глобальным регионом с помощью ‑экспоненты. Если ${\alpha=0,5}$ , то между временными рядами нет корреляции, если ${0,5< \alpha<1}$ — корреляция положительная, а если ${0< \alpha <0,5}$ , то корреляция отрицательная. Для дальнейшего анализы выбираются только регионы с положительной корреляцией.

После выбора регионов согласно означенным критериям, пульсовые сигналы из них суммируются во временном домене, позволяя получить итоговый пульсовой сигнал.

Наконец, в [22] авторы предложили оригинальный подход, основанный не на определении наилучших областей интереса, а на выборе оптимальных сигналов. Для этого они предложили отслеживать множество небольших регионов, определить в каждом из них пульсовой сигнал, а затем выполнить их спектральную кластеризацию, получив две группы. Сигналы с хорошим качеством имеют приблизительно одинаковый спектр и попадают в один кластер, тогда как сигналы с плохим качеством имеют большую внтуригрупповую (отличаются между собой) и межгрупповую (отличаются от сигналов в хорошем кластере) дисперсию. Итоговый пульсовой сигнал определяется на основе данных из хорошего кластера.

2.2. Применение фильтров

Одним из ключевых этапов является фильтрация полученного сигнала для устранения шума. При этом возможна как фильтрация RGB‑сигнала, так и полученного после применения одного из алгоритмов пульсового сигнала. Последний подход является более распространённым. Прежде всего используются классические фильтры для выбора частот в определенном диапазоне, соответствующем возможной частоте сердечных сокращений — от 40 до 240 ударов в минуту (0,75–3 Гц), а частоты ниже и выше данного диапазона исключаются. Чаще всего применяют фильтр Баттерворта, в отдельных работах — фильтра Чебышева 1 или 2 типа, фильтр Савицкого‑Голея, эллиптический фильтр, вейвлет‑фильтр и др., а также скользящий средний фильтр [9]. Сравнительный анализ указанных фильтров показал, что наиболее оптимальным является фильтр Чебышева 2 типа [9]. Для ЭКГ был предложен фильтр для устранения тренда [10], и он находит свое применение и в области дистанционной ФПГ. Результаты применения отдельных фильтров приведены на рис. 15.

Рисунок 15. Исходный пульсовой сигнал, полученный с помощью метода POS (a). Применение среднего скользящего фильтра для сглаживания сигнала (б). Применение фильтра для устранения тренда (в). Применение фильтра Чебышева 2 типа для сохранения частот в диапазоне 0,7-3 Гц (г).

Был также разработан ряд специальных фильтров, например, фильтр для выбора амплитуды [16]. Последний основан на том факте, относительная пульсовая амплитуда варьируется в определенном диапазоне, который может быть представлен как функция, зависимая от RGB‑каналов. В дальнейшем авторы предложили фильтр для фильтрации частот на основе искажений цветового сигнала [17], основанный на том факте, что пульсовой компонент и компоненты, связанные с изменением интенсивности и зеркальным отражением, имеют разные спектры отражения.

Наконец, существует ряд работ по применению методов машинного и глубокого обучения для фильтрации сигналов, например — использование метода опорных векторов [19] или нейронной сети долгой краткосрочной памяти для восстановления формы полученного пульсового сигнала [18].

Несмотря на большое число предложенных методов, сравнительно мало исследований посвящено сравнению эффективности различных фильтров и их комбинаций. В настоящей работе мы оценили эффективность ряда наиболее распространенных фильтров и их комбинаций для различных методов ФПГ.

2.3. Подсчет частоты сердечных сокращений

После получения пульсового сигнала проводят подсчет частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) [7]. Наиболее распространенным является подход на основе спектрального анализа. Полученный сигнал конвертируется в частотный спектр с помощью быстрого преобразования Фурье или дискретного косинусного преобразования. Распределение спектральной плотности мощности (пример приведен на рис. 16) оценивается как функция частоты с помощью метода Велча в диапазоне от 0,7 до 3 Гц, что соответствует ЧСС от 40 до 180 ударов в минуту. Используемый диапазон в отдельных работах может немного различаться, например от 0,75 до 2,5 Гц (45 — 150 ударов в минуту). Частота с наибольшей мощностью {f} выбирается как соответствующая пульсовому сигналу и используется для подсчета ЧСС: ${ЧСС = 60 \cdot f}$ . Менее распространенным является поход на основе детекции пиков, соответствующих сокращениям сердца в полученном сигнале, и их подсчете.

Рисунок 16. Распределение спектральной плотности мощности для полученного пульсового сигнала (график голубого и оранжевого цвета). Отчетливо видны три доминантные частоты, соответствующие приблизительно 15, 75 и 600 ударам в минуту. После фильтрации частот в диапазоне от 0,75 до 2,5 Гц (от 45 до 150 ударов в минуту) остается только часть спектра (оранжевого цвета, ограничена вертикальными красными линиями), в которой наблюдается только одна доминантная частота, соответствующая 75 ударам в минуту.

2.4. Оценка результатов

Наиболее показательной метрикой является средняя абсолютная ошибка (MAE), показывающая абсолютную разницу между истинной ЧСС, определенной на основе ЭКГ или контактной ФПГ, и ЧСС по данной дистанционной ФПГ, усредненной по числу оцениваемых примеров: ${MAE = 1/N \cdot (|True HR - Estimated HR|)}$ . Во многих работах также применяется отношение сигнала к шуму для оценки информативности получаемого сигнала. Однако данная метрика, хотя и удобна для технического сравнения методов, не позволяет получить представление об их практической эффективности при оценке ЧСС. По этой причине мы сосредоточимся на использовании MAE.

Ключевым вопросом является методика оценки результатов. В одних работах для подсчета ЧСС используется все видео, а в других — видео разделяется на сегменты определенной длины, например по 5 или 10 секунд, и ЧСС определяется отдельно для каждого из сегментов, после чего метрика усредняется по всем сегментам. Более того, сегменты могут не пересекаться (например, 20-секундное видео можно разделить на 2 сегмента по 10 секунд), а могут идти с наложением (например с шагом в 1 секунду — в этом случае получится 11 сегментов). К сожалению, во многих работах авторы не указывают детали, что затрудняет возможность сравнения результатов [8]. Размер временного окна существенным образом влияет не только на оценку ЧСС с помощью дистанционной ФПГ, но и на истинную ЧСС, определяемую на основе ЭКГ или контактной ФПГ. Поэтому во всех случаях рекомендуется явно указывать данные параметры [15].

2.5. Альтернативные цветовые пространства

Для дистанционной ФПГ чаще всего используется RGB‑сигнал. Однако в ряде работ исследовались перспективы других цветовых пространств. Примеры трансформаций приведены на рис. 17. При сравнении 7 цветовых пространств — RGB, HSL, HSV, HIS, XYZ, YUV оказалось, что наиболее информативными были каналы Hue в HSL/HSV/HIS, Y в XYZ, U в YUV и G в RGB [23]. В другой работе при сравнении RGB, HSI, CIE Lab, YCrCb наиболее информативной оказалась комбинация Cr и Cb каналов в YCrCb [24]. Авторы также предложили модифицировать алгоритм POS, используя вместо комбинаций RGB сигналов, предложенных в оригинальной работе, Cr и Cb каналы. Трансформация из RGB в YCrCb пространство происходит следующим образом [25]:

$\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \begin{pmatrix} Y \\ Cr \\ Cb \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 0.299 & 0.587 & 0.114 \\ -0.168 & -0.331 & 0.499 \\ 0.499 & -0.418 & -0.081 \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} R \\ G \\ B \end{pmatrix} \end{aligned} \end{equation}$

Поэтому в модифицированном POS оригинальная проекционная матрица была заменена на следующую:

${P = \begin{pmatrix} -0.168 & -0.331 & 0.499 \\ 0.499 & -0.418 & -0.081 \end{pmatrix} }$

Авторы отметили, что это повысило отношение сигнала к шуму в получаемом пульсовом сигнале, однако в ходе наших экспериментов абсолютная ошибка при использовании такого подхода оказалась большей по сравнению с оригинальным методом POS. В других работах было также отмечено преимущество использования HSI и YCrCb [26] и CIE Lab [27, 28] пространств по сравнению с RGB. Однако результаты являются противоречивыми. При непосредственном сравнении различных цветовых пространств наименьшая ошибка наблюдалась именно в RGB‑пространстве, тогда как использование HSI или YCrCb значительно ухудшало результаты [29]. В наших экспериментах цветовая трансформация в CIE Lab привела к некоторому улучшению результатов в датасете UBFC‑rPPG, однако для других датасетов это привело к увеличению ошибок.

Рисунок 17. Изображение в различных цветовых пространствах. Верхний ряд – RGB, CIE Lab, YCrCb. Нижний ряд – XYZ, HLS, HSV.

3. Экспериментальная часть и ее результаты

Настоящая работа была посвящена сравнению эффективности различных методов выбора области интереса и применения фильтров и их комбинаций для дистанционной фотоплетизмографии. Для анализа использовалось 3 датасета — UBFC‑rPPG (40 видео) [37], MCD‑rPPG (были выбраны 40 видео) и MMPD (было выбрано по одному видео для каждого из 33 участников) [43]. Каждое видео разделялось на непересекающиеся сегменты по 10 секунд, истинное значение ЧСС определялось на основе соответствующего сегмента контактной фотоплетизмограммы в датасете. Для подсчета ЧСС применялся спектральный анализ, а в качестве метрики использовалась средняя абсолютная ошибка.

Для выбора области интереса применялось несколько ранее описанных вариантов:

1) использование алгоритма Виолы и Джонса для получения области, содержащей лицо, и ее последующая обрезка для устранения краев, содержащих фон, а также закрытие области глаз для устранения влияния бликов;

2) использование Mediapipe Face Mesh для выбора всего лица за исключением глаз и рта;

3) использование Mediapipe Face Mesh для выбора области щек и лба;

4) использование алгоритма Виолы и Джонса для получения области, содержащей лицо, и применение адаптивной оценки цвета кожи с помощью гистограмм.

Третий вариант оказался наиболее эффективным. Сочетание третьего и четвертого вариантов, хотя и способствовало лучшей сегментации кадров, позволяя оставить только пиксели кожи, привело к незначительному ухудшению результатов.

Далее было проведено сравнение эффективности фильтра для устранения тренда, фильтра Баттерворта, фильтра Чебышева 2 типа и скользящего среднего фильтра [9] по отдельности, а также в комбинациях. Так как фильтры Баттерворта и Чебышева имеют схожую функцию, то их совместное применение не оценивалось. Таким образом было получено 12 возможных комбинаций фильтров, которые применялись совместно с алгоритмами GREEN, CHROM, POS, PBV, LGI и OMIT.

Использование оптимальной комбинации фильтров способно существенным образом улучшить эффективность дистанционной фотоплетизмографии. Лучшие результаты для каждого из алгоритмов, а также результаты без использования каких‑либо фильтров приведены в табл. 2. Отметим, что в датасете MMPD результаты значительно хуже из‑за сильного сжатия видео, что ведет к потере информации, затрудняя таким образом процесс извлечения пульсового сигнала.

Почти во всех случаях оптимальной комбинацией оказалось применение фильтра для устранения тренда и фильтра Чебышева 2 типа. Хотя данные фильтры давно известны, и фильтр Чебышева в сравнении с рядом других фильтров был показан как оптимальный [9], настоящий анализ показал, что они представляют собой оптимальную комбинацию.

Наиболее эффективным оказался метод POS, поэтому, чтобы детальнее показать влияние отдельных фильтров и их комбинаций приведем все результаты для данного метода в табл. 3. При этом ключевую роль играют частотные фильтры — их отсутствие (строки №9-12) сопровождается наихудшими результатами. Подтверждая данные литературы, отметим, что фильтр Чебышева 2-го (строки №1-4) типа эффективнее, чем более часто используемый фильтр Баттерворта (строки №5-8). Добавление фильтра для устранения тренда почти всегда ведет к улучшению результатов, тогда как скользящий средний фильтр в одних случаях показывает положительный, а в других случаях отрицательный эффект (например, при сравнении строк №1 и №3, №9 и №10, №11 и №12).

Для иллюстрации эффективности предложенной комбинации фильтров мы также приведем результаты из библиотеки rPPG‑Toolbox для дистанционной фотоплетизмографии [42]. В табл. 4 показано, что предложенная комбинация фильтров позволяет существенным образом улучшить результаты для всех алгоритмов дистанционной фотоплетизмографии.

Помимо алгоритмов дистанционной фотоплетизмографии, основанных на классических методах обработки сигналов, существуют также решения на основе глубокого обучения. Применение нейронных сетей для анализа видео позволяет добиться значительно более высокой точности. Однако серьезной проблемой является нестабильность получаемых результатов — модель, обученная на одном датасете может показывать существенно худшие метрики при тестировании на других наборах данных (сравнение результатов приведено в библиотеке rPPG‑Toolbox [42]). Ключевая причина — это, вероятно, небольшой размер датасетов для дистанционной фотоплетизмографии, что способствует сильному переобучению. Хотя в дальнейшем модели глубокого обучения могут оказаться более перспективными, в настоящий момент классические методы обработки сигналов благодаря своей устойчивости представляются более предпочтительными.

В заключение, отметим, что дистанционная фотоплетизмография — это активно развивающееся направление, которое имеет большие перспективы для использования в телемедицине, бесконтактном мониторинге жизненно важных показателей и в качестве скринингового метода диагностики благодаря простоте и удобству применения в сочетании с высокой точностью. Предложенная в настоящей работе комбинация фильтров, отличаясь простотой, может существенным образом улучшить работу алгоритмов извлечения пульсового сигнала и, таким образом, рекомендована для широкого применения с целью повышения эффективности методик дистанционной фотоплетизмографии.

Библиографический список

1. Ontiveros, Rodrigo Castellano, et al. “Evaluating RGB Channels in Remote Photoplethysmography: A Comparative Study with Contact-Based PPG.” Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 14, 22 Dec. 2023, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1296277

2. Волков Иван Юрьевич, Сагайдачный Андрей Александрович, Фомин Андрей Владимирович ФОТОПЛЕТИЗМОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ГЕМОДИНАМИКИ И ДВУХМЕРНАЯ ОКСИМЕТРИЯ // Изв. Сарат. ун-та Нов. сер. Сер. Физика. 2022. №1. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/fotopletizmograficheskaya-vizualizatsiya-gemodinamiki-i-dvuhmernaya-oksimetriya.

3. Verkruysse, W., Svaasand, L. O., & Nelson, J. S. (2008). Remote plethysmographic imaging using ambient light. Optics express, 16(26), 21434–21445. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.021434

4. M. Hulsbusch, “An image-based functional method for opto-electronic ¨ detection of skin perfusion,” Ph.D. dissertation (in German), Dept. Elect. Eng., RWTH Aachen Univ., Aachen, Germany, 2008.

5. Wang, Wenjin, et al. “Algorithmic Principles of Remote PPG.” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 64, no. 7, July 2017, pp. 1479–1491, https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2016.2609282.

6. Haugg, Fridolin, et al. “GRGB RPPG: An Efficient Low-Complexity Remote Photoplethysmography-Based Algorithm for Heart Rate Estimation.” Bioengineering, vol. 10, no. 2, 12 Feb. 2023, p. 243, https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020243.

7. Ru Jing Lee, et al. “Review on Remote Heart Rate Measurements Using Photoplethysmography.” Multimedia Tools and Applications, 19 Oct. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16794-9.

8. Liu, Yiming, et al. A Modified POS-Based RPPG with Real-Time Deep Facial ROI Tracker and Pose Constrained Kalman Filter. 2 Feb. 2021, pp. 169–179, https://doi.org/10.1145/3456529.3456558.

9. Guler, Saygun, et al. “Optimal Digital Filter Selection for Remote Photoplethysmography (RPPG) Signal Conditioning.” Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, vol. 9, no. 2, 11 Jan. 2023, pp. 027001–027001, https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/acaf8a.

10. Tarvainen, M.P., et al. “An Advanced Detrending Method with Application to HRV Analysis.” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 49, no. 2, 2002, pp. 172–175, https://doi.org/10.1109/10.979357.

11. de Haan, G, and A van Leest. “Improved Motion Robustness of Remote-PPG by Using the Blood Volume Pulse Signature.” Physiological Measurement, vol. 35, no. 9, 27 Aug. 2014, pp. 1913–1926, https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/35/9/1913.

12. de Haan, Gerard, and Vincent Jeanne. “Robust Pulse Rate from Chrominance-Based RPPG.” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 60, no. 10, 1 Oct. 2013, pp. 2878–2886, ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6523142, https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2013.2266196.

13. M. Lewandowska, J. Rumiński, T. Kocejko and J. Nowak, "Measuring pulse rate with a webcam — A non-contact method for evaluating cardiac activity," 2011 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), Szczecin, Poland, 2011, pp. 405-410.

14. Poh, Ming-Zher, et al. “Non-Contact, Automated Cardiac Pulse Measurements Using Video Imaging and Blind Source Separation.” Optics Express, vol. 18, no. 10, 7 May 2010, p. 10762, https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.010762.

15. Yuriy Mironenko, et al. “Remote Photoplethysmography: Rarely Considered Factors.” ArXiv (Cornell University), 1 June 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw50498.2020.00156.

16. Wang, W., den Brinker, A. C., Stuijk, S., & de Haan, G. (2017). Amplitude-selective filtering for remote-PPG. Biomedical optics express, 8(3), 1965–1980. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.8.001965

17. Wang, Wenjin, et al. Color-Distortion Filtering for Remote Photoplethysmography. 1 May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2017.18 .

18. D. Botina-Monsalve, et al. “Long Short-Term Memory Deep-Filter in Remote Photoplethysmography.” 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), 1 June 2020, pp. 1242–1249, https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw50498.2020.00161.

19. Lee, Jukyung, et al. “Improved Remote Photoplethysmography Using Machine Learning-Based Filter Bank.” Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 23, 28 Nov. 2024, p. 11107, https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311107.

20. Kim, Dae-Yeol, et al. “Assessment of ROI Selection for Facial Video-Based RPPG.” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 23, 27 Nov. 2021, p. 7923, https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237923.

21. Casado, Constantino Álvarez, and Miguel Bordallo López. “Face2PPG: An Unsupervised Pipeline for Blood Volume Pulse Extraction from Faces.” ArXiv (Cornell University), 1 Jan. 2022, https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.04101.

22. Boccignone, Giuseppe, et al. “Enhancing RPPG Pulse-Signal Recovery by Facial Sampling and PSD Clustering.” Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, vol. 101, Mar. 2025, p. 107158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2024.107158.

23. Tsouri, G. R., & Li, Z. (2015). On the benefits of alternative color spaces for noncontact heart rate measurements using standard red-green-blue cameras. Journal of biomedical optics, 20(4), 048002. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.20.4.048002

24. Ryu, J., Hong, S., Liang, S., Pak, S., Chen, Q., & Yan, S. (2021). Research on the combination of color channels in heart rate measurement based on photoplethysmography imaging. Journal of biomedical optics, 26(2), 025003. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.26.2.025003

25. Ryu, J., Hong, S., Liang, S., Pak, S., Chen, Q., & Yan, S. (2021). A measurement of illumination variation-resistant noncontact heart rate based on the combination of singular spectrum analysis and sub-band method. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 200, 105824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105824

26. Sheng, Yi, et al. “An Improved Approach to the Performance of Remote Photoplethysmography.” Computers, Materials & Continua, vol. 73, no. 2, 2022, pp. 2773–2783, https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.027985 . Accessed 21 June 2022.

27. Yang, Y., Liu, C., Yu, H., Shao, D., Tsow, F., & Tao, N. (2016). Motion robust remote photoplethysmography in CIELab color space. Journal of biomedical optics, 21(11), 117001. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.21.11.117001.

28. Zhang, Yuzhong, et al. “Illumination Variation-Resistant Video-Based Heart Rate Monitoring Using LAB Color Space.” Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol. 136, Jan. 2021, p. 106328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106328.

29. Zhang, Chi, et al. “Comparative Study on the Effect of Color Spaces and Color Formats on Heart Rate Measurement Using the Imaging Photoplethysmography (IPPG) Method.” Technology and Health Care, vol. 30, 25 Feb. 2022, pp. 391–402, https://doi.org/10.3233/thc-thc228036.

30. Haugg, Fridolin, et al. “Effectiveness of Remote PPG Construction Methods: A Preliminary Analysis.” Bioengineering, vol. 9, no. 10, 20 Sept. 2022, p. 485, https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100485.

31. Giuseppe Boccignone, Donatello Conte, Vittorio Cuculo, Alessandro D’Amelio, Giuliano Grossi, Raffaella Lanzarotti, and Edoardo Mortara. pyvhr: a python framework for remote photoplethysmography. PeerJ Computer Science, 8:e929, 2022.

32. Yu, Changqian, et al. BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation. 8 Sept. 2018, pp. 334–349, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01261-8_20.

33. Xie, Enze, et al. “SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformers.” ArXiv (Cornell University), 6 Dec. 2021, https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2105.15203.

34. Lee, H., Ko, H., Chung, H. et al. Real-time realizable mobile imaging photoplethysmography. Sci Rep 12, 7141 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11265-x

35. Kumar, M., Veeraraghavan, A., & Sabharwal, A. (2015). DistancePPG: Robust non-contact vital signs monitoring using a camera. Biomedical optics express, 6(5), 1565–1588. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.6.001565

36. Po, LM., Feng, L., Li, Y. et al. Block-based adaptive ROI for remote photoplethysmography. Multimed Tools Appl 77, 6503–6529 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4563-7

37. Bobbia, Serge, et al. “Unsupervised Skin Tissue Segmentation for Remote Photoplethysmography.” Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 124, June 2019, pp. 82–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2017.10.017.

38. Serge Bobbia, et al. “Real-Time Temporal Superpixels for Unsupervised Remote Photoplethysmography.” 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), 1 June 2018, pp. 1422–14227, https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2018.00182.

39. Almarshad, M. A., Islam, M. S., Al-Ahmadi, S., & BaHammam, A. S. (2022). Diagnostic Features and Potential Applications of PPG Signal in Healthcare: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 10(3), 547. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030547

40. Park, J., Seok, H. S., Kim, S. S., & Shin, H. (2022). Photoplethysmogram Analysis and Applications: An Integrative Review. Frontiers in physiology, 12, 808451. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.808451

41. Гаранин А.А., Рогова В.С., Иванчина П.С., Толкачева Е.О. Веб-фотоплетизмография: возможности и перспективы. Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2023;22(4):11-16. https://doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2023-22-4-11-16

42. Xin Liu, Girish Narayanswamy, Akshay Paruchuri, Xiaoyu Zhang, Jiankai Tang, Yuzhe Zhang, Roni Sengupta, Shwetak Patel, Yuntao Wang, and Daniel McDuff. 2023. RPPG-toolbox: deep remote PPG toolbox. In Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS '23). Curran Associates Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, Article 2995, 68485–68510.

43. Jiankai Tang, Kequan Chen, Yuntao Wang, Yuanchun Shi, Shwetak Patel, Daniel McDuff, and Xin Liu. Mmpd: Multi-domain mobile video physiology dataset, 2023.

44. MCD-rPPG: на одной волне с телемедициной. https://habr.com/ru/articles/821015/

45. MediaPipe Face Mesh. https://github.com/google-ai-edge/mediapipe/wiki/MediaPipe-Face-Mesh

Источник

Теги

Категория

Новости

Дата

30 мар. 2025 г.

08.08.25 11:10 elizabethrush89

God bless Capital Crypto Recover Services for the marvelous work you did in my life, I have learned the hard way that even the most sensible investors can fall victim to scams. When my USD was stolen, for anyone who has fallen victim to one of the bitcoin binary investment scams that are currently ongoing, I felt betrayal and upset. But then I was reading a post on site when I saw a testimony of Wendy Taylor online who recommended that Capital Crypto Recovery has helped her recover scammed funds within 24 hours. after reaching out to this cyber security firm that was able to help me recover my stolen digital assets and bitcoin. I’m genuinely blown away by their amazing service and professionalism. I never imagined I’d be able to get my money back until I complained to Capital Crypto Recovery Services about my difficulties and gave all of the necessary paperwork. I was astounded that it took them 12 hours to reclaim my stolen money back. Without a doubt, my USDT assets were successfully recovered from the scam platform, Thank you so much Sir, I strongly recommend Capital Crypto Recover for any of your bitcoin recovery, digital funds recovery, hacking, and cybersecurity concerns. You reach them Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 His Email: [email protected] Contact Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Via Contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
08.08.25 13:38 Annette_Phillips

A few months ago, I fell for what I thought was a legitimate staking platform. It looked so professional, had fake reviews, and everything seemed real. I transferred a significant amount of ETH into it, only to find out later that it was a complete scam. The site vanished, support stopped replying, and the wallet address I sent my funds to started moving the crypto across multiple chains. I felt completely helpless. I spent days blaming myself and trying to accept the loss, but part of me wasn’t ready to give up. That’s when someone recommended Asset-Resolute. I didn’t expect much, but I reached out and explained everything. To my surprise, they actually listened and started investigating right away. They traced my stolen funds through several wallets and gave me a full report of where it had moved. I honestly didn’t understand most of the technical details, but they broke it down clearly and kept me updated throughout the process. After some coordination and effort, they managed to recover a portion of my crypto. I never thought I’d see anything again, so getting anything back felt like a miracle. I just wanted to share this in case someone else out there is feeling the same panic and regret I felt. It’s not always the end. Reach out to Asset-Resolute at [email protected]. They gave me hope when I had none left.
08.08.25 14:40 traviscluster

The shock of losing a significant amount of cryptocurrency was immense. It felt like hitting rock bottom. Every avenue I explored to recover my funds proved fruitless. I was sinking deeper into despair, convinced my money was gone forever. Then, a beacon of hope appeared in the form of Sylvester Bryant. His intervention was a complete turning point. Sylvester’s expertise was truly remarkable. He managed to recover a substantial sum of over $780,000 in USDT. This alone was a life-changing achievement. But his assistance didn't stop there. He went above and beyond, actively helping me to reclaim even more of my lost assets. Throughout the entire intricate process, he maintained constant communication. He ensured I was fully informed at every stage. The entire operation was conducted with the utmost transparency and integrity. There were no hidden fees or deceptive practices. My funds were returned directly to my crypto wallet. The transaction was smooth and completely problem-free. I can honestly say Sylvester Bryant is the most trustworthy recovery agent I have ever encountered. I strongly advise anyone in a similar predicament to reach out to him immediately. You can connect with Sylvester via email at yt7cracker@gmail. com. Alternatively, you can contact him on WhatsApp at +1 (512) 577-7957. Do not allow yourself to succumb to despair. Sylvester possesses the skill and dedication to retrieve your stolen funds. He can make a difference for you, just as he did for me. Your financial recovery is possible. Sylvester Bryant is the key to getting your money back.
08.08.25 16:16 briannawright679

Jasmine Lopez, renowned for her expertise in recovering stolen cryptocurrency, especially specializing in USDT, provided invaluable assistance in a scenario where a significant sum of $571,000 was taken from me. I had the privilege of witnessing her exceptional skills firsthand and I am truly thankful for her prompt efforts, which led to the successful recovery of the entire amount in just a span of 72 hours. Miss Lopez's swift reactions and efficient tactics not only resolved my financial troubles but also alleviated much of the stress on my mental well-being. You can reach out to her immediately and get connected with email at [email protected] also can be contacted on WhatsApp at +44 (736) 644- 5035, She is an expert in the field most especially in recovering lost digital assets.
08.08.25 18:16 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
08.08.25 18:16 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
08.08.25 22:01 abeggnatalie

Throughout the ordeal, we were provided with frequent updates and full transparency. In just 10 days, TECHY FORCE CYBER RETRIEVAL successfully retrieved $191000 of the lost funds. Beyond the monetary recovery, they provided us with a comprehensive post-incident report, enabling us to strengthen our cybersecurity protocols and conduct risk training for partner organizations. Their work was nothing short of extraordinary. TECHY FORCE CYBER RETRIEVAL did not just restore stolen assets; they restored our operational integrity, capacity, and sense of direction. WhatsApp (+156 172 636 97) Mail (support (At) techy forcecy berretrieval (Dot)com) Telegram (At) Techcyberforc
08.08.25 22:02 abeggnatalie

As the finance director of a humanitarian NGO, I have always exercised extreme diligence in how we handle our funding. So when I received an email from what appeared to be a prestigious global crypto foundation offering $500000 in matching grants for blockchain-based aid initiatives, I took notice. The proposal seemed credible, complete with polished branding, legal agreements, and referenced success stories. The only stipulation was an activation requirement: we had to transfer $250000 in USDT to initiate the grant process. After extensive internal consultation and document verification, we proceeded. The promise of doubling our operational funding could significantly amplify our outreach programs in conflict-affected regions. Then everything went silent. Follow-up emails were ignored, the contact number was disconnected, and within days, the foundation’s website vanished. The realization hit us hard; we had been defrauded. The emotional and reputational toll was immense. I felt personally culpable for having signed off on such a monumental error. It jeopardized not only our funding but also trust among our stakeholders. We turned to TECHY FORCE CYBER RETRIEVAL. Their response was immediate and professional. Within hours, we were assigned a dedicated case analyst. Their team operated with surgical precision. We learned we weren’t the only victims. This was a coordinated scam ring targeting nonprofits using highly customized and persuasive tactics. TECHY FORCE CYBER RETRIEVAL’s digital forensics experts tracked the stolen USDT through a labyrinth of six wallet addresses across various jurisdictions. Using advanced blockchain analytics, real-time monitoring software, and legal liaisons, they mapped the laundering trail with remarkable accuracy. They also coordinated directly with international regulators and the legal department of the real crypto foundation, which was alarmed to discover its identity had been fraudulently used. The recovery effort was rigorous and multifaceted, involving compliance teams at multiple exchanges, forensic IP tracing, and the audit of smart contracts linked to fraudulent addresses. Throughout the ordeal, we were provided with frequent updates and full transparency. In just 10 days, TECHY FORCE CYBER RETRIEVAL successfully retrieved $191000 of the lost funds. Beyond the monetary recovery, they provided us with a comprehensive post-incident report, enabling us to strengthen our cybersecurity protocols and conduct risk training for partner organizations. Their work was nothing short of extraordinary. TECHY FORCE CYBER RETRIEVAL did not just restore stolen assets; they restored our operational integrity, capacity, and sense of direction. WhatsApp (+156 172 636 97) Mail (support (At) techy forcecy berretrieval (Dot)com) Telegram (At) Techcyberforc
09.08.25 09:39 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
09.08.25 09:39 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
09.08.25 14:24 lisa111

Recovering lost money from scams calls for cooperation. Recovery professionals locate stolen funds by applying their expertise. Experts in law offer advice on the best course of action. This helps you recoup your investment. Scams teach us to be aware of the warning indications. Promises of large, rapid riches with minimal risk should be avoided. They may want you to make an investment right away. Get advice from Marie on how to prevent frauds in the future. She can help you recover your missing bitcoin as well. You can reach her at [email protected] or @Marie_consultancy on Telegram. Additionally, you can utilize WhatsApp at +1 7127594675.
09.08.25 16:31 vallatjosette

My Wild Ride: How a Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech Helped Me Recover Lost Bitcoin of 103,000 It all started when I had the misfortune of misplacing the digital wallet containing my substantial cryptocurrency holdings - a staggering 103,000 bitcoins. I had amassed this sizable fortune over the years through strategic investments and careful trading, but in a moment of carelessness, the private keys to my digital wallet had vanished. Panic set in as I grappled with the gravity of my situation - those bitcoins, worth millions at the time, were effectively lost to the ether, inaccessible and seemingly unrecoverable. Just when I had resigned myself to the devastating financial blow, a chance encounter with a self-proclaimed "digital wizard" Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech presented a glimmer of hope. This enigmatic individual, who operated in the shadowy corners of the crypto underworld, claimed to possess the arcane knowledge and skills necessary to retrieve my lost digital wealth. Intrigued and desperate, I put my skepticism aside and entrusted this mysterious wizard with the task. What followed was a wild, suspenseful journey into the depths of blockchain technology and cryptography, as the wizard navigated complex algorithms, exploited vulnerabilities, and pieced together the puzzle of my missing private keys. After days of intense effort, Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech emerged triumphant, having successfully recovered the entirety of my 103,000 bitcoin stash. The sheer relief and elation I felt in that moment was indescribable, as I regained access to my small digital fortune and was able to secure my financial future. This harrowing experience taught me the invaluable lesson of never taking the security of my cryptocurrency holdings for granted, and the importance of always maintaining the utmost diligence when it comes to protecting one's digital wealth. Email: wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number +18737715701 Thanks.
09.08.25 16:43 meghanmarkle1998

I was scammed out $ 180,000 in BTC, but Spikes Assets Recovery came to my rescue. When my cryptocurrency investment fell into the wrong hands, I lost $115,330 in Bitcoin and was defrauded of my hard-earned money. I was on the verge of giving up after learning that the funds seemed unrecoverable, but then I came across a Google post about a legitimate recovery service called Spikes Assets Recovery, a firm specializing in stolen fund and crypto recovery. To my astonishment, after working with them, they successfully recovered the full $115,330 I had lost in BTC. I'm incredibly grateful and relieved that I was able to recover all of my missing Bitcoin. For inquiries or assistance with recovering your lost assets, you can contact Spikes Assets Recovery using the following details: Email: [email protected] Yahoo: [email protected]
09.08.25 17:24 Sophie Pugh

I would strongly love to recommend the services of the best team of recoveryhackers101. They are professional and very discreet in carrying out their jobs, they have the best customer service agents and satisfaction at heart. If you have any services you wish to contact them for, go on (recoveryhacker101@gmailcom), They help track and monitor your cheating partner's phone without his idea, clear or erase criminal records as well as repair a bad credit score, all social media hacks, Recovery lost Funds from scammers / Cryptocurrency / Binary / Forex / Recovery of Stolen Bitcoin and many others.
10.08.25 03:53 KEVIN3

HOW I RECOVER MY LOST FUNDS AFTER INVESTING Exercise extreme caution when dealing with this company. They scammed me out of my money and even gained unauthorized access to my banking information, which severely impacted my financial well-being. I had initially approached them with the hope of improving my life through investment, but instead, I was deceived. This company should be thoroughly investigated and shut down to prevent further harm. Fortunately, I was able to recover my funds thanks to Mrs. Rose. Although I was initially hesitant and unsure about contacting her, I decided to take the risk and I’m so glad I did. You can reach her via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) and email rosecryptoinvestment11@gmail. com With the help of her skilled team of cybersecurity professionals and cryptocurrency experts, I was able to recover my lost funds quickly and with minimal stress, a sharp contrast to my previous experience. If you’ve been scammed or are in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to her for assistance. via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) rosecryptoinvestment11@ gmail. com
10.08.25 03:53 KEVIN3

HOW I RECOVER MY LOST FUNDS AFTER INVESTING Exercise extreme caution when dealing with this company. They scammed me out of my money and even gained unauthorized access to my banking information, which severely impacted my financial well-being. I had initially approached them with the hope of improving my life through investment, but instead, I was deceived. This company should be thoroughly investigated and shut down to prevent further harm. Fortunately, I was able to recover my funds thanks to Mrs. Rose. Although I was initially hesitant and unsure about contacting her, I decided to take the risk and I’m so glad I did. You can reach her via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) and email rosecryptoinvestment11@gmail. com With the help of her skilled team of cybersecurity professionals and cryptocurrency experts, I was able to recover my lost funds quickly and with minimal stress, a sharp contrast to my previous experience. If you’ve been scammed or are in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to her for assistance. via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) rosecryptoinvestment11@ gmail. com
10.08.25 03:54 KEVIN3

HOW I RECOVER MY LOST FUNDS AFTER INVESTING Exercise extreme caution when dealing with this company. They scammed me out of my money and even gained unauthorized access to my banking information, which severely impacted my financial well-being. I had initially approached them with the hope of improving my life through investment, but instead, I was deceived. This company should be thoroughly investigated and shut down to prevent further harm. Fortunately, I was able to recover my funds thanks to Mrs. Rose. Although I was initially hesitant and unsure about contacting her, I decided to take the risk and I’m so glad I did. You can reach her via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) and email rosecryptoinvestment11@gmail. com With the help of her skilled team of cybersecurity professionals and cryptocurrency experts, I was able to recover my lost funds quickly and with minimal stress, a sharp contrast to my previous experience. If you’ve been scammed or are in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to her for assistance. via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) rosecryptoinvestment11@ gmail. com
10.08.25 03:54 KEVIN3

HOW I RECOVER MY LOST FUNDS AFTER INVESTING Exercise extreme caution when dealing with this company. They scammed me out of my money and even gained unauthorized access to my banking information, which severely impacted my financial well-being. I had initially approached them with the hope of improving my life through investment, but instead, I was deceived. This company should be thoroughly investigated and shut down to prevent further harm. Fortunately, I was able to recover my funds thanks to Mrs. Rose. Although I was initially hesitant and unsure about contacting her, I decided to take the risk and I’m so glad I did. You can reach her via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) and email rosecryptoinvestment11@gmail. com With the help of her skilled team of cybersecurity professionals and cryptocurrency experts, I was able to recover my lost funds quickly and with minimal stress, a sharp contrast to my previous experience. If you’ve been scammed or are in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to her for assistance. via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) rosecryptoinvestment11@ gmail. com
10.08.25 03:54 KEVIN3

HOW I RECOVER MY LOST FUNDS AFTER INVESTING Exercise extreme caution when dealing with this company. They scammed me out of my money and even gained unauthorized access to my banking information, which severely impacted my financial well-being. I had initially approached them with the hope of improving my life through investment, but instead, I was deceived. This company should be thoroughly investigated and shut down to prevent further harm. Fortunately, I was able to recover my funds thanks to Mrs. Rose. Although I was initially hesitant and unsure about contacting her, I decided to take the risk and I’m so glad I did. You can reach her via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) and email rosecryptoinvestment11@gmail. com With the help of her skilled team of cybersecurity professionals and cryptocurrency experts, I was able to recover my lost funds quickly and with minimal stress, a sharp contrast to my previous experience. If you’ve been scammed or are in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to her for assistance. via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) rosecryptoinvestment11@ gmail. com
10.08.25 03:54 KEVIN3

HOW I RECOVER MY LOST FUNDS AFTER INVESTING Exercise extreme caution when dealing with this company. They scammed me out of my money and even gained unauthorized access to my banking information, which severely impacted my financial well-being. I had initially approached them with the hope of improving my life through investment, but instead, I was deceived. This company should be thoroughly investigated and shut down to prevent further harm. Fortunately, I was able to recover my funds thanks to Mrs. Rose. Although I was initially hesitant and unsure about contacting her, I decided to take the risk and I’m so glad I did. You can reach her via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) and email rosecryptoinvestment11@gmail. com With the help of her skilled team of cybersecurity professionals and cryptocurrency experts, I was able to recover my lost funds quickly and with minimal stress, a sharp contrast to my previous experience. If you’ve been scammed or are in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to her for assistance. via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) rosecryptoinvestment11@ gmail. com
10.08.25 03:55 KEVIN3

HOW I RECOVER MY LOST FUNDS AFTER INVESTING Exercise extreme caution when dealing with this company. They scammed me out of my money and even gained unauthorized access to my banking information, which severely impacted my financial well-being. I had initially approached them with the hope of improving my life through investment, but instead, I was deceived. This company should be thoroughly investigated and shut down to prevent further harm. Fortunately, I was able to recover my funds thanks to Mrs. Rose. Although I was initially hesitant and unsure about contacting her, I decided to take the risk and I’m so glad I did. You can reach her via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) and email rosecryptoinvestment11@gmail. com With the help of her skilled team of cybersecurity professionals and cryptocurrency experts, I was able to recover my lost funds quickly and with minimal stress, a sharp contrast to my previous experience. If you’ve been scammed or are in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to her for assistance. via telegram user name (@RoseCyberHives) rosecryptoinvestment11@ gmail. com
10.08.25 04:55 lisared

I thought losing £85,000 in Doge was the end until Agent Jasmine Lopez proved me wrong. With unmatched skill and persistence, she traced my stolen money, tracked down the scammers, and recovered a huge portion of my funds. If you’ve been scammed, don’t wait reach out to her at (recoveryfundprovider@gmail. com) WhatsApp at +{44 736-644-5035}. She could be the reason you get your money back.
10.08.25 12:57 Marthaamahle

My name is Martha, and I never thought I’d be the victim of a crypto scam, but life has a way of humbling you. A few months ago, I invested a huge chunk of my savings, decades of hard-earned money into what seemed like a promising crypto platform. The slick website, glowing testimonials, and a charming advisor convinced me to transfer 15 Bitcoin, into their wallet. Days later, the platform vanished, my funds were gone, and I was left with nothing but regret. Desperate, I turned to the internet, scouring forums and posts on X for help. That’s when I stumbled across Alpha Spy Nest, a shadowy group of cyber-recovery experts specializing in crypto fraud. Their reputation was murky but promising whispers of successful recoveries and a no-nonsense approach. I reached out through their encrypted portal, half-expecting a scam. Within hours, they responded, asking for details: transaction IDs, wallet addresses, and screenshots of my interactions with the scammers. Alpha Spy Nest operated in the dark corners of the web, using a mix of blockchain forensics, social engineering, and unconventional methods to track lost crypto. They traced my Bitcoin to a series of obfuscated wallets, likely controlled by an offshore syndicate. The team deployed advanced chain-analysis tools to follow the funds, pinpointing a weak link in the scammers’ network, a poorly secured exchange account in Eastern Europe.Over weeks, Alpha Spy Nest worked tirelessly, infiltrating the scammers’ digital trails. And then i received a message, we’ve got a lead. They’d recovered 12 of my 15 Bitcoin, transferred to a secure wallet they set up for me. The rest, they said, was likely gone forever, but I was overjoyed. My savings were partially restored, and I felt a weight lift. I never met them, but they gave me back hope and a lesson, the crypto world is a jungle, but sometimes, even in the dark, there are allies. Contact them via: website: www.alphaspynest.org, whatsapp: ‪+15132924878‬ , telegram: https://t.me/Alphaspynest
10.08.25 14:33 tomcooper0147

Losing €256,000 On trading was one of the worst moments of my life. I felt sick, helpless, and convinced I’d never see that money again. Every day that passed made the loss feel heavier. Then I found Agent Jasmine Lopez and everything changed. With relentless determination, she traced the stolen funds, tracked down the scammers, and recovered a huge portion of my losses in the space of a few days. Her skill and persistence gave me hope when I had none. Time is everything contact her now: [email protected] Whats//App at +{44 736-644-5035}.
10.08.25 17:06 kevin

I see a lot of recommendations online and it’s already obvious there are bad eggs online who will only add to your mystery. I can only recommend one and you can reach them via mail on (zattechrecovery AT gmailc0 m ) if you need help on recovering what you lost to scammers.
10.08.25 18:13 michaeldavenport218

I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
10.08.25 18:13 michaeldavenport218

I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
10.08.25 20:35 Bartlevi

Sylvester demonstrated truly exceptional skill. He successfully recovered over $610,000 in USDT. This was a momentous personal triumph. His support extended far beyond this initial success. He diligently assisted in reclaiming additional lost funds. Throughout this complex process, he maintained consistent contact. He kept me fully updated at every turn. The entire undertaking was conducted with utmost honesty. There were no concealed charges or dubious methods. My funds were directly returned to my crypto wallet. The transaction proceeded smoothly and without any issues. I can confidently state Sylvester Bryant is the most reliable recovery agent I have ever encountered. I strongly urge anyone facing a similar situation to contact him without delay. You may reach Sylvester by email at yt7cracker@gmail. com. You can also contact him on WhatsApp at +1 (512) 577-7957. Do not surrender to despair. Sylvester possesses the ability and commitment to retrieve your stolen funds. He can achieve this for you, as he did for me. Your financial recovery is attainable. Sylvester Bryant is your path to recovering your money.
10.08.25 23:28 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
10.08.25 23:29 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
11.08.25 10:33 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
11.08.25 10:33 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
11.08.25 10:34 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
11.08.25 10:34 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
11.08.25 11:35 Dennisblaq

Hi everyone, I'm an entrepreneur, and when I learned about cryptocurrencies and how they potentially triple my income, I was excited to invest. I hope this message finds the correct audience. On the internet, I came across someone who assured me of exceptionally significant returns on my investment. I was readily persuaded by this man's seeming wisdom. I quickly discovered that this cryptocurrency was a hoax and that I was unable to withdraw my money after making a substantial investment. My business was in tatters, and I owed money.Fortunately for me, a pop-up regarding cryptocurrency recovery and cybersecurity specialists that could help me get all of my money back appeared when seeking for help on the internet. This organization, WIZARD JAMES RECOVERY, is a cyber security and cryptocurrency recovery firm that helped me get my investment money back. I sincerely appreciate their assistance and heartily endorse them to anyone in need of cryptocurrency recovery. The following is their contact information: E - M A I L: [email protected] W H A T S A P P: (+ 44 741 836 7204)
11.08.25 13:05 alaincharlotte5

RECLAIM CRYPTO LOSS: HIRE META TECH RECOVERY PRO TO RECOVER LOST ASSET BACK. The adage "all that glitters is not gold" proved a harsh reality I recently encountered. The digital realm of cryptocurrency investments and exchange platforms is not immune to deception. My pursuit of cryptocurrency investments led me to a seemingly legitimate site, complete with convincing investor testimonials touting successful withdrawals. Unbeknownst to me, it was an elaborate scheme. I invested $210,000.00 worth of cryptocurrency across multiple wallets, as directed by the scammers. Initially, the process mirrored typical modern investments, but my withdrawal requests were met with evasiveness and silence. This represented my entire life savings, accumulated through years of dedicated work, now vanished in an instant. Refusing to accept defeat, I sought assistance from METATECH-RECOVERYPRO, which facilitated a successful recovery. Their process was remarkably efficient. They meticulously traced my lost funds back to the perpetrators, and within a short timeframe, the recovered assets were returned to my bank account. Without this exceptional recovery team, which offered support when all hope seemed lost, my situation would have been dire. To initiate your recovery, I strongly advise sending a detailed email ([email protected]) of your task, outlining your specific circumstances. Ask (META TECH RECOVERY PRO) for help via: Telegram:@metatechrecoveryproteam W/S +1 (469) 692‑8049 thank you.
11.08.25 13:05 alaincharlotte5

RECLAIM CRYPTO LOSS: HIRE META TECH RECOVERY PRO TO RECOVER LOST ASSET BACK. The adage "all that glitters is not gold" proved a harsh reality I recently encountered. The digital realm of cryptocurrency investments and exchange platforms is not immune to deception. My pursuit of cryptocurrency investments led me to a seemingly legitimate site, complete with convincing investor testimonials touting successful withdrawals. Unbeknownst to me, it was an elaborate scheme. I invested $210,000.00 worth of cryptocurrency across multiple wallets, as directed by the scammers. Initially, the process mirrored typical modern investments, but my withdrawal requests were met with evasiveness and silence. This represented my entire life savings, accumulated through years of dedicated work, now vanished in an instant. Refusing to accept defeat, I sought assistance from METATECH-RECOVERYPRO, which facilitated a successful recovery. Their process was remarkably efficient. They meticulously traced my lost funds back to the perpetrators, and within a short timeframe, the recovered assets were returned to my bank account. Without this exceptional recovery team, which offered support when all hope seemed lost, my situation would have been dire. To initiate your recovery, I strongly advise sending a detailed email ([email protected]) of your task, outlining your specific circumstances. Ask (META TECH RECOVERY PRO) for help via: Telegram:@metatechrecoveryproteam W/S +1 (469) 692‑8049 thank you.
11.08.25 13:05 alaincharlotte5

RECLAIM CRYPTO LOSS: HIRE META TECH RECOVERY PRO TO RECOVER LOST ASSET BACK. The adage "all that glitters is not gold" proved a harsh reality I recently encountered. The digital realm of cryptocurrency investments and exchange platforms is not immune to deception. My pursuit of cryptocurrency investments led me to a seemingly legitimate site, complete with convincing investor testimonials touting successful withdrawals. Unbeknownst to me, it was an elaborate scheme. I invested $210,000.00 worth of cryptocurrency across multiple wallets, as directed by the scammers. Initially, the process mirrored typical modern investments, but my withdrawal requests were met with evasiveness and silence. This represented my entire life savings, accumulated through years of dedicated work, now vanished in an instant. Refusing to accept defeat, I sought assistance from METATECH-RECOVERYPRO, which facilitated a successful recovery. Their process was remarkably efficient. They meticulously traced my lost funds back to the perpetrators, and within a short timeframe, the recovered assets were returned to my bank account. Without this exceptional recovery team, which offered support when all hope seemed lost, my situation would have been dire. To initiate your recovery, I strongly advise sending a detailed email ([email protected]) of your task, outlining your specific circumstances. Ask (META TECH RECOVERY PRO) for help via: Telegram:@metatechrecoveryproteam W/S +1 (469) 692‑8049 thank you.
11.08.25 17:49 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
11.08.25 17:49 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
11.08.25 17:49 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
11.08.25 19:46 KEVIN3

HOW I RECOVER MY LOST FUNDS AFTER INVESTING Exercise extreme caution when dealing with this company. They scammed me $800,000 out of my money and even gained unauthorized access to my banking information, which severely impacted my financial well-being. I had initially approached them with the hope of improving my life through investment, but instead, I was deceived. This company should be thoroughly investigated and shut down to prevent further harm. Fortunately, I was able to recover my funds thanks to Mrs. Rose. Although I was initially hesitant and unsure about contacting her, I decided to take the risk and I’m so glad I did. You can reach her via telegram 📱(@RoseCyberHives) and email rosecryptorecovery@gmail. com With the help of her skilled team of cybersecurity professionals and cryptocurrency experts, I was able to recover my lost funds quickly and with minimal stress, a sharp contrast to my previous experience. If you’ve been scammed or are in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to her for assistance. via telegram 📱 (@RoseCyberHives) rosecryptorecovery@gmail. com
11.08.25 20:06 KEVIN3

HOW I RECOVER MY LOST FUNDS AFTER INVESTING Exercise extreme caution when dealing with this company. They scammed me $800,000 out of my money and even gained unauthorized access to my banking information, which severely impacted my financial well-being. I had initially approached them with the hope of improving my life through investment, but instead, I was deceived. This company should be thoroughly investigated and shut down to prevent further harm. Fortunately, I was able to recover my funds thanks to Mrs. Rose. Although I was initially hesitant and unsure about contacting her, I decided to take the risk and I’m so glad I did. You can reach her via telegram 📱(@RoseCyberHives) and email rosecryptorecovery@gmail. com With the help of her skilled team of cybersecurity professionals and cryptocurrency experts, I was able to recover my lost funds quickly and with minimal stress, a sharp contrast to my previous experience. If you’ve been scammed or are in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to her for assistance. via telegram 📱 (@RoseCyberHives) rosecryptorecovery@gmail. com
12.08.25 02:43 michaeldavenport218

I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
12.08.25 02:43 michaeldavenport218

I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
12.08.25 02:43 michaeldavenport218

I was recently scammed out of $53,000 by a fraudulent Bitcoin investment scheme, which added significant stress to my already difficult health issues, as I was also facing cancer surgery expenses. Desperate to recover my funds, I spent hours researching and consulting other victims, which led me to discover the excellent reputation of Capital Crypto Recover, I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered Capital Crypto Recovery’s stellar reputation. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back. The process was intricate, but Capital Crypto Recovery's commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance contact [email protected] and on Telegram OR Call Number +1 (336)390-6684 via email: [email protected] you can visit his website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
12.08.25 16:48 ahmed11

It takes a team to recover lost money from scams. Recovery professionals locate stolen money by using their expertise. The best course of action is advised by legal professionals. This helps you get your money back. Identifying warning indicators is a crucial lesson learned from frauds. Promises of large, fast, risk-free profits should be avoided. They may put pressure on you to make an investment right away. For assistance avoiding frauds in the future, get in touch with Marie. She can also help you retrieve your misplaced Bitcoin. You can reach her on Telegram at @Marie_consultancy or via email at [email protected]. Also, you can use WhatsApp at +1 7127594675.
12.08.25 17:13 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
12.08.25 17:13 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
12.08.25 18:44 edinavida027

CRYPTO TRACING AND RECOVERY: HIRE A LEGITIMATE RECOVERY EXPERT" CONTACT RAPID DIGITAL RECOVERY
12.08.25 18:44 edinavida027

A recruiter named Emma Zhang reached out to me on LinkedIn regarding an intriguing job opportunity that piqued my interest. She presented a position for a Crypto Security Specialist with a Coinbase-certified firm. Her profile appeared legitimate, boasting over 1200 connections and numerous endorsements from industry professionals that seemed authentic. The offer was enticing: a salary of $180,000 plus bonuses, all disbursed in Bitcoin. The recruiter promptly sent me an email from a seemingly official domain , which closely resembled Coinbase's actual email addresses. It felt like an incredible opportunity. However, there was a stipulation: to qualify for the position, I needed to confirm that I possessed at least 4 BTC. This requirement struck me as peculiar but not entirely implausible, given the nature of the role. At that moment, I had sufficient BTC to meet the demand, so I decided to proceed. The HR representative directed me to a portal that closely mimicked Coinbase's official interface. It was convincing enough that I didn’t hesitate to log in and complete the necessary steps. Unfortunately, that was where everything began to unravel. I was instructed to send a verification deposit of 1 BTC to confirm my ownership. Since everything appeared legitimate, I complied without hesitation. However, the moment I transferred the BTC, an unsettling feeling washed over me. The following day, I noticed that the remaining 3 BTC in my wallet began to vanish. My heart sank as I realized something was terribly amiss. I immediately attempted to reach out to both the HR representative and the company, but my efforts were met with silence. Upon checking the LinkedIn profiles of Emma Zhang and her team, I discovered they had mysteriously vanished. I was left with nothing no job offer, no recruiter, and no Bitcoin. I turned to the internet in search of solutions. That’s when I stumbled upon RAPID DIGITAL RECOVERY, a company specializing in Bitcoin recovery. I contacted them, and they assured me they could assist in recovering my lost funds. After a tense and arduous process, they successfully retrieved my stolen BTC. The relief I felt was indescribable, and I am profoundly grateful to RAPID DIGITAL RECOVERY for their expertise and unwavering support. CONTACT INFO BELOW Email: rapid digital recovery (@) execs. com Telegram: htt ps: // t. me/ Rapid digital recovery519 WhatSapp: +1 4 1 4 8 0 7 1 4 8 5
12.08.25 19:15 vallatjosette

Fortunately, my luck changed when I encountered Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech. Their expertise and dedication to helping victims of cryptocurrency scams are truly remarkable. They worked tirelessly to track down the scammers and recover my lost crypto coins.Email : wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com
12.08.25 23:07 babatunde162

I recommend Marie when it comes to recovering lost/stolen usdt/bitcoin or any kind of cryptocurrencies' from fake investment platforms because they're well specialized in that area and you'll get your money back in full. I can boldly say this right now based on my prior deal i had with them; she was the only one who was able to recover my lost money $52,760 dollars back to my account, Only • ([email protected] and telegram:@Marie_consultancy or whatsapp +1 7127594675) she was successful in recovering my money. They are the only one who can fully restore your lost funds to your account without any deductions, I really value their work and am recommending her to you today. THANK ME LATER
13.08.25 06:11 tyler231

DO YOU REQUIRE TECHNICAL SKILLS TO SOLVE YOUR HACKING RELATED PROBLEMS? ●Hacking of all social media accounts ●Spying on cheating partner ●Retrieving of lost Cryptocurrency ●Data alteration ●Finding of lost phone ●Clearing/paying off of mortgage/loan ●Increasing of credit score ●Bitcoin mining ●Tracking of location ●Hacking of cell phone/other devices ●Block out or track down hackers Secure yourself now!!! Contact: [email protected] OR WHATSAPP+14106350697 They are the best at what they do they helped me out and i am here to testify contact them and come back testifying
13.08.25 07:01 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
13.08.25 07:01 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
13.08.25 07:01 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
13.08.25 08:26 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
13.08.25 08:27 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
13.08.25 08:27 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
13.08.25 10:37 babatunde162

Since Marie is an expert in recovering lost or stolen USDT, bitcoin, or any other cryptocurrency from fraudulent investment platforms, I suggest them for this task. You will receive your money back in full. I can confidently state this at this time because of my previous transaction with them: she was the only one who successfully returned $52,760 of my lost funds to my account. Her contact information is [email protected], and her telegram handle is @Marie_consultancy or +1 7127594675. Because they are the only ones that can completely return your lost money to your account without taking any money out, I truly appreciate what they do and am suggesting her to you today. Afterward, thank you.
13.08.25 13:15 Bartlevi

Sylvester showcased remarkable talent. He brought back over $610,000 in crypto. This felt like a massive win. His help went beyond this first success. He worked hard to get back more lost money. He stayed in touch all the time. He kept me in the loop. The whole process was very honest. There were no hidden fees or tricky ways. My money went straight to my crypto account. The transfer was easy. Sylvester Bryant is the most honest recovery agent I know. If you're in a similar spot, contact him now. You can email Sylvester at yt7cracker@gmail. com. Or reach him on WhatsApp at +1 (512) 577-7957. Don't give up hope. Sylvester can find your stolen money. He did it for me. You can get your money back. Sylvester Bryant will help you recover your funds.
13.08.25 14:23 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
13.08.25 14:23 Morris Jason

HIRE A REPUTABLE RECOVERY FIRM THAT HELPED ME RETRIEVE MY LOST INVESTMENT FUNDS : THE HACK ANGELS If you’re lost your Bitcoin to scammers, and you’re searching for trustworthy recovery services, getting in touch with THE HACK ANGELS is the only way to get your Bitcoin back. After losing my Bitcoin investments. I was determined to find a solution. I began by researching online and found several recovery services claiming to retrieve lost Bitcoin. However, most of these services turned out to be scams themselves. I thought I’d never see my funds again. It was then that I came across THE HACK ANGELS. A reputable Bitcoin recovery expert with a proven track record of retrieving lost Funds. I reached out to him, and he responded promptly, explaining the process of recovering my lost Bitcoin. They provide essential guidance on protecting digital assets, recognizing cyber threats and using effective security practices to prevent future incidents. Great communication and a successful outcome, when it comes to bitcoins recovery, quick contact THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT WhatsApp +1(520)2 0 0-2 3 2 0 Email at [email protected] Website at www.thehackangels.com If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help! And ready to reclaim what's rightfully yours?
13.08.25 19:46 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
13.08.25 19:46 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
13.08.25 19:46 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
13.08.25 19:50 babatunde162

When it comes to recovering lost or stolen bitcoin, USDT, or any other cryptocurrency from fraudulent investment platforms, I suggest Marie because they are highly skilled in the field and will return all of your money. Based on my previous transaction with them, I can state with confidence that she was the only one who successfully returned $52,760 of my lost funds to my account. Her email address is [email protected], and her telegram handle is @Marie_consultancy, or her WhatsApp number is +1 7127594675. I truly appreciate their work and am suggesting her to you today because they are the only ones who can completely return your missing money to your account without any deductions.
14.08.25 00:20 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
14.08.25 00:20 robertalfred175

CRYPTO SCAM RECOVERY SUCCESSFUL – A TESTIMONIAL OF LOST PASSWORD TO YOUR DIGITAL WALLET BACK. My name is Robert Alfred, Am from Australia. I’m sharing my experience in the hope that it helps others who have been victims of crypto scams. A few months ago, I fell victim to a fraudulent crypto investment scheme linked to a broker company. I had invested heavily during a time when Bitcoin prices were rising, thinking it was a good opportunity. Unfortunately, I was scammed out of $120,000 AUD and the broker denied me access to my digital wallet and assets. It was a devastating experience that caused many sleepless nights. Crypto scams are increasingly common and often involve fake trading platforms, phishing attacks, and misleading investment opportunities. In my desperation, a friend from the crypto community recommended Capital Crypto Recovery Service, known for helping victims recover lost or stolen funds. After doing some research and reading multiple positive reviews, I reached out to Capital Crypto Recovery. I provided all the necessary information—wallet addresses, transaction history, and communication logs. Their expert team responded immediately and began investigating. Using advanced blockchain tracking techniques, they were able to trace the stolen Dogecoin, identify the scammer’s wallet, and coordinate with relevant authorities to freeze the funds before they could be moved. Incredibly, within 24 hours, Capital Crypto Recovery successfully recovered the majority of my stolen crypto assets. I was beyond relieved and truly grateful. Their professionalism, transparency, and constant communication throughout the process gave me hope during a very difficult time. If you’ve been a victim of a crypto scam, I highly recommend them with full confidence contacting: 📧 Email: [email protected] 📱 Telegram: @Capitalcryptorecover Contact: [email protected] 📞 Call/Text: +1 (336) 390-6684 🌐 Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
14.08.25 17:47 Joanne Ruth

The innovative company Captain Jack Recovery was created to address the challenges associated with recovering cryptocurrency assets. A group of seasoned professionals with backgrounds in offshore legal solutions, asset recovery, crypto intelligence, and crypto investigations founded Captain Jack Recovery. For people and companies who have been the victims of bitcoin fraud or theft, his goal is to offer complete recovery options. Conatc address ([email protected])
14.08.25 18:27 lisared

Losing nearly 500,000 USDT to hackers was one of the most devastating experience of my life. I felt powerless as my hard-earned assets vanished into anonymous blockchain transactions until I found Agent Jasmine Lopez. Her deep expertise, tireless effort, and unwavering focus gave me hope and delivered results. She traced complex transactions, pursued every lead, and recovered a large portion of my stolen funds something I never thought possible. If you’ve lost digital assets, don’t give up. Contact her at recoveryfundprovider [AT] gmail [DOT] com Whats//App at +{44 736-644-5035}. She turned my nightmare into a recovery story, and she could do the same for you
14.08.25 19:23 Joanne Ruth

The innovative company Captain Jack Recovery was created to address the challenges associated with recovering cryptocurrency assets. A group of seasoned professionals with backgrounds in offshore legal solutions, asset recovery, crypto intelligence, and crypto investigations founded Captain Jack Recovery. For people and companies who have been the victims of bitcoin fraud or theft, his goal is to offer complete recovery options. Conatc address ([email protected])
14.08.25 21:49 Rickbayford

If you need to recover cryptocurrency that has been lost to wallet hackers, internet scammers, or BTC transferred to the wrong address, I suggest Wizard James Recovery, a very trustworthy recovery organization. Just by sending my case to the Expert and supplying the necessary data, Wizard James Recovery was able to help me recover my Bitcoin. I'm glad I was able to recover this much after losing even more to the fraudulent broker I initially put my belief in. Errors are unavoidable, thus we can never be careful enough. If you have lost money to cryptocurrency scams, I strongly advise getting in touch with Wizard James Recovery. Mail: ([email protected])
15.08.25 03:10 KEVIN3

HOW I RECOVER MY LOST FUNDS AFTER INVESTING Exercise extreme caution when dealing with this company. They scammed me $800,000 out of my money and even gained unauthorized access to my banking information, which severely impacted my financial well-being. I had initially approached them with the hope of improving my life through investment, but instead, I was deceived. This company should be thoroughly investigated and shut down to prevent further harm. Fortunately, I was able to recover my funds thanks to Mrs. Rose. Although I was initially hesitant and unsure about contacting her, I decided to take the risk and I’m so glad I did. You can reach her via telegram (@RoseCyberHives) and email rosecryptorecovery@gmail. com With the help of her skilled team of cybersecurity professionals and cryptocurrency experts, I was able to recover my lost funds quickly and with minimal stress, a sharp contrast to my previous experience. If you’ve been scammed or are in a similar situation, I highly recommend reaching out to her for assistance. via telegram (@RoseCyberHives) rosecryptorecovery@gmail. com
15.08.25 04:59 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
15.08.25 04:59 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
15.08.25 04:59 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
15.08.25 04:59 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
15.08.25 09:13 eva117

Recovery experts and legal experts work together to get back stolen money. They use special skills to find and retrieve assets. This teamwork improves your chances of success. Learning to spot scam warnings is key. Look out for promises of big returns with no risk. Be wary of pressure to invest fast. Contact Marie at [email protected], Telegram @Marie_consultancy, or WhatsApp +1 7127594675. She can help you avoid future scams and recover lost bitcoin
15.08.25 13:27 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
15.08.25 13:27 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
15.08.25 20:26 caitlinfedex

After my wife passed, I found myself lonely and searching for connection. I joined a senior living forum just to talk with others my age to share stories, maybe feel a little less isolated. That’s where I met a man who claimed to be helping retirees like me manage their savings with cryptocurrency. He spoke warmly and convincingly about a retirement care fund that guaranteed lifetime monthly payouts. He said it was specifically designed for people in my stage of life safe secure and backed by health organizations. He gained my trust over weeks of conversation. We spoke daily. He called me by name asked about my late wife, and remembered little details about my life. I believed he genuinely cared. Eventually, I transferred $200000 in USDT the majority of my retirement savings, into the wallet address he provided. That was the last time I heard from him. The forum profile vanished. His phone number stopped working. No response to emails. I was stunned. I couldn’t believe I had been tricked. I didn’t know who to turn to. I felt ashamed and foolish. At my age recovering from a financial loss like this is nearly impossible.My relative stepped in. They searched online for solutions and found TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT. I was skeptical at first but they insisted we give them a chance. From the moment we contacted them they treated me with respect patience and genuine concern. Their team didn’t speak in technical riddles. They explained every step. They used blockchain analysis tools to trace the movement of my funds through several addresses.It turned out the wallet was linked to a scam platform. TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT worked directly with the USDT issuer and coordinated with relevant platforms to freeze the funds before they were fully laundered.In just two weeks they managed to recover $155000 in USDT.The money helped yes but it was more than that. I no longer felt powerless. I had been taken advantage of but I wasn’t alone in the fight. Thanks to TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT I got back not only a large part of my savings but also peace of mind a sense of dignity and hope for the future. If you ever find yourself in such situation I encourage you to contact TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT Email.trustgeekshackexpert{At}fastservice{Dot}com — Telegram:: Trustgeekshackexpert & W h a t's A p p +1 7 1 9 4 9 2 2 6 9 3
15.08.25 20:27 caitlinfedex

After my wife passed, I found myself lonely and searching for connection. I joined a senior living forum just to talk with others my age to share stories, maybe feel a little less isolated. That’s where I met a man who claimed to be helping retirees like me manage their savings with cryptocurrency. He spoke warmly and convincingly about a retirement care fund that guaranteed lifetime monthly payouts. He said it was specifically designed for people in my stage of life safe secure and backed by health organizations. He gained my trust over weeks of conversation. We spoke daily. He called me by name asked about my late wife, and remembered little details about my life. I believed he genuinely cared. Eventually, I transferred $200000 in USDT the majority of my retirement savings, into the wallet address he provided. That was the last time I heard from him. The forum profile vanished. His phone number stopped working. No response to emails. I was stunned. I couldn’t believe I had been tricked. I didn’t know who to turn to. I felt ashamed and foolish. At my age recovering from a financial loss like this is nearly impossible.My relative stepped in. They searched online for solutions and found TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT. I was skeptical at first but they insisted we give them a chance. From the moment we contacted them they treated me with respect patience and genuine concern. Their team didn’t speak in technical riddles. They explained every step. They used blockchain analysis tools to trace the movement of my funds through several addresses.It turned out the wallet was linked to a scam platform. TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT worked directly with the USDT issuer and coordinated with relevant platforms to freeze the funds before they were fully laundered.In just two weeks they managed to recover $155000 in USDT.The money helped yes but it was more than that. I no longer felt powerless. I had been taken advantage of but I wasn’t alone in the fight. Thanks to TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT I got back not only a large part of my savings but also peace of mind a sense of dignity and hope for the future. If you ever find yourself in such situation I encourage you to contact TRUST GEEKS HACK EXPERT Email.trustgeekshackexpert{At}fastservice{Dot}com — Telegram:: Trustgeekshackexpert & W h a t's A p p +1 7 1 9 4 9 2 2 6 9 3
15.08.25 21:04 vallatjosette

My Wild Ride: How a Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech Helped Me Recover Lost Bitcoin of 103,000 It all started when I had the misfortune of misplacing the digital wallet containing my substantial cryptocurrency holdings - a staggering 103,000 bitcoins. I had amassed this sizable fortune over the years through strategic investments and careful trading, but in a moment of carelessness, the private keys to my digital wallet had vanished. Panic set in as I grappled with the gravity of my situation - those bitcoins, worth millions at the time, were effectively lost to the ether, inaccessible and seemingly unrecoverable. Just when I had resigned myself to the devastating financial blow, a chance encounter with a self-proclaimed "digital wizard" Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech presented a glimmer of hope. This enigmatic individual, who operated in the shadowy corners of the crypto underworld, claimed to possess the arcane knowledge and skills necessary to retrieve my lost digital wealth. Intrigued and desperate, I put my skepticism aside and entrusted this mysterious wizard with the task. What followed was a wild, suspenseful journey into the depths of blockchain technology and cryptography, as the wizard navigated complex algorithms, exploited vulnerabilities, and pieced together the puzzle of my missing private keys. After days of intense effort, Wizard Hilton Cyber Tech emerged triumphant, having successfully recovered the entirety of my 103,000 bitcoin stash. The sheer relief and elation I felt in that moment was indescribable, as I regained access to my small digital fortune and was able to secure my financial future. This harrowing experience taught me the invaluable lesson of never taking the security of my cryptocurrency holdings for granted, and the importance of always maintaining the utmost diligence when it comes to protecting one's digital wealth. Email: wizardhiltoncybertech ( @ ) gmail (. ) com OR support ( @ ) wizardhiltoncybertech (.) com WhatsApp number +18737715701 Thanks.
16.08.25 06:53 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
16.08.25 06:53 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
16.08.25 06:53 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
16.08.25 07:01 lisared

Losing nearly 500,000 USDT to hackers was one of the most devastating experience of my life. I felt powerless as my hard-earned assets vanished into anonymous blockchain transactions until I found Agent Jasmine Lopez. Her deep expertise, tireless effort, and unwavering focus gave me hope and delivered results. She traced complex transactions, pursued every lead, and recovered a large portion of my stolen funds something I never thought possible. If you’ve lost digital assets, don’t give up. Contact Recoveryfundprovider@gmail. com WhatsApp at +{44 736-644-5035}. She turned my nightmare into a recovery story, and she could do the same for you.
16.08.25 17:05 mark

I see a lot of recommendations online and it’s already obvious there are bad eggs online who will only add to your mystery. I can only recommend one and you can reach them via mail on (zattechrecovery @ gmail c0 m ) if you need help on recovering what you lost to scammers.
17.08.25 03:33 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
17.08.25 03:33 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
17.08.25 05:22 aveasley4

I’m a California resident who was contacted by someone named “Lin” on WhatsApp. Our conversation eventually turned to cryptocurrency investments. Lin introduced me to a trading platform called CBOTBIT (https://cbotbit.com), walked me through setting up an account, and guided me on transferring funds. Under Lin’s direction, I began trading and was led to believe that my account was growing significantly. However, when I attempted to withdraw my funds, I was unable to do so — and shortly after, the website went offline entirely. I had invested over $340,000 in Bitcoin, planning to use it for my retirement. The experience was devastating, and I was at a loss for what to do next. Eventually, I came across [email protected] and decided to reach out. I followed their instructions, and within a few days, I was able to recover my original investment. I'm incredibly relieved and grateful for their assistance, and I recommend contacting them if you’re in a similar situation and need help recovering lost funds.
17.08.25 17:49 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
17.08.25 17:49 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
17.08.25 17:49 marcushenderson624

Bitcoin Recovery Testimonial After falling victim to a cryptocurrency scam group, I lost $354,000 worth of USDT. I thought all hope was lost from the experience of losing my hard-earned money to scammers. I was devastated and believed there was no way to recover my funds. Fortunately, I started searching for help to recover my stolen funds and I came across a lot of testimonials online about Capital Crypto Recovery, an agent who helps in recovery of lost bitcoin funds, I contacted Capital Crypto Recover Service, and with their expertise, they successfully traced and recovered my stolen assets. Their team was professional, kept me updated throughout the process, and demonstrated a deep understanding of blockchain transactions and recovery protocols. They are trusted and very reliable with a 100% successful rate record Recovery bitcoin, I’m grateful for their help and highly recommend their services to anyone seeking assistance with lost crypto. Contact: [email protected] Phone CALL/Text Number: +1 (336) 390-6684 Email: [email protected] Website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
18.08.25 21:10 Connorhelms

I can honestly say losing my bitcoin savings was one of the darkest moments of my life. I had put everything I could into that investment, believing it would secure my future, only to wake up one day and realize the platform had vanished with all my funds. The feeling was indescribable, fear, shame, and helplessness all at once. I thought I’d never see that money again. Then I came across Alpha Spy Nest. At first, I was hesitant, I had already been deceived once, and the thought of trusting anyone else terrified me. But something about their professionalism and the way they patiently explained things gave me a little hope. For the first time in weeks, I felt like I wasn’t completely alone in the fight. They listened to my story without judgment, broke down the technical side in a way I could understand, and reassured me that there was still a chance. Watching them work was incredible. They traced every transaction, uncovered where my bitcoin had been moved, and kept me updated through every stage. It felt like they cared as much about my recovery as I did. The day they told me they had successfully recovered my lost savings, I actually cried. Seeing those funds back in my wallet felt unreal, it was like a huge weight had been lifted off my shoulders. Beyond just recovering my bitcoin, Alpha Spy Nest gave me back my peace of mind and restored a trust I thought I had lost forever. I’m forever grateful to them. If I hadn’t found Alpha Spy Nest, I’d still be stuck in regret and despair. Instead, I now share my story as proof that recovery is possible. You can also reach out to them via: Email: [email protected], WhatsApp: +15132924878‬, Telegram: https://t.me/Alphaspynest, Website: www.alphaspynest.org
18.08.25 22:17 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
18.08.25 22:17 wendytaylor015

My name is Wendy Taylor, I'm from Los Angeles, i want to announce to you Viewer how Capital Crypto Recover help me to restore my Lost Bitcoin, I invested with a Crypto broker without proper research to know what I was hoarding my hard-earned money into scammers, i lost access to my crypto wallet or had your funds stolen? Don’t worry Capital Crypto Recover is here to help you recover your cryptocurrency with cutting-edge technical expertise, With years of experience in the crypto world, Capital Crypto Recover employs the best latest tools and ethical hacking techniques to help you recover lost assets, unlock hacked accounts, Whether it’s a forgotten password, Capital Crypto Recover has the expertise to help you get your crypto back. a security company service that has a 100% success rate in the recovery of crypto assets, i lost wallet and hacked accounts. I provided them the information they requested and they began their investigation. To my surprise, Capital Crypto Recover was able to trace and recover my crypto assets successfully within 24hours. Thank you for your service in helping me recover my $647,734 worth of crypto funds and I highly recommend their recovery services, they are reliable and a trusted company to any individuals looking to recover lost money. Contact email [email protected] OR Telegram @Capitalcryptorecover Call/Text Number +1 (336)390-6684 his contact: [email protected] His website: https://recovercapital.wixsite.com/capital-crypto-rec-1
02:26 Jacksonbash

You are not alone if you have had your bitcoins taken from your wallet or if you invested in an initial coin offering (ICO) that was a scam. I experienced the same thing. I first lost $173,000 to a fraudulent investment scam company in less than five months. I was able to get all of my money in five days thanks to a hacker my friend recommended. In order to raise awareness about these cryptocurrency criminals and do my part to minimize the number of victims, I'm speaking out. To report a victim, simply send an email to [email protected].