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Бутерин предложил новые способы защиты децентрализации Ethereum

Основатель Ethereum Виталик Бутерин предложил ряд мер для защиты децентрализации блокчейна второй по капитализации криптовалюты. По его словам, важно сохранить «наивное» построение блоков через публичный мемпул.

I think neutrality / "dumb pipe" property of the L1 is important enough that we should have multiple lines of defense to protect it:

1. Make sure that the public mempool continues to be strong and it continues to be viable to build blocks "naively", by just grabbing txs from the…

Программист описал три ключевых направления, которые помогут предотвратить централизацию и сохранить открытость Ethereum, даже если процесс создания блоков окажется под контролем крупных участников. Он выделил:

Один из таких каналов — механизм FOCIL, который предотвратит цензурирование транзакций. Он предполагает выбор 17 валидаторов на каждый слот, один из которых будет определять окончательный порядок операций в блоке.

«Работа 16 „непривилегированных“ валидаторов (которые лишь выбирают транзакции для включения в блок) станет намного легче: им не нужно будет обрабатывать сложные вычисления — достаточно провести базовую валидацию операций», — отметил Бутерин.

По его словам, вспомогательными валидаторами сможет стать любой участник сети, что поддержит децентрализацию.

«С полной абстракцией аккаунтов (например, EIP-7701) этот механизм можно расширить на транзакции смарт-контрактных кошельков, вывод средств из приватных протоколов и так далее, позволив им работать без зависимости от централизованных посредников», — добавил основатель Ethereum.

Бутерин ответил на твит разработчика Ethereum Амина Солеймани, который выразил обеспокоенность касательно внедрения FOCIL. По его словам, это может создать серьезные проблемы для валидаторов из США. Принудительное включение транзакций с санкционными адресами лишит участников сети права фильтровать их, что может привести к юридическим последствиям.

The case against FOCIL (which I learned about today):

ETH devs, I love you. You mean well. But when you create an EIP to solve the problem of "filtering out transactions with sanctioned addresses" and your solution is "to allow validators to impose constraints on builders by… pic.twitter.com/O2FfaGO5L9

В качестве примера программист привел Tornado Cash. На пике разбирательств властей с разработчиками криптомиксера 90% нод в сети Ethereum фильтровали связанные с сервисом операции, что лишь увеличивало время обработки с 15 до 150 секунд. FOCIL может сломать эту модель.

Солеймани отметил, что правительство США может проигнорировать описанную Бутериным схему и преследовать валидаторов за включение запрещенных операций.

«Есть вероятность, что FOCIL приведет к юридической ответственности для основных разработчиков, которые его спроектировали и внедрили, потому что он явно был создан, чтобы помешать валидаторам фильтровать транзакции с санкционными адресами», — заключил он.

Многие разработчики встали на сторону Бутерина. По словам пользователя под ником tim-clancy.eth, механизм FOCIL «критически важен для масштабирования» Ethereum.

FOCIL is the single most important EIP for Ethereum. It should have shipped years ago and it delivers a capability that Ethereum _must_ have to continue delivering on its mission of being the most neutral blockspace. FOCIL does nothing to the application layer: you can apply…

«FOCIL — самое важное EIP для Ethereum. Его должны были внедрить годы назад; он предоставляет возможность, необходимую сети для сохранения своей миссии быть наиболее нейтральным блокчейн-пространством», — написал он.

Напомним, в начале августа Бутерин назвал ключевую цель Ethereum на ближайшее десятилетие — обеспечить бесперебойную работу сети для сохранения цифровой автономии пользователей.

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